【龙腾网】你们觉得西班牙留给美国的遗产是什么？
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（图解：加利福尼亚的西班牙传教团据点）
When I asked my Spanish friends about places with spanish names in America like Los Angeles, San francisco they realised they never asked themselves why they are called like that in the first place and never learned that Spain went almost all the way to the northwest. They are like whaat there''s a Valencia in California!
当询问我的西班牙朋友，美国那些有个西班牙名字的地方比如洛杉矶、旧金山时，他们从来都没有自问过为什么当初会这样称呼它们，也从来都不清楚西班牙（的势力）曾一路延伸到了西北部。他们的状态像是，“啥？！加州居然有个地方叫瓦伦西亚！”
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：yzy86 转载请注明出处
1、My state was a Spanish colony for 50 years. The biggest lasting influence Spanish colonization had is our cuisine. Florida and the southwestern United States were Spanish colonies much longer though.
（路易斯安那）我的州曾作了五十年的西班牙殖民地。西班牙人的殖民给我们带来最持久影响的就是我们的菜肴。不过佛罗里达州和美国西南地区成为西班牙殖民地的时间要长得多。
（回复1）and architecture in the French Quarter (ironically)
以及法国区的建筑风格（还挺讽刺的）
2、idk but L.A.''s full name is El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula
我不太确定，不过洛杉矶的全名是El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula（我们的圣母Porciuncula河的天使女王之城）
3、Not sure if they still do it, but every child growing up in California took a year of California history in elementary school that included the Spanish settlers and missions. They also taught that the Spanish didn''t treat the natives well. Spain''s legacy is much bigger further south than it is here though, and I think that much of Spain''s currently legacy in America comes indirectly, from Mexico and not Spain.
（在德美国人）我不太肯定他们是不是还干这事，不过在加州长大的每一个小孩都要在小学里上一年的加州历史课，内容包括西班牙开拓者和西班牙传教团。他们还教导我们说，西班牙人并没有善待原住民。不过西班牙的遗产在更靠南地区的存留，要远多于我们这里，但我认为，现如今美国的西班牙遗产，有很多都是以间接地方式从墨西哥而非西班牙传过来的。
4、Growing up on California we learn about Spain’s colonial history here and the foundation of the Spanish missions in elementary school.
（加州）我在加州长大，我们会在小学里学到西班牙在此地的殖民史，以及西班牙传教团的创立。
5、I don''t think many French people knows France''s legacy in the US, too. At least in Italy, where I''m from, (but I fell it''s common in many others European countries) Northern America history is not well taught. Most have a pretty confused idea of it
（欧盟）我不觉得会有很多法国人了解法国留在美国的遗产。至少在我的国家意大利（但我感觉这在其他很多欧洲国家是很普遍的）并没有好好教授北美历史。大部分人是搞不清楚这段历史的。
（回复1）France had a major impact on the origin of the US, and the Louisiana purchase was critical but, outside of the state of Louisiana itself, I can’t think of much a legacy. There weren’t French settlements equivalent to the Spanish missions.
法国对于美国的发端有着重大影响，而且路易斯安那购地案是相当关键的，不过出了路易斯安那州，我就想不到还有什么遗产了。那里没有能和西班牙传教团相提并论的法国定居地。
（译注：路易斯安那购地案（英文：Louisiana Purchase），美国于1803年以大约每英亩三美分向拿破仑购买了超过529,911,680英亩（2,144,476平方公里）土地的交易案，该交易的总价为1500万美元）
6、I grew up in Texas. We learned a lot about the Spanish. One of my favorite field trips was touring done of the missions.
我在德克萨斯州长大。我们学过很多有关西班牙人的内容。我最喜欢的一次实地考察之旅就是去考察传教团的建成。
7、People are still into Spanish identity in New Mexico today!
（新墨西哥州）在如今的新墨西哥州，人们还是热衷于认同自己是西班牙人。
A lot of hispanic New Mexicans (Nuevomexicanos) have roots back to the Spanish settlers 3 to 400 years ago, and the area even has its own Spanish dialect (which is sometimes claimed to be more similar to Spain-Spanish, though that''s debated by scholars).
很多西班牙裔的新墨西哥人，其祖先可以追溯到三四百年前的西班牙殖民者，而且这个地区甚至还有自己的西班牙语方言（有时还会号称更接近西班牙本国的西班牙语，虽然这在学者中间引发了争论）
Furthermore, a lot of Nuevomexicanos hold a firm identity separate from that of Mexico for historical and nationalist reasons, and sometimes claim to be more Spanish than Mexican (also debated by scholars).
此外，很多西裔新墨西哥人会出于历史和民族主义的原因坚守自己有别于墨西哥人的身份认同，而且有时候还会自称比墨西哥人更接近西班牙人（这也在学者中间引发了争论）。
You can see it in the red and yellow scheme in the New Mexico flag meant to represent the state''s Spanish heritage as well as the seeing older Spanish flags flown in Santa Fe.
你可以在新墨西哥州州旗的红黄配色中发现这一点，这代表了该州的西班牙遗产，而且也能看到年代更早的西班牙国旗飘扬在圣达菲市。
（回复1）Spanish is my first language and I got to say that dialect is super hard to understand. It also doesn’t sound anything like Spain Spanish, besides the “th” sound for c and z. But the “th” thing is super specific to Spain so I can see why they see it that way. It doesn’t sound anything like Mexican Spanish either. To me it sounds like a mix of Argentine and Chilean Spanish
（新英格兰）西班牙语是我的母语，我可以说那种方言超级难懂。而且，它听起来也完全和西班牙本国的西班牙语沾不上边，除此以外，字母c和z是发“th”这个音的。可“th”这个音对西班牙来说是极为特殊的，所以我能明白为什么他们会这样看待。而且它听起来和墨西哥人的西班牙语也没有什么共同之处。在我听来，它就像是阿根廷西语和智利西语的混合。
（回复2）The development of racial identity in New Mexico is so fascinating. Some Chicano scholars say that the first Hispanic activism didn''t happen in the 1960''s with the Chicano movement but in the late 1800''s in New Mexico.
（新墨西哥）新墨西哥州种族身份认同的演化发展是如此让人着迷。有些奇卡诺学者说，史上第一波西裔激进主义并不是伴随着奇卡诺运动在60年代发生的，而是发生于1800年代的新墨西哥州。
（译注：奇卡诺人即墨西哥裔美国人或在美国的讲西班牙语的拉丁美洲人后裔）
At that time NM just became part of the US and people there were seeing how the Hispanic populations in Texas and California were completely overwhelmed by incoming settlers. So the New Mexican Spanish language newspapers came out in full force with a much more political slant, calling out the activities of incoming anglo ranchers for squatting on land while preserving cultural hymns and stories for future generations.
那个时候新墨西哥刚刚变成美国的一部分，那里的人眼看着德克萨斯和加利福尼亚的西裔人口被接踵而来的定居者彻底压倒。所以新墨西哥的西语报纸带着浓重的政治倾向悉数出动，号召新来的英国大农场主在占用土地的同事，为子孙后代保护好文化领域的赞美诗和故事。
9、I grew up in Florida and the only major thing that felt left over from Spain was St. Augustine.
我在佛罗里达长大，感觉西班牙留下的唯一重要的东西便是圣奥古斯汀了。
There is a good amount of Latin American influence in the southern part of the state, but that''s not really Spain.
在本州的南部，存在大量来自拉美的影响，但这还真不是西班牙带来的。
（回复1）I’m not in a former Spanish colony but I feel your last sentence is my perception. The US has tons of Latino culture especially along the border and in Florida, but personally I’ve never associated it with Spain.
（北卡）我不在前西班牙殖民地，但我觉得你最后那句话也是我的感觉。在美国存在海量的拉丁文化，特别是边境一线，外加佛罗里达，但我个人从未把它和西班牙联系在一起。
10、I mean, the Dollar is Spanish. It was developed from Spanish pieces of eight. When I visited Spain, they also took credit for the dollar sign being the banner and pillars of Hercules from their seal/flag though I’ve heard it’s a myth.
我想说，美元（Dollar）就是西班牙的。它是从西班牙银元演变而来的。我造访西班牙的时候，他们也认为让西班牙银元的符号上了埃库莱斯灯塔（大力神灯塔）的旗帜和柱子要归功于他们，这一点体现在了他们的印章/旗帜上，虽然我听说这是虚构的。
（译注：挨库莱斯灯塔被列入了《世界遗产名录》，历史可追溯到公元2世纪）
Most people don’t know that our dollar is the direct decedent of Spanish money.
大部分人并不知道，我们的美元是西班牙钱币的直系继承者。
Edit: I also found that since the Piece of Eight was so widespread, they also influenced other world currencies like the Chinese Yuan. Had no idea Chinese money is our cousin.
补充：我还发现，由于西班牙银元的流通范围极广，它们也对世界上的其他货币产生了影响，比如中国的银元。我以前完全不知道中国的钱也是我们的表亲。
11、Dated a girl from New Mexico who has Spanish ancestry and her spoke a weird/old version of Spanish.
我和一个新墨西哥女孩约会过，她的先祖是西班牙人，而她说得一口古里古怪的西班牙语。
（回复1）It''s probably New Mexican Spanish, there was also Californio Spanish but it died out. I assume there was a variety native to Texas too.
这可能就是新墨西哥州的西班牙语，曾经还存在加州西语，但已经消亡了。我估摹着以前在德州当地也存在一种变种。
12、The broadest legacy of Spain that I see is the community property regime. There’s a reason community property states are mostly along the southern border, then up through the Rockies, and include Washington, which was claimed by Spain before the British arrived.
（马萨诸塞州）就我所看到的，影响最广的西班牙遗产就是夫妻共有财产制度了。有夫妻共有财产制度的州大多位于南部边境沿线是有原因的，然后向北越过洛基山，也包括了华盛顿州，这个州在英国人到来之前，就被西班牙声索过主权了。
13、I remember the USS Maine blew up, so we blamed the Maine on Spain and went to war and ended up destroying them. We said it was for the liberation of Spain’s island colonies, but Cuba immediately requested independence, Puerto Rico is still kind of a half-state almost, and we weren’t much better to the Philippines than Spain was
我记得美舰缅因号爆炸事件，所以我们把缅因号的沉没归咎于西班牙，然后就开战了，最后灭掉了他们。我们的说法是为了解放西班牙的海岛殖民地，但古巴立刻就要求独立，而波多黎各至今只能算半个国家，而且我们对待菲律宾人，也并没有比西班牙好多少。
（译注：“缅因”号事件是指在1898年古巴人民起义反抗西班牙期间，一支美国海军船只在哈瓦那海港沉没的事件。此次事件成为了美西战争的导火索）
14、The flag of St. Louis is red, white, blue, and yellow. The red, white, and blue reflect the times the city was under French control, and the red and yellow are for Spain. The city was even named San Luis for 37 years when Spain owned it.
圣路易斯（St. Louis）的旗帜是红白蓝黄四色的。红白蓝反映了这座城当时受控于法国人，而红黄则代表了西班牙。这座城在西班牙占领时期，甚至还被命名为San Luis长达37年。
（译注：圣路易斯城地处密西西比河中游，为美国的几何中心）
15、I had to take New Mexico History when I was going to school in Albuquerque. Spain is just ... everywhere around you. It''s the same way living in the northeast and the influence of the English. It''s not weird, it''s just home. Until you move somewhere else, and realize that American history is way more diverse than you ever gave it credit for.
我在阿尔伯克基上学的时候，必须修新墨西哥历史。西班牙元素真是…俯拾皆是。这就和生活在东北部时浸淫于英国文化中是一样的。这不是什么奇怪的事，这只是家乡而已。直到你搬去另一个地方，然后就会意识到美国历史比你以为的要多样化得多。
20、The Spanish really got the ball going on fucking up the native populations of California. Mexico and the US kept it going.
（北卡）西班牙人还真的有胆量残害加利福尼亚的原住民。然后由墨西哥和美国接了棒。
They named a lot of stuff around here but their actual colonial presence wasn''t incredibly strong. Not terribly far from where I live there was a small Russian colony (that''s now a state historical site) and although the Spanish were not at all into another country setting up a colony within their colony, they didn''t have the military ability to kick the Russians out. And it''s a really tiny fort! So that should give you an idea of how powerful they were in the West.
他们在我们这里命名了一大堆地方，但他们在现实中的殖民存在并没有特别强。距离我住处没多远的地方有一块不大的沙俄殖民地（现在那里是国家级历史遗址），虽然西班牙人对于另一个国家在他们的殖民地内建立自己的殖民地也是心怀芥蒂的，但他们不具备把这些俄国人踢出去的军事实力。而这个要塞真的只有一点点大！所以他们（西班牙）在西方到底有多强大，通过这件事你应该有点概念了。
