Lesson 20 One man in a boat

·单词

catch v.    抓到

    ·catch fish    抓鱼：指捕捉水中的鱼类，可以通过各种方法进行，如钓鱼、网鱼等

    ·catch fire    着火：指物体被火点燃，开始燃烧

    ·catch a bus    搭公交车：指在公交车站等待并乘坐公交车

    ·catch a cold    感冒：指因受寒或受到病毒感染而引起的一种常见疾病，症状包括喉咙痛、流鼻涕、咳嗽、打喷嚏等

fisherman n.    钓鱼人，渔民

boot n.    靴子

waste n.    浪费（废物，垃圾）

    ·It's a waste of time/money/food.    这是浪费 时间/金钱/食物

    ·waste v.    浪费

    ·Don't waste your time.    不要浪费你的时间

    ·recylable adj.    可回收利用的，可再循环的        other waste    其他垃圾

realize v.    意识到（使 ... 成真）

·本课句型

doing 动名词

    ·1 作主语

        ·Fishing is my favourite sport.        （动名词短语作主语时，一律视为第三人称单数，但当and连接两个动名词短语作主语时，视为复数。）

        ·Playing basketball is my favourite sport.    （动名词不止能用一个单词，如果原来是及物动词 vt. 的话，可以带上名词充当动名词短语）

        ·Playing basketball with my friends every Sunday is my favourite sport.    （动名词还可以带上介词短语作主语）

    ·2 介词后，作宾语（介词后面不能跟动词原型）

        ·I often fish for hours without catching anything.

·课文

    Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything —— not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.' It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

 

be interested in doing sth.    对做 .... 感兴趣

un    前缀，表示相反的

    unhappy    不开心

    unpleasant    不愉快的

    unimportant    不重要的

    uninteresting    无趣的

Instead of    代替，而不是：表示用某物或某种方式替换另一物或方式。

with    伴随

having spent    （去看知识拓展）

give up sth.    放弃某事

·知识拓展

介词+doing动名词改写子（需满足两个条件：1. 两个句子的主语相同 2. ）

He sat there.    He did not say anything. (without)

He sat there without saying anything.

He turned off the radio.    He left the room. (before)

He turned off the radio before leaving the room.

I have spent whole mornings on the river.    I always go home with an empty bag. (after)

I always go home with an empty bag after having spent whole mornings on the river.

doing 和 having spent 都是动名词，区别在于 doing  表示主动，正在进行，而 having spent 强调发生在之前，所以上面那句话的含义是在我之前先花了时间钓了一上午的鱼，之后我才拎着空袋子回家。

I must apologize.    I interrupted you. (for)

I must apologize for interrupting you.  ->  I must apologize for having interruped you.    为我之前打断你而道歉

不规则变化的动词：

原型    过去式    过去分词    动词ing

·catch    caught     caught