多邻国世界语新版tips and notes Time 时间篇(中英对照)

Post kiam/Antaŭ ol
The preposition post means "after" and is usually followed by a noun:
介词Post的意思意为after(在......之后),后面通常跟着名词:
post la matenmanĝo
after breakfast
早餐之后
post la oka horo
after eight o'clock
八点之后
However, if you want to use post with a verb phrase, you have to use post kiam:
如果你想让post和一个动词短语相搭配,你就要使用post kiam:
Post kiam ni matenmanĝis...
After we [had] had breakfast...
在我们吃完早餐之后....
Post kiam mi laboris, mi dormis.
After I [had] worked, I slept.
工作完之后,我就睡了
In the same way, antaŭ ol needs to be used before verbs.
同样地,antaŭ ol也需要放在动词之前。
Ni manĝis, antaŭ ol li alvenis.
We ate before he arrived.
我们在他来之前吃了

Fractions
分数
Fractions are made by adding the suffix -on to the base number. Fractions can be nouns (-o) or adjectives (-a) just like any other word in Esperanto. For example:
分数是由基数词和后缀-on组合而成的,就像其他世界语单词一样,分数也可以作为名词或者形容词,例如:

duona tago / duontago
a half day
半天

Komenci, komenciĝi: what is the difference?
Komenci, komenciĝi: 有什么不同?
Komenci means to start or begin something, and takes a direct object with an -n ending:
komenci的意思是开始某事,后面要跟直接宾语:
Mi komencas la manĝon. = I am starting/beginning the meal.(我开始吃饭)
Komenciĝi includes the -iĝ affix and means to begin or start on its own. It does not take a direct object:
Komenciĝi里有后缀-iĝ-,意为(某事/物)自己开始了,它后面并不跟直接宾语:
La manĝo komenciĝas. = The meal is starting/beginning.(用餐开始了)
A more detailed explanation can be found in the notes for the module Verbs Present. You will learn more about the -iĝ affix in a module dedicated to both the -iĝ and the -ig affix.
详细的解释可以在动词现在时篇中找到。你可以在-iĝ/-ig篇中学到更多关于-iĝ和-ig的内容

Correlatives (tabelvortoj)
表解词
All the question words we have learned so far start with ki-, which has the general meaning of "what":
至今为止,我们所学过的疑问词都以"ki-”开头,ki-的大致意思是“什么”:

Similar words starting with ti- (general meaning of "that") are related to the question words:
相似地,以ti-开头的(大致之意为“那个”),它与疑问词有关:

And words starting with ĉi- (general meaning of "all") are also related:
以ĉi-开头的表解词(大意为所有的):

All of these words (and more that we will learn as the course progresses) are part of a group of words in Esperanto called Correlatives (Eo: korelativoj). In Esperanto they are also called tabelvortoj because they can easily be arranged in one big table / chart.
这些单词皆为世界语中的相关词的一部分(其余的我们会在之后的课程中遇到),因为它们可以轻易地排列在一张表格中。因为它们能够通过一张表格中轻易地展示出来,所以它们又叫做表解词。
In this module we learn iam (at any time, sometimes, ever) and neniam (at no time, never) to round out the words ending with -am that relate to time.
在本节课中我们会学习到iam(某个时间)和neniam(永不,绝不)以及以-iam结尾与时间相关的单词。

Finally, here's an overview of all the correlatives that you have learned so far:
最后,这是目前所学的相关词的概述:

原文:www.duolingo.com/skill/eo/Time/tips-and-notes
翻译:vanilo