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长难句分析
P1
第一步，断开（依靠标点和连接词来定位从句，都没有的话就分析主谓，记得确认每个从句里谓语动词数量，定位准确后先看主句）
第二步，简化：去修饰（如形容词，副词，介词短语），找核心 （S主 V谓 O宾 C补 P表）
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P2
Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.
现在，国家最高专利法院似乎已经完全准备好缩减商业方法专利，自10年前首次授权以来，这些专利一直备受争议。
生词：patent 专利权；scale back缩减；controversial有争议的
主句：patent court(S) appears(V) ready(P) to scale back(C) 专利法庭似乎已准备好缩减
on business-method patents 修饰scale back 在商业办法专利方面
Now时间状语 the nation's top定语修饰主语
which have been controversial 一直以来有争议的，就近修饰business-method patents
ever since引导的部分修饰controversial
扩展：authorize 授权 realize 使…成真 recognize辨认出 organize组织 critisize批评 summarize总结
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P3
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
对商业方法主张的限制将是一个戏剧性的改变，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己在1998年所谓的道富银行案中引入了这类专利，批准了一项关于共同基金资产集合方式的专利。
生词：curb限制；about-face转变；Federal Circuit联邦巡回法庭；mutual-fund共同基金；pooling聚集
主句：Curbs on business-method claims(S)would be(V) a dramatic about-face(O)
从句：it was...that:典型强调句，句中强调:联邦政府(从句主语)它自己，引入这些专利.
with its 1998 decision, 补充说明patents，伴随着1998年的决议；
in the so-called... 修饰decision决议，在所谓的道富银行案中；
, approving... (逗号+doing 非谓语动词修饰整个句子的标志）修饰联邦政府干嘛了，批准了一项关于共同基金资产集合方式的专利。
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P4
The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its State Street Bank ruling.
联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的命令，称该案将由法院的所有12名法官审理，而不是由三名法官组成的典型小组审理，它想评估的一个问题是是否应该“重新考虑”其州街银行的裁决。
生词：panel of three三人小组；evaluate评价，评估；
主句：The Federal Circuit(S) issued(V) an unusual order(O)
stating,因为主句一主一谓都有了，所以多余动词state就要变非谓语动词，就近修饰order(主动陈述...的order，...就是后面的that从句)
and表并列(并列成分，词性相同，形式一致)。and that...从句跟前面的that从句并列，两个并列的宾语从句接着非谓语动词stating.
第二个从句中，wants / is / should "reconsider"(情态动词+动词原型)，三个谓语动词，继续断开。
whether前面部分， one issue(S) it(S) wants(V) to evaluate is(V)
主主谓谓结构，中间的一对主谓是(定语)从句（it wants to evaluate）修饰one issue
whether在is后面，引导的系表结构，表语从句
本句三个难点：
①平行结构，通过and并列连词，连接两个that宾语从句；
②嵌套结构，在第二个从句中还嵌套了两个小从句(通过判断谓语动词数量，知道是三件事)；
③分裂结构: , rather than... 两个逗号间的插入语，表强调，造成句子分裂。
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P5
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
在《引爆点》一书中，马尔科姆·格拉德韦尔（Malcolm Gladwell）认为，“社会流行病”在很大程度上是由极少数特殊个人的行为所驱动的，这些人通常被称为有影响力的人，他们见多识广、有说服力或人脉广泛。
生词：epidemics流行趋势；influentials有影响力的人；informed见多识广的；persuasive有说服力的；well connected人脉广的
主句：In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues
从句：
①argues that 动+宾，宾语从句。句中 "social epidemics" are driven为主谓："社会流行潮"被驱动;
in large part很大程度上，修饰driven驱动
by 跟着are driven(被动语态）强调被谁驱动：the actions行动；
什么行动？后面的of a tiny minority of special individuals极少数特殊个人的行动
often called influentials非谓语动词意群，修饰逗号前
②influentials, who 名+who，定语从句(加个逗号，非限制，额外说明influentials：他们见多识广、有说服力或人脉广泛。)
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P6
For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
然而，要发生社会流行病，每个受影响的人都必须影响自己的熟人，而熟人又必须影响他们的熟人，依此类推；而其他人关注这些人的数量与最初的有影响力的人关系不大。
生词：affected受影响的；acquaintances熟人；in turn依次,反过来；has little(nothing) to do with(sb.) 与...没什么(任何)关系
主句：For(引导目的)a social epidemic to occur, however(表转折), each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances，
从句：who引导定语从句，修饰acquaintances,;
and引出并列句(中间含有两个谓语动词:pay和has)，中间又包含一个how引出的主语从句，作主语(这个句子结束于第二个谓语动词has之前)；
has little to do with the initial influential修饰 many others
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P7
They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades" - the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.
他们发现，所谓的“全球级联”——通过网络广泛传播影响力——的主要要求不是少数有影响力的人，而是关键数量的易受影响的人的存在。
生词：principal首要的；cascade瀑布流；propagation传播；presence存在；critical至关重要的；mass一大群
①分裂结构：句中两个破折号很显眼，它们中间部分是插入语，额外补充说明；(也会用两个逗号或者括号, 成对标点,如后面的，rather，也是插入语)，分析句子时，先不看插入语，让句子连贯。
插入语：作用是解释说明或突出强调，位置是插入句子当中；
主句：They found
从句：that the principal requirement for宾语从句；
②嵌套结构：此时出现what 引导的宾语从句，修饰requirement，for what...介宾结构；
插入语后is...就是接前面that宾语从句的谓语动词；
is the presence not of a few influentials不是一些有影响力的人的存在，倒着翻译，A of B 也就是 B的A；
③平行结构：not...but...不是...而是...，并列连词词组；引导了两个of...介词短语平行并列。
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The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.
国际会计准则理事会表示，它不想在没有全面规划的情况下采取行动，但在今年晚些时候完成规则重建时，它面临着巨大的压力。
生词：overall planning全面规划；the pressure to fold让...屈服的压力；reconstruction重建
主句： The IASB says it does not want...主谓主谓，前面 The IASB says就是主句，后面是宾语从句，跟says组成动宾结构；这个断开的方法就是分析主谓；
从句：when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong里面有两个谓语动词：completes和is；所以when引导的时间状语从句结束于is前面。
而but the pressure to fold is strong是主句，时间状语从句位置在句首，句中，句尾都是可以的。
此句两个难点：①通过分析主谓来断开；②通过连接词和找出谓语动词来断开
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9
The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's in London on September 15rh 2008.
2008年9月15日，达米安·赫斯特（Damien Hirst）在伦敦苏富比拍卖行（Sotheby’s）拍卖了56幅作品《我的脑海中美丽永恒》（Beautiful Inside My Head Forever），这是艺术市场历史上一个世纪以来最长的牛市，以戏剧性的方式结束。
生词：bull牛市 bull market；run态势；dramatic戏剧性的；
主句：bull run ended牛市结束了
从句：其他全是修饰的介词短语或限定词，本质是个S+V简单句。
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10
But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.
但市场产生的利益远远超出了它的规模，因为它汇集了巨大的财富、巨大的自我、贪婪、激情和争议，这是其他行业无法比拟的。
生词：generate产生；interest利益；enormous egos越来越膨胀的自我；matched相称的，比得上；
主句：But the market(主) generates(谓) interest(宾) far beyond its size(介词短语，补充说明interest利益远远超过它的规模)
从句：because引导的原因状语从句， great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy长的意群，bring了这些。
怎样bring的？in a way...以...方式，matched过去式修饰way，被匹配的，by few other industries.几乎没有行业能与之匹敌
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11
Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.
几乎每一位接受本次特别报道采访的人都表示，目前最大的问题不是需求不足，而是缺乏好的作品可供销售。
生词：interview采访
主句：Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said， Almost everyone said是主谓，who...引导定语从句修饰everyone。
从句：that引导宾语从句，跟在said后面。从句中not...but...不是...而是... 平行结构
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12
This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.
这段情节体现了一个讽刺，即尽管美国男性在公共场合往往比女性多说话，但他们在家里却经常少说话。
生词：episode一段情节；crystallize使...具体化；irony讽刺
主句：This episode crystallizes the irony
从句：that although 两个连接词，一个从句刚开始，另一个从句又来了，嵌套结构。that从句里嵌套了although从句.
that引导的是同位语从句，针对irony讽刺进行解释说明；
为什么是同位语从句？that引导的从句they often talk less at home中不缺任何成分。
although引导的是让步状语从句，明让步 暗转折：尽管...但...
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13
In short, the image that best represents that current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.
简而言之，最能代表当前危机的形象是一个典型的卡通场景：一个男人坐在早餐桌前，面前举着一张报纸，而一个女人则怒视着报纸的背面，想要说话。
生词：in short简而言之；represent代表；stereotypical典型的，刻板的；glare at瞪着，怒视
主句：the image is the cartoon scene是核心主干，其他的介词短语，形容词和非谓语动词全是非核心的修饰部分。
从句：that best represents that current crisis定语从句，形容修饰image，什么样的image形象；
, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.时间状语从句，wanting和to talk都是非谓语动词，谓语动词只有glare
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14
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
柯蒂斯博士求助的公司——宝洁公司、高露洁棕榄公司和联合利华公司——投入了数亿美元，寻找消费者生活中的微妙线索，公司可以利用这些线索来引入新的套路。
生词：turn to求助于；subtle微妙的；cue提示，线索；introduce new routines引入新的惯例
两个破折号之间是插入语，分裂结构，先不看这部分。
两个that是连接词，整句中谓语动词有：turned, had invested(过去完成时态是个整体), could use(情态动词+动词原型也是个整体)
主句：The companies had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives S+V+O+OC
从句：①that Dr. Curtis turned to定语从句就近修饰companies；
②that corporations could use to introduce new routines.定语从句修饰cues线索
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15
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.
许多美国人将陪审团制度视为关键民主价值观的具体体现，包括所有符合最低年龄和文化水平的公民都有同等资格担任陪审团的原则；陪审员应从社区中具有代表性的群体中随机选出；任何公民都不应因种族、宗教、性别或民族出身而被剥夺担任陪审团成员的权利；被告有权接受同龄人的审判；判决应该代表社会的良知，而不仅仅是法律的文字。
生词：regard...as...把...认作为...；jury system陪审团制度；concrete expression具体表达；crucial关键的；meet符合,满足；minimal最低的,最小的；literacy读写能力, 文化水平；(be) competent (to do sth.)有能力的；on account of因为, 由于；defendant被告；be entitled to do sth.有资格去做；trial审判；peer同等的人；verdict审判；conscience of the community社会的良知
主句：Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values
从句：多个that从句，由；链接，典型的平行结构。平行结构也叫并列结构，多个成分并列，合为整体；可以是词，词组或从句。
各个成分需要词性相同，形式一致；并且需要由并列连词连接，如and，但是多个并列成分出现时，并列连词可以省略，只保留最后一个and。
本句由于太长，已经有多个逗号，所以各个并列成分之间采用分号连接，以作区别。
句中五个that同位语从句都是对the principles的解释说明, 是哪五大原则
第一个从句that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;中还包含了who引导的定语从句修饰citizens，结束于第二个谓语动词are前面，翻译时先看主干；
第二个从句that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;randomly后面连着三个介词短语作修饰，要注意；
第三个从句that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex or national origin;里面要注意be denied the right是被剥夺权利
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16
Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
尽管早在1880年的Strauder诉西弗吉尼亚州案中，美国最高法院就禁止了陪审团选择中的故意种族歧视，但选择所谓精英或蓝丝带陪审团的做法为规避这一法律和其他反歧视法律提供了一种方便的方式。
生词：prohibit禁止；intentioal故意的,蓄意的；racial discrimination种族歧视；case案件；v.对阵 versus vs.；practice惯例,做法；around this绕开,规避
注意，断开时如果标点或连接词所连接的前后部分不是句子，就不能断开。
主句：去掉介词短语和形容词，主干为：the practice provided a way
从句：Although引导让步状语从句，明让步暗转折，翻译为尽管...但...; 这个从句去掉形容词和介词短语，主干为：Although the Supreme Court had prohibited discrimination.
