开篇声明：

  由于http://btvt.info上由原作者Andrey Tarasenko先生团队所著文章被大陆大量不明引用源抄袭甚至断章取义，为了避免误人子弟以及造成更恶劣的影响，因此经过部分授权对原作者该篇文章进行完整搬运。期间也会进行个人的补充与评价，力图使读者能对苏联未来主战坦克计划中本该带领苏联陆军装甲部队进入21世纪的这些主战坦克与整个计划管中窥豹，对苏联的设计艺术与工业美学有初步了解。很明显，即使是这辆车本身也绝非是一两百字就能敷衍写完然后随便扣一个基于粗鄙认知的评价的。这辆车以及背后的设计思路之精妙远远不是什么“奇葩”这样的侮辱性词语及其使用者所配描述的（尤其是连直接抄这篇都能抄废了的情况下），其可能缺乏最基本的教养和建立在常识与受教育水平上的专业知识。

  最后，再次感谢原作者Andrey Tarasenko的倾力付出，与那些为一个又一个计划付出心血的，或闻名遐迩或默默无闻的苏联坦克设计工作者。无论如何，创作这篇文章所使用的大量文字与第一手图片素材资料绝非一日之功。

免责&权利声明: 全文中非个人注释段落均为原作者个人原文，不完全代表本人（转载翻译）自身的立场与想法，因而本人并不为该文造成的一切后果负责，但同时本人及原作者仍然保留对侵权行为进行追责的权利。本文版权素材禁止非授权运用。

前篇 :  CV13644399

（书接上回）……

Protection 防护

 04.04.74. Proskuryakov (VNIITM): - Protection should be differentiated and provide a firing angle of ± 25///35 degrees.  Types of protection: armor, active protection and disguise.  Armor must be significantly raised compared to the products "225" and "226". It is necessary to provide protection from a 120-mm NATO projectile with an increased initial velocity.  Without armor we won’t have a Tank.  Protection is not decided by the LOS thickness, but by new solutions.

04.04.74.珀斯卡亚科夫 (VNIITM): -保护应区分开来，并提供25///35度的射击角度。防护类型:装甲、主动防护和伪装。与“225”和“226”工程相比，装甲必须大幅提升，有必要提供能防止初速增加的120毫米北约射弹的全面防护。没有装甲，我们就没有坦克。而防护不是单纯由LOS厚度决定的，而是由新的解决方案决定的。

Maneuverability should be enhanced by hydromechanical transmission.  Isakov is doing it now with VNIITransmash for a 1500 hp engine.  This should increase the average speeds, reduce acceleration time, increase controllability, smoothly change the turning radius of the Tank, andensure maximum reversing speed.

机动性应该通过液力机械传动来提高。伊萨科夫现在正在用VNIITransmash为1500马力的发动机做这件事。这应该增加平均速度，减少加速时间，增加可控性，平稳地改变坦克的转弯半径，并确保最大倒车速度。

The Tank design solutions of the 21st century paid key attention to ensuring the protection of Tank components in accordance with their contribution to combat effectiveness. If the first (fuel) compartment had a frontal counter-missile protection at the level specified by the tactical-technical requirements, then the last compartment (of the crew) would be practically protected 2-2.5 times higher. Since the creation of projectiles with such a level of armor penetration is impossible in the foreseeable future, this design scheme makes it possible to ensure a high probability of a Tank survival in battle with a minimum mass of armor.

21世纪的坦克设计方案根据部件对战斗力的贡献，重点关注它们的防护。如果第一个(燃料)舱有技战术要求规定水平的正面反导弹保护，那么最后一个舱(乘员舱)的实际防护将高出2-2.5倍。由于在可预见的将来不可能制造出具有如此高装甲穿透力的射弹，因此这种设计方案使得以最小的装甲重量确保坦克在战斗中存活的高概率成为可能。

This approach to development of a Future Tank was grounded by A. A. Morozov back in the 70-s, after the completion of the design and the beginning of the large-scale production of the T-64A Tank. Details of the solutions are described in the diaries of the design of the Tank Object “450” on the topic “ 101” .

早在70年代，莫洛佐夫基于设计完成并大规模投产的T-64A坦克来尝试这种开发未来坦克的方法。决方案的细节在主题为“101”的“450工程”坦克的设计日记中有所描述。

Scheme of the Tank (in plan) with sequentially placed compartments:

按顺序放置隔间的坦克方案(平面图):

1 – front hull armmor前部车体装甲;  2 - fuel compartment燃料舱;  3 - fuel compartment cross wall燃料舱横壁;4 - engine compartment发动机舱;  5 - cross wall横壁;  6 - combat compartment战斗室;  7 – ammo compartment partitions弹药舱隔板;  8 - compartments of ammunition弹药舱;  9 - crew compartment cross wall乘员舱横壁;  10 - crew compartment乘员舱;  11 - firing angle of the most powerful attacking means α 最强攻击手段的射击角度α

The approach to the protectionof a future Tank is described in the article by A. I. Mazurenko, E. A. Morozov.  P. I. Nazarenko "Ways to increase the survivability of the Tank [Russ]."

A.I.马祖伦科、E.A.莫洛佐夫和P.I.纳扎连科在《提高坦克生存能力》的方法一文中描述了未来坦克的防护方式。

1and 2 - with the vertical placement of rounds in two automatic loader conveyors and the expendable mechanism in the center, “blow off” plates are made in the roof of the autoloader compartment;

图示方案1和2 -将炮弹垂直放置在两个自动装弹机传送带上，消耗性机构位于中间，在自动装载机室的顶部制造泄压板；

3 - with horizontal placement of rounds in two conveyors.  Blow off plates are made in the bottom of the compartment of the autoloader. The requirements for protection against top-attack projectiles required a significant increase of top armor of the Future Soviet Tank.

图示方案3则在两条传送带上水平放置炮弹。自动装弹机隔间底部设置有泄压板。对顶部来袭射弹的防护要求让未来苏联坦克的顶部装甲显著增加。

In the early version of the development of the project, the protection of the upper part of the nose assembly of the hull included a plate of steel 80 mm thick set at an angle of 60°.  A removable package (170 mm/60°) with tandem-installed active protection elements was installed on the plate, which were separated by a 50 mm steel plate. In its idea, such protection was similar to the “Duplet” ERA module installed nowadays on the “Oplot” Tank.

在项目开发的早期版本中，车体前部组件上方的防护包括一个设置为60度角的80毫米厚钢板。带有串联安装的主动保护组件（反应装甲）的可拆卸装甲(170mm/60)安装在其上，由50mm钢板隔开。它的这种防护类似于现在安装在“堡垒”坦克上的“利刃”ERA模块。

Armor protection of the turret was a combined structure with spaced apart (armor), combined with active [reactive] elements (front and side) armor.

炮塔的装甲防护是一个组合结构，由间隔开的(装甲)和主动［反应］元素(正面和侧面)装甲组合而成。

 The equivalent of protection from the upper hemisphere was 180...200 from explosively formed projectiles (EFP) and 600 from Cumulative ammunition (CE).  The only weak point of the Tank was top of the the turret in its central part,where the protection was 50 mm (5°).  However, even in the event of the destruction of this section by Cumulative ammunition or EFP, only one of the engines could be put out of action.

对于车体上半球的防护，大约是等效180-200mm（末敏弹），600mm（攻顶弹药）。坦克唯一的弱点是其中心部分的炮塔顶部，那里的防护是50毫米(只有5度)。然而，即使末敏弹和攻顶弹药破坏了这一部分，最大概率也只会有一个发动机可能停止工作。（注:而正常情况下对方非攻顶弹药根本不可能击中这里，所以对于常规战斗而言这几乎不是弱点）

 The roof of the ammunition compartment represented a combined structure with active elements and multi-layered armor; in the final version, the “ejection plates” were made in the bottom to reduce the weakened protection zones from above.

弹药舱的顶部是一个由主动防护和多层装甲组成的组合结构；在最终版本中，“泄压板”开设在底部，以尽量避免削弱顶部防御。

 The outer and central parts in the protective structures of the hull and the turret were made of high-hardness steel, the inner parts were of medium-hardness steel.  This made it possible to reduce the formation of a fragmentation flow when the penetrating elements were broken through.

车体和炮塔防护结构的外部和中部由高硬度钢制成，内部由中硬度钢制成。这使得在防护模块被穿透时减少碎片流的形成成为可能。

（注:哪怕结构钢也是防御的重要部分）

The final variant of the design of a 21-st century Tank had combined armor (steel + filler +  steel + ERA) located at an angle of 80° along all frontal part of the hull, this served both as protection against projectiles attacking from above.

21世纪坦克设计的最后一个构型使用复合装甲(钢+填充物+钢+ ERA)，沿着车体的所有前部成80度角布置，这既起到正面防护作用，又能抵御来自上方的射弹攻击。

a - longitudinal section纵向截面;  b - plan view with the turret and the hull roof removed拆除炮塔和车体顶部后的平面图;  1 - cannon主炮;  2 - turret炮塔; 3 - turret ring race炮塔座圈;  4 - cover of the automatic loader自动装弹机盖;  5 - crew compartment乘员舱;  6 - crew stern hatches乘员车尾舱门;  7 - loader compartment装弹机舱;  8 - engine compartment动力室;  9 - fuel compartment燃料舱;  10 - Tank hull;  11, 16 - engines引擎;  12, 15, 19, 20 - side gearboxes for transmitting power to the driving wheels of the front and rear contours侧变速箱，用于将动力传导至前后主动轮;  13, 14, 18, 21 - the driving wheels of the front and rear contours前后部分的主动轮;  17, 22 - tracks front and rear contours履带组诱导轮.

The protection arrangement included the layer of active elements of the protection scheme combined with a longitudinal compression of the filler (steel + reactive tile + filler) that improves protection up to ~40%. The total thickness was 260 mm at 80°. the Structure provided protection from munitions  attacking horizontally, but also protection from ammunition attacking from above.

防护组合包括方案中的主动部分层以及填料(钢+反应装甲块+填料)的纵向压缩，可将防护提高约40%，总体厚度为260毫米，呈80度布置。该结构提供防止来袭弹药进行水平攻击时的防护，但如前所述也能防止弹药从上方攻击。

The compartments of the Tank was separated by 20 mm bulkhead for fuel compartment and systems of the engine compartment. 20 mm bulkhead between 1 and 2 engines. Bulkhead with a size of 50 mm was installed in front of compartment of ammunition and crew. In the bottom of the crew capsule an escape hatch was provided, which also could be transformed in sanitary unit. Protection at the bottom of the hull was also differentiated 20, 50 and 100 mm (combined) in the areas of fuel and engine compartment; compartment of ammunition; crew capsule.

油箱的隔间有用于隔开燃料隔间和引擎系统隔间的20mm隔板，而在1号与2号引擎之间也有20毫米隔板，50毫米厚度的隔板则安装在弹药和乘员舱的前面。在乘员舱的底部设置了一个逃生舱门，也可以在卫生单元（注：应该就是厕所）中进行改造。在燃料和发动机舱区域、弹药舱和载员舱，车体底部的保护也有所区别，分别为20、50和100毫米。

该图为由钢铁科学研究所开发的几种反应装甲块（1990年代）。中间的为32Э，左边的组件则是Gofr。未来反应组件的尺寸是4C22系列的一半，有可能提供更大的防护面积。

Mobility 机动性

Located in the middle part of the Tank, in front of the crew compartment, the power plant provided additional protection for the crew.  The four-tracked undercarriage, due to such a layout scheme, significantly increases the survivability of the Tank during mine explosions.  Increased survivability also contributes to the separate execution of systems serving each engine.

动力装置位于坦克的中部，乘员舱的前面，为乘员提供了额外的保护。由于这种布局方案，四履带底盘显著提高了坦克在地雷爆炸中的生存能力。增加的生存能力也有助于为每个引擎服务的系统（在战斗中的）的单独运作。

On the basis of a Tank with two engines a family of vehicles using one or two engine can be created, depending on the type and purpose of the machine, on the mass and power consumed by the equipment (IFV, missile Tank and so on).

在具有两个发动机的坦克的基础上，可以根据机械的类型和用途、设备消耗的质量和功率(步兵战车、导弹坦克等)创建使用一个或两个发动机的车辆系列。（注：即490车族）

Requirements for mobility of Tanks are constantly increasing.  It is assumed that the average speed of the Tank of the near future when driving on dry dirt roads should be 50...55 km/h.  To achieve this speed, the specific power of the Tank must be at least 21...23 kW /t, and the maximum speed provided by the speed range of the transmission 80...90 km / h.

对坦克机动性的要求不断提高。假设在不久的将来，坦克在干燥的土路上行驶时的平均速度为50至55公里/小时。要达到这个速度，油箱的比功率必须至少为21至23 kW /t，以及由变速器在理论速度范围内提供的最大速度，即80至90公里/小时。

Overcoming natural and artificial obstacles, making passages using attached and built-in equipment requires an additional increase in the power of the power plant.

克服自然和人为障碍，使用附属和内置设备建造通道，则需要额外增加动力装置的功率。

One of the important measures to protect the Tank is to increase mobility for the purpose of effective maneuvering under fire (including reversing, without exposing the vulnerable rear of the Tank).  Studies show that due to defensive maneuvering on the battlefield, the probability of hitting a Tank decreases by 2-4 times, security increases by 1.5-2 times.  This applies in particular to protection against guided missiles. Thus, to increase the mobility of a Tank with a predicted weight (over 54 tons), a power unit with a capacity of 1320...1470 kW is required.

保护坦克的重要措施之一是增加机动性，以便在炮火下进行有效机动(包括倒车，而不暴露坦克脆弱的后部)。研究表明，由于战场上的防御机动，击中坦克的概率降低了2-4倍，安全性提高了1.5-2倍，这尤其适用于防御导弹。因此，为了增加预计重量(超过54吨)的坦克的机动性，需要一个单位达到1320至1470千瓦的动力装置。

High dynamic qualities of the Tanks in the capacity range combined with good fuel economy under light loads, it is possible to provide motors with two power levels (4TD – 800 and 1000 HP).

两种功率水平的发动机（4TD—800与1000马力）能为坦克在能力范围内的高动力品质与轻负载下良好的燃油经济性带来可能。

The second, lower, power level required for economical operation of the Tank with limited speed and relatively light traffic conditions.

第二个较低的功率水平，能在有限的速度和相对较轻的通过条件下，使坦克经济运行。

For future Tanks can be applied engine compartament with two identical engines, located in the middle part of the Tank, with transmission with hydrostatic drive of the turning mechanism. Reverse mechanism enables movement of the front and rear move at the same speed.

对于未来坦克，可以用现有单发动机与两个相同的发动机相比较。（后者）位于坦克的中部，传动装置采用液压驱动的转向机构。反向动力机构使前后移动速度相同。

Marching movement of the Tank in column was expected to perform stern-foremost. In the aft hatch of the driver there was a window and TV system for rear view. The chair was done turning 360°.

坦克在纵队中的行进运动预计将在车尾进行。乘员舱的驾驶员拥有一个视窗和电视系统用于后视，以及能旋转360度的座椅。

 

 The layout was made on the basis of two T-64A Tanks with a 5TDF engines.  The Tanks cut out the upper part of the body with fighting compartments; control compartment and the engine-transmission are connected in a single module.  Connected by the stern parts, they form a two-engine undercarriage model with four caterpillar contours.

布局是基于两个装有5TDF发动机的T-64A坦克底盘。坦克被战斗室分成两个部分；控制室和发动机-变速器连接在一个模块中。通过尾部连接，它们形成了一个双引擎底盘模型，具有四个履带。

The mass of the test rig was 35.6 tons. The side gearboxes of the rear part of the model are modernized so that they provide movement at a speed corresponding to the speed of movement of the front part.  In front of the vehicle engine management system was installed.

试验车的重量为35.6吨。该车型后部的侧变速箱进行了现代化改造，使其与前部运动速度相一致，并在车辆前面安装了发动机管理系统。

Each of the engines provides a power of 590…660 kW·with a short-term boost to 740 kW. Thus, the total capacity of the power plant reaches...1180 1320 kW, and power density of the layout 33...37 kW/t. This will ensure that the specific capacity of the Tank is equal to 29 kW/t.

每台发动机提供590至660千瓦的功率，短期功率提升至740千瓦。因此，动力装置的总容量达到了1180 1320千瓦，功率密度布局33至37 kW/t。这将确保坦克的比功率等于29 kW/t。

With this design, obviating the need for long-term development of a new Tank engine of high power. The proposed scheme increases durability and fuel efficiency of the power plant due to the efficient power utilization of one or both engines. See Tank power unit with two engines.

采用这种设计，避免了长期开发高功率新型坦克发动机的需要。由于一个或两个发动机的高效动力利用，所提出的方案增加了动力装置的耐久性和燃料效率。参见带两个发动机的坦克动力装置。

The chassis of the Tank was developed basing on Object “ 219” [T-80] elements (rollers and so on).

坦克的底盘是基于“219”工程[T-80]的组件(滚轴等)开发的。

Variants of the Tank were studied with ejection, combined (ejection+fan) and fan cooling.

在坦克构型上研究了采用喷气、组合(喷气+风扇)和风扇冷却的冷却方式。

For future Tanks of the 21-st century was supposed to use the engine 4TD, based on the design and techniques used on a serial produced engine 6TD-2. Installation of two engines 6TD-2 had excess capacity, in addition to reduce the size of the optimal was to install two engines of smaller size. Creating a new engine 4TD in the 90-s was not risky in  the technical aspects and lack of problematic issues. 4TD developed capacity in nominal and forced modes 800 and 1000 h/p.

对于未来的坦克，21世纪构型应该使用4TD发动机，基于6TD-2系列发动机的设计和技术。安装两台发动机的6TD-2本来产能过剩，除了缩小尺寸之外最优的是安装两台更小尺寸的发动机。在90年代制造一个新的发动机4TD在技术方面没有风险和问题。4TD增强了能力，在标准和增强模式下分别为800和1000 h/p。

Many years it took once clashed on the territory of the USSR Tanks developers in order to come to a conclusion –

多年来曾一度在苏联坦克研发领域上发生过的争论也得出了一个结论—

"As a result of our collaboration with the Kharkiv side, it was agreed to take the decision for further development of common procurement with the Kharkiv engine 6TD-2, but with supporting systems created in Tagil". E. B. Vavilonsky (head of Department of power plants, the leading designer Department design a new UKBTM).

“由于我们与哈尔科夫方面的合作，双方同意决定进一步发展与哈尔科夫发动机6TD-2的共同采购，但支持系统在塔吉尔创建”。

E. B. Vavilonsky(电厂部门负责人，设计新UKBTM的主要设计师部门)。

Another confirmation of the correct direction of the selected E. A. Morozov was a demonstration in October 2018 at the AUSA Symposium of the project of the prospective engine for armored fighting vehicles of the United States , created in the framework of the program "Advanced Combat Engine". They were the American equivalent 4TD created with the use of modern technology level.

2018年10月，在“先进战斗发动机”项目框架内创建的美国装甲战车潜在发动机项目AUSA研讨会上的演示再次证实了E. A .莫罗佐夫选定的正确方向。它们是利用现代技术水平制造的美国版本4TD。

 The 14.3-liter, four-cylinder, opposed 2-stroke engine was developed for the TARDEC of the US Army (Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center) in partnership with Cummins.  Power 1000 h/p at 2400 rpm. The engine is part of a 30-year modernization strategy for American armored vehicles.

这款14.3升四缸对置二冲程发动机是与康明斯合作为美国陆军TARDEC(坦克汽车研究、开发和工程中心)开发的。在2400转/分的转速下，功率为1000 h/p。该发动机是美国装甲车辆30年现代化战略的一部分。

Advantages of the E. A. Morozov’s project of the Tank of the 21st century 

莫洛佐夫21世纪坦克计划的优势

1. The maximum possible protection for the crew within the weight restrictions ~55 tons.

1.在重量限制范围内对乘员的最大可能保护，而达成这些只用了55吨。

2. The location of the crew in the least susceptible to fire area  at the rear of the Tank in a highly secure capsule.

2.车组高度安全的舱室位于坦克车体后部最不容易着火的区域。

3. Simple design of sighting complexes corresponding to the level of development of science and technology in the near future. The presence of a visual channel panoramic sight with an overview from the highest point of the Tank.

3.与近期科技发展水平相对应的，简洁的观瞄综合体设计。可视通道全景瞄准镜的存在，可从坦克最高点进行观察。

4. A simple schematic of an automatic loader without any restrictions on the length of the shot L=1400 (the active part of the APFSDS up to 1300 mm ) with fully automated of ammunition. All ammunition main armament is fully mechanized and located in an autoloader with a simple trajectory and kinematics of the delivery of the shot into the breech of the gun.

4.主炮能自动化、没有任何限制地射击长度1400毫米(APFSDS的有效部分可达1300毫米)的弹药。所有主要武器装备的弹药都位于一个完全机械化的自动装弹机中，而自动装弹机则有一个简单的方式将弹药送入后膛。

5. The possibility of movement forward and reverse at the same speed ( 75 km/h ).

5.以同样的速度(75公里/小时)进行前进或后退机动的可能性。

6. The ease of creating a family of vehicles with 1 or 2 engines and a convenient placement of troops and payload. For example, highly protected infantry fighting vehicles. A significant effect on the appearance of the Tank, along with the fundamental solutions of the basic units and systems, can provide: reduction of the functional tasks of Tanks in battle; the fixture to the Tank design as a basic machine for a family of armored vehicles and to the conditions of mass production; the need to preserve the possibility of further improvement during the life cycle of the machine.

6.轻松创建一个拥有1或2个发动机的车辆家族，并方便部队和有效载荷的放置。例如，高度防护的步兵战车。对坦克外观的显著影响，连同基本单位和系统的解决方案，可以提供 :  减少单一车型的坦克在战斗中的负担；设计上固定的坦克则可以作为一个车族的基型车和大规模量产的前提；能在设计的生命周期内保持进一步改进的可能性。

7. With the aim of increasing the survivability of the chassis it has a 4-bypass drive each valve. This gives the opportunity to the Tank when you break one of the lines (and even two on different sides) not to lose mobility.

7.为了提高底盘的生存能力，它有一个4旁路驱动阀。这就给了坦克在其中一条履带(甚至是两边不同的履带)损坏时不会失去机动性的机会。

8. Maximum protection of the crew capsule from the entire set of attack weapons, including chemical, bacteriological and radiation exposure, comfort in the crew compartment (the presence of sanitary devices, and the devices for cooking and air conditioning). Co-location of the crew radically solves the issues of mutual assistance and interchangeability, simplifies internal communication and duplication of functions of the Tank.

8.最大限度地保护乘员舱免受一系列攻击武器的伤害，包括化学、细菌和辐射暴露。而乘员舱内也有着适度的舒适性(拥有卫生设备以及烹饪和空调设备)。乘员同处一地从根本上解决了两者互助互换的问题，也简化掉了内部沟通和坦克部分功能重复的战位。

9. Maximum mine protection of the Tank and crew members;

9.对坦克和乘员的最大防雷保护；

10. Engines of the Tank have the ability to work in two modes:

10.坦克的发动机能够在两种模式下工作:

1) the maximum power when driving and heavy traffic conditions and in battle;

1）在交通繁忙的情况下以及在战斗中行驶时可以使用最大功率

2) in economic mode (~50% - when driving on good dirt roads and paved roads. Both modes should be equivalent to efficiency, providing the minimum specific fuel consumption. This is the most radical way of increasing Tank driving distance with a limited amount of fuel it carries.

2)在经济模式下(~50% 功率），应用于在良好的土路和铺装面路上行驶时。两种模式相当有效率，提供最低的比油耗。这是用有限的燃料增加坦克行驶距离的最激进的方法。

11. Replacement torsion bars with hydropneumatic suspension, in addition to the main goal - increase the average speeds due to the improved smoothness that gives adjustable clearance of the Tank, which increases its cross-country capacity and survivability in combat.

11.除了主要目标之外，用液压气动悬挂代替扭杆——由于提高了平滑度，使坦克的间隙可调，从而提高了坦克的越野能力和战斗生存能力，从而提高了平均速度。

In addition, controlled hydropneumatic suspension by changing the clearance of the machine allows to increase the angles of cannon laying in the vertical plane. Thus, the introduction of only one system increases the rates of mobility (direct effect), protection and firepower (side effect).

此外，通过改变机器的间隙来控制液压气动悬挂，可以增加主炮在垂直面上的仰俯角。因此，这个系统的引入增加了机动性(直接影响)、保护和火力(间接)的比率。

（原文完）

补充

  该构型准确的说一般称之为490工程（21世纪计划构型）。而根据后来的苏联未来主战坦克计划，一旦195工程等坦克无法在2001年大批量投产或在该时间段前出现了特殊情况，那么490工程（21世纪/2001）将会立刻上马替代投产，而490工程系列本身也包括在不同时间线开发的不同构型，所以有些时候为了方便简单区分也会将该车称为490工程（2001）。

  该车在苏联解体前只完成了一辆全尺寸模型与一辆底盘验证车，但该型坦克依然通过了设计验收，准确的说即便依旧处于研发状态但该项目至少在苏联时期从未被取消。其中底盘验证车不但在试验场上证明了自己，甚至有说法认为该底盘参与了切尔诺贝利事故的搜救行动。而不知出于什么原因，490工程（21世纪/2001）的全尺寸模型一直处于保密状态，甚至可能和验证车一样均已经遗失——即便我们根本无法想象那么大一个玩意是怎么丢失的，但毕竟在那悲剧的20年里甚至连叶利钦资助国外某XJ集团和乌克兰大量人口被公然贩卖的事情都发生过，那一辆坦克、一件模型的突然人间蒸发似乎也没什么大不了的了。

个人评价

  对于我个人来说，490工程（21世纪/2001）可以说是苏联坦克设计的巅峰之作，其在最轻的相对重量下达到了最强的机动、防护与火力三要素的平衡。而四履带独立液气悬挂、玻璃化可视操作、两人车组（对应的需要专业的类似战机地勤的保障单位）、全车APS和独立防护座舱以及充分利用外形及材料与隔舱设计打造的空前绝后的防护几乎是超越时代的革命性设计，而这一切的一切最终缔造了一辆就连外观都科幻到几乎不属于这个时代的坦克。母庸置疑，490工程（21世纪/2001）在设计上是苏联主战坦克乃至世界坦克中毫无争议的王者。

 但是另一方面，1985年该车基底设计完成后实际上仍然处于漫长的研发阶段，在2001年的最后界限前尚需整整30年的时间，也许在这段时间内根据各方面研发的追赶 和新项目的立项，苏联坦克工业可以获得至少堪用的子系统，但历史没有也许——苏联并没能撑到2001年，490工程（21世纪/2001）也因为积贫积弱的可悲继任者无力支撑而最终胎死腹中，没有庞大的工业体系，几十个工业部门和成千上万个生产单位，任何的可能性都只是可能性。因此实际上我并不认为俄罗斯混乱时期手中屈指可数的几样破烂能代表苏联在可能情况下30年后会达到的技术高度。不过单纯以工程定型时的八十年代末90年代初的状态来说，苏联科研部门对该短板的投入还远没到可以看见产出的程度，依靠综合光电和电视画面驾驶这样的设想至少在30至40年后才可能实现，这些问题依旧是该型战车是否能真正具备战斗能力的关键。

  同时，490工程（21世纪/2001）虽然在设计框架内出色地完成了设想指标，但是也依然出现了部分问题，比如无人炮塔并非真正意义上的全向射角，具体的装填机构实际上仍然需要优化（后期的计划似乎并不能做到任意角装填），对未来战场的设想过于理想导致的作战方向单一等等。不过这些地方依然未来可期，毕竟其实际上仍然处于在研发状态并且理论上还拥有着30年的周期可用于完善，最后一些改进措施也可能会继续使用，例如二号炮塔上更加丰富的武器配置等等，但这些现在也只能是设想——哪怕如今其实490工程（21世纪/2001）所需要的所有技术都已经实现，但一个资本主义的寡头国家在这一领域实际上是无论如何都负担不了这样的成本的。

  不过，瑕不掩瑜，该型坦克至少在设计和除了观瞄外的其余系统上都展示出了极为强悍的性能，唯独生在了一个悲剧的时代。毫无疑问，这样的坦克是社会主义制度的优越性的产物，工人与科研人员劳动的结晶，即便当时的苏联只剩下了这些优越性的其中一部分，但该车的计划依旧在那样的官僚压迫中幸存了下来。

  这辆坦克无疑属于真正的社会主义，而当这一切荡然无存时，一辆坦克也仅仅是泥沙俱下的浪潮中最不起眼的牺牲者之一，而作为这辆战车的“父亲”，E.A.莫洛佐夫为这个悲剧画上了最后的句号——他直到生命的最后一刻也未能看到自己心血的结晶从生产线上驶下，投入那已有也将有无数人为之献身的究极事业。

余波

目前来说，该型坦克只有在网游《装甲战争》中才能看到。而该车在加入游戏时做了一点符合时代，更接近2001年可能投产状态的改变，比如换装了更加现代的2A83主炮。而同时为了平衡考虑，在该车第一次于0.29版本正式加入前，制作组对其防护做了大幅度削弱并且没收了破甲弹与炮射导弹（之后所有使用2A83的战车都“继承”了这个“平衡”），而后续版本中该车又遭到了火控与机动方面的持续削弱。但是即便如此，目前该车依旧是T0级别的存在，在PVE与PVP和全球行动中都有极高的价值和可玩性。当然，别去找大气层里那几位要这要那的了，根本出不了，各种意义上都不可能。

当然，也最好别出。

我想以某些人低劣的美术素养估计也欣赏不了这些线条所勾勒而出的力量和对未来的向往。

最后的最后，这一杯就敬给未来吧。