制度缺失/ institutional voids

「释义」

制度缺失是指国家和市场缺乏体制性基础设施，比如法律制度/仲裁机制、资本提供者和就业机构。这些机构都在买方和卖方双方之间发挥着中介作用。

「应用场景」

现在先快速了解一下所谓“制度缺失”的意义。多数在美国或德国建立公司的创业家都深信，他们会得到多家机构的支持。比如法院维护产权、大学输送技术熟练的劳动力、信用评级机构提供有关供应商和采购商的重要信息。

Let’s look quickly at what I mean by institutional voids. Most entrepreneurs setting up a business in the United States or Germany can trust that an array of institutions will be in place to support them. For example, courts will uphold property rights, universities will provide a skilled workforce, and credit rating agencies will provide essential information about suppliers and buyers.

但上述很多支持都不存在于新兴市场，所以创业家要不自己填补一些漏洞，要不和其他人合作填补空缺。如果成功的新兴市场创业家能主动改造公司所处的制度环境，整个系统往往都会受益。

Many of those supports don’t exist in developing markets, though, so entrepreneurs need to either fill in some of the blanks themselves or work with others to do so. Successful emerging-market entrepreneurs actively shape the institutional context they work within, usually to the benefit of the entire system.

以上文字选自《哈佛商业评论》中文版2018年8月刊《当技术领先于社会》

塔隆·卡纳（Tarun Khanna）｜ 文

马冰仑 丨编辑