passage1

注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。

        While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible(易得病的，易受影响的)  to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

        Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones(hormones激素，荷尔蒙) somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(ovary [动]卵巢，[植]子房)  (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

        Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals((这里容易误解成：女人会服用更多剂量的压力的药品,看下列详解)), are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out(wear out精疲力尽)  from it more visibly and sooner.”

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1.a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals，如果这里是女人服用更多剂量的压力药，这就解释不通，如果是服用药的话，应该是服用降压药，而不是服用升压药。所以这里是指女人增加的更多的压力的化学物质。

2.It’s not necessarily that 主语 +don't do sth 这里翻译成，“未必主语不做sth”或者“不是一定主语不做sth”。 

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        Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot(一次性的，字面意思就是“一发子弹”)deals. The wear-and-tear(磨损，字面意思就是“磨损和撕裂”，wear有穿的意思，还有磨损的意思) that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating(毁灭性的，极具破坏力的).”

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1.devastating毁灭性的，极具破坏力的。也很好记：de向下+vast巨大的=陨落（向下）+庞然大物（巨大的）=庞然大物陨落=极具破坏力的，使庞然大物都能陨落。

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        Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

        Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations((法律上或道义上的)义务,责任), with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

一、文章结构分析

本文介绍了压力对女性健康造成的负面影响，并剖析其原因。

第一段和第二段主要说明男女由于生理上的差异，在相同的情况下面对压力时，女性可能更容易产生焦虑和沮丧；

第三段利用叶胡达医生的研究成果说明女性容易在压力面前表现出焦虑的原因：因为她们面对的压力比男性要多得多；

第四段指出男女面对的压力种类不同：女性面临的压力大多来自家庭内部且时常发生，而男性所面临的压力则大多是战争和具有偶然性的动态情况；

第五段是对第四段的一个举例说明；

最后一段指出在压力危及健康之前将其予以缓解的重要性。

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

21．根据前两段可知下面哪项正确？

[A] 女性生理结构决定其在压力面前更为脆弱。

[B] 女性仍然忍受着男性施加的压力。

[C] 在应对压力方面女性比男性更有经验。

[D] 面对压力时女性和男性表现出不同的倾向。

22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women.

[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress

[D] are exposed to more stress

22．耶胡达医生的研究表明女性 。

[A] 需要额外剂量的化学物质来处理压力

[B] 在忍受压力方面能力有限

[C] 更能避免压力

[D] 遭受更多的压力

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be.

[A] domestic and temporary

[B] irregular and violent

[C] durable and frequent

[D] trivial and random

23．根据第四段，女性面临的压力往往是 。

[A] 家庭内部的、临时的

[B] 无规律的、暴力的

[C] 长期的、频繁的

[D] 琐碎的、偶然的

24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that.

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check

24．第五段第五行的句子“I lived from paycheck to paycheck”表明 。

[A] 阿尔瓦雷兹只关心赚钱

[B] 阿尔瓦雷兹的收入几乎不能满足家庭开支

[C] 阿尔瓦雷兹通过不同的工作挣薪水

[D] 阿尔瓦雷兹几乎都使用支票付款

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Response to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

25．下面那一项是本文最好的标题？

[A] 压力的束缚：无路可逃？

[B] 对压力的反应：性别差异

[C] 压力分析：化学物质起作用

[D] 性别不平等：压力下的女性

二、核心词汇与超纲词汇

1. catch up 追上，赶上，补上

2. chronic a. 长期的，慢性的

3. diffuse v. 散布，传播；扩散

4. dose n. 一次服的药量；一份

5. expose v. 使暴露；揭示；使遭受

6. function n. 功能；效力

7. observe v. 遵守，奉行；观察

8. one-shot a. 只发生一次的

9. sphere n.球形；天体；范围，领域

10. stressed-out a. 极度焦虑的，非常紧张的

11. susceptible a. 敏感的，易受感动的

12. wear-and-tear n. 损耗，磨损

13. wear out 磨损，用坏；精疲力竭

三、阅读答案：A D C B D

四、全文翻译： 

        尽管在现代生活的某些方面女性仍在努力追赶男性，但至少在一个不太好的方面，女性显得遥遥领先。据纽约退伍军人管理医院的首席精神病医师耶胡达说，“在面对压力时，女性比男性更易患抑郁和焦虑症”。

        对动物和人类的研究表明：性激素以某种方式影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。一些研究显示，如果将承受压力达到极限的雌鼠的卵巢(雌性生殖器官)切除，那么其体内的化学反应会和雄鼠相同。

        使女性因压力产生的化学物质增多的问题更加严重的是，她们承受压力的“机会”越来越多。耶胡达医生说，“这未必是因为女性不能调节压力，而只是因为她们承受的压力太多”。耶胡达医生还说，“女性忍受压力的能力甚至可能比男性更强，但只是由于她们应对的事情太多以至于疲劳得更快更明显。”

        耶胡达医生还注意到了两性间的另一种差别。“我认为女性应对的事情通常具有长期性、反复性特点。男性参加战争，承受战斗压力，那更多的是偶然的身体上的暴力。而女性遭受的人际间的暴力却多发生在家庭内部，不幸的是这种暴力来自于父母或其他家庭成员，且通常都不是一次性的。这些长期的人际关系产生的摩擦具有很大破坏力。”

        阿德琳·阿尔瓦雷兹 18 岁结婚并育有一子，但她却决定要完成大学学业。“为了获得大学学位我拼命努力。我的生活极其不如意，上学、取得进步、做得更好成为我摆脱现实困境的途径。”后来，她离了婚，成了单身母亲。“照顾一个十来岁的孩子、找工作、交房租、养车、还债款。为了生存，我必须不停地赚钱。”

        并不是每一个人都像阿德琳·阿尔瓦雷兹一样承受这种长期严重的压力。但是现在大多数的女性都承担着许多责任，很少有放松的时候，感到身心俱疲。阿尔瓦雷兹的经历说明，在压力影响到你的健康和生活能力之前寻找途径予以缓解是相当重要的。