【龙腾网】中国古代的发明是如何影响世界的?

正文翻译

How did ancient Chinese inventions influence the world?

中国古代的发明是如何影响世界的?

评论翻译

Annie Ruth Harrison
We have much to thank China for. Ancient Chinese inventions are amazing. And our world wouldn’t be the same without them. If you think our world runs on products that are now “Made in China,” wait until you see just how innovative the Chinese were in ancient times. For example:
1.Paper. Around 105 AD a eunuch in the Han court created paper by mixing hemp, tree bark, old fishing net, old linen together and breaking it down with lye. It’s come a long way but where would we be without paper?!
2.The Suspension Bridge. By 90 AD, they had moved away from rope bridges and designed more intricate architecture that led to the modern suspension bridge.
3.Gun Powder! Around the year 1000 AD, while trying to find the elixir for eternal life, gun powder was accidentally discovered instead.

4.Fireworks! Gunpowder was used by the Chinese to make fireworks, as well as other military grade weapons. (Thanks 華.Teddy for your added information.)

5.Silk. Sometime between 4000 and 3000 BC silk because popular. They guarded the secret for how to make it for centuries. It was so popular that trading for it became the basis of the Silk Road.

我们应该感谢中国。古代中国发明非常惊人。如果你认为我们的世界运行在现在“中国制造”的产品上，那么等你看到中国古代有多么具有创新性之后，你就会知道我们的世界将不再是同样的世界了。例如：
1.纸张。公元105年，汉朝宫廷内的一个太监将大麻、树皮、旧渔网和旧亚麻混合在一起，并用烧碱分解，制造了纸张。尽管现如今已经发展了很长一段时间，但如果没有纸张，我们将会在哪里呢？！
2.吊桥。公元90年，他们已经摆脱了绳桥并设计出更加复杂的建筑结构，这导致了现代的吊桥。
3.火药！在公元1000年左右，人们想要寻找长生不老的灵药时，意外地发现了火药。
4.烟花！中国人使用火药制造烟花，以及其他军用武器。（感谢華.Teddy提供的额外信息。）
5.丝绸。在公元前4000到3000年间，丝绸变得越来越流行。他们保守了制造丝绸的秘密数个世纪。它如此受欢迎，以至于为之交易成为丝绸之路的基础。

6.Abacus. These early calculators may have originated with Sumeria or China first. They are still in use today ( I use one to teach my daughter mathematics with.)
7.The compass. The precursor to our GPS, and still widely used today is the compass and it was created/discovered during the Han Dynasty.
8.Printing. Moveable type and the ability to print was discovered.
9.Porcelain. It was discovered in China in the Tang Dynasty and was used to sell and trade on the Silk Road.
10Umbrella. Next time it rains and you pull out your umbrella you can be thankful to China. In 21 AD the first collapsible umbrella was made.
11.Toilet paper. That’s right, this alone means we owe an unplayable debt to China. It was invented in 6th century China.
12Clock. The first mechanical clock was made by a Buddhist monk in 725 AD. It used dripping water to make a resolution of 24 hours.
13.Toothbrush. Thank China for your sparkling smile. The toothbrush was invented in 1498 AD by making bristles from horse hair attached to bone or bamboo handles.

6.算盘。这些早期计算器可能起源于苏美尔或中国。今天它们仍在使用中（我使用它来教学我的女儿数学）。
7.指南针。我们GPS的前身，至今仍广泛应用的是指南针，是在汉代发明/发现的。
8.印刷。可移动印刷和印刷能力被发现。
9.瓷器。唐朝时期在中国发现了瓷器，并被用于丝绸之路贸易。
10.雨伞。下次下雨时你拿出雨伞，你可以感谢中国。公元21年，第一折叠伞制造了。
11.厕纸。没错，仅凭这一点，我们就欠中国无以复加的债。它在6世纪中国被发明。
12.钟表。第一台机械钟表于公元725年由一位佛教僧侣制造。它利用滴水来精确测量24小时。
13.牙刷。感谢中国让你笑容灿烂。牙刷是在公元1498年发明的，通过将马毛制成刷毛，并附加到骨头或竹子手柄上
華.Teddy

I have to touch on the gunpowder and fireworks part.
1.Fireworks were signs of death in China at first because it was used by militaries along with flares as signalling devices. Only later was it used during festivals.
2.We definitely created very lethal gunpowder weapon systems. In fact, most of them would be “adopted” by the rest of the world.
3.We invented at least 60% of all the weapon systems that are still currently in use. From things like guns, artillery, grenades, bombs, land & naval mines, to rockets, rocket launchers, multi-stage rockets and many more, including multiple variants of each system, many which are still in use.
So no, the myth that China only had gunpowder as fireworks is just that, a myth, we created much of what is still in use today. In fact, most systems today are multiple improvements and/or combinations of those inventions, though this not in denial that those improvements and combinations are extremely innovative as well and this by no means will take away any value from them.

我需要补充一下有关火药和烟花的部分。
1.最初，烟花在中国被视为死亡的象征，因为它是军队使用的信号装置之一，连同信号弹一起使用。直到后来才被用于节日庆典上。
2.我们确实创造了非常致命的火药武器系统。事实上，它们中的大部分都被其他国家“借鉴”了。
3.我们发明了至少60%的仍在使用的武器系统。从枪支、炮兵、手榴弹、炸弹、陆地和海上的地雷，到火箭、火箭发射器、多级火箭等等，包括每个系统的多个变体，其中很多仍在使用。
所以，中国只是将火药用于烟花的说法是错误的。我们创造了许多现今仍在使用的武器系统。实际上，今天的大多数系统都是那些发明的多次改进和/或组合，虽然这并不否认这些改进和组合也极具创新性，这绝对不会削弱它们的任何价值。

Annie Ruth Harrison
Wow! Now that’s amazing! Thank you for sharing. I find pieces of information like this about China extremely interesting! I’ll edit my answer.

哇！太神奇了！谢谢您分享。我发现这样关于中国的资讯非常有趣！我会修改我的答案。
華.Teddy

Don’t worry about it, Chinese history is vast and complex, even we ourselves get it wrong sometimes hahaha.
But thank you for taking the time and effort to spread knowledge of our achievements. Many of the simpler ones do get taken for granted today.

不用担心，中国历史广博而复杂，有时我们自己都会弄错哈哈哈。但是，谢谢您花时间和精力传播我们的成就。很多简单的成就今天确实被视为理所当然。

Annie Ruth Harrison
I absolutely love China’s history and culture. I intend to spend the rest of my life learning what I can. Some of these I knew, but many I didn’t (and many I left out or this would a forever long answer) and I really enjoyed the reading to put this answer together.

我非常喜欢中国的历史和文化。我打算花费余生学习我所能了解的一切。我知道其中一些，但很多我不知道（我还省略了很多，否则这将是一个无限长的答案），我真的很享受整理这个答案的阅读过程。

Dhilpreet Singh
Eye-opener❗
Please provide lixs for further burrowing on the idea that gunpowder was militarised in ancient China, as well as weapon systems - particularly those which are still in use.
If true, then one of the primary reasons given for western hegemony post-1500 AD, is significantly diluted.

开了眼界！ 请提供有关火药在古代中国被军事化以及武器系统（特别是那些仍在使用的）的进一步挖掘的链接。 如果属实，那么15世纪后西方霸权的一个主要原因就被大大削弱了。

Christopher Bhe
If you are really interested, you should read this book. It describes how China continually experimented with gunpowder weapons, creating a wide variety of weapon types, of which guns were only one. During the Renaissance, the gun then appeared in Europe almost fully developed overnight (in historical terms). This points towards technological transfer from China to Europe.
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History: Andrade, Tonio: 9780691178141: Amazon.com: Books

如果你真的感兴趣，你应该读这本书。它描述了中国不断地尝试火药武器，并创造了各种各样的武器类型，其中枪只是其中之一。文艺复兴时期，枪几乎在欧洲一夜之间全面发展起来（在历史上看来是如此）。这表明了技术从中国传输到欧洲。《火药时代：中国、军事创新和西方在世界历史中的崛起》

Michael Wu
You can also add the rudder, wheelbarrow, drilling rigs, paper currency, playing cards, civil service exams and most important tea. There are more, but I don’t think you have space for them.

你还可以加上舵、手推车、钻机、纸币、扑克牌、科举考试以及最重要的茶。还有更多，但我认为你没有空间写。

Peter Chen
An excellent answer, Ms Harrison. My respects.
Permit me to add a few more inventions of ancient China that I can think of offhand.
The iron plow, crop rotation, closed loop agriculture, bulkhead compartmentalization in ships.

非常优秀的回答，哈里森女士。我敬重您。 请允许我再补充一些我能想到的古代中国发明。 铁犁、轮作制度、封闭循环农业、船舱隔离。

Jake Darmawan
the biggest canal build in china helped inspired venice canal technology through marco polo
and noodleess
and shipsssss.
and crossbow
and pagoda :)

中国修建的最大运河启发了威尼斯运河技术的发展，这一点通过马可·波罗得以实现。还有面条、船只、弩和宝塔。 :)

Jake Darmawan
and paper lanternnnnn
and PAPER MONEY, How can we forget about that
and Teaaaaaaa

还有纸灯笼、纸币，我们怎么能忘记它们呢？还有茶。。。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Richard Wang
Saddles and stirrups. It first appeared in northern China. It spread to the West, giving rise to the class of cavalry and knights.

马鞍和马镫。它最早出现在中国北方。它传到了西方，催生了骑兵和骑士阶级的产生。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Dhilpreet Singh
Amazing - an eye-opener❗
Please provide lixs for further burrowing on the idea that gunpowder was militarised in ancient China, as well as weapon systems - particularly those which are still in use.
If true, then one of the primary reasons given for western hegemony post-1500 AD, is significantly diluted.
China's mean IQ is higher than almost all, other than the possible exception of some smallish ones, eg Israel and Singapore. Combined with an humongous total population and extensive access to quality education, it is easy to see why the likes of Martin Jacques are so upbeat about the PRC.☺️
Western hegemony - a 5 centuries-old aberration - is dissolving before our very eyes…

中国的平均智商比几乎所有其他国家都高，除了以色列和新加坡等一些小国可能是例外。加上庞大的总人口和广泛接触高质量教育，很容易看出像马丁·雅克这样的人为什么对中国这么乐观了。☺️ 西方霸权——一个持续了5个世纪的反常现象——正在我们眼前消失...

Understanding China
The Chinese people contributed to the world's technical inventions and scientific knowledge represented by papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass.
Today, I want to talk about papermaking and printing.

中国人民通过纸张制造、印刷、火药和指南针等技术发明和科学知识为世界做出了贡献。 今天，我想谈一谈纸张制造和印刷。

Papermaking and printing have made important contributions to promoting the development of human civilization. The invention of the paper provides mankind with proper material to write on. The invention of printing saves large amounts of writing time and accelerates the production and spreading of knowledge.

纸张制造和印刷对促进人类文明的发展做出了重要贡献。纸张的发明为人类提供了适当的书写材料。印刷术的发明节省了大量的书写时间，加速了知识的生产和传播。