教育管理学_研究生课程_04

Individuals in Schools

NEEDS：

Hierarchy of Needs: Basic Needs

Three fundamental postulates Individual needs are universal and arranged in a hierarchy. Unfilled needs lead individuals to focus exclusively on those needs. Lower-level needs must be largely satisfied before higher-level needs can be felt and pursued.

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Assumptions: 1.There are two separate sets of factors in explaining work satisfaction and dissatisfaction. 2.Motivators tend to produce satisfaction and hygiene factors tend to produce dissatisfaction.3.Work satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not opposites,but rather separate and distinct dimensions.

Need for Achievement

Need for Autonomy

Origins perceive of themselves as the origin or source of their intentions to act.

Pawns see themselves in a game controlled by others and powerless to determine their actions.

Beliefs：

·Beliefs about Causality

·Beliefs about Ability

·Beliefs about Fairness

·Beliefs about Outcomes

·Beliefs about Capability

Goal-Setting Theory：

Motivation An internal state that stimulates ,directs, and maintains behavior.

案例分析： P170

根据案例背景作为选择并列理论的原因

薄弱学校 城市学校 角色期待（外界冲突 社会认知） 从背景——心理层面

Q1:Y变量中学生占大多数，老师只有部分因变量

促进学生发展：参与、出勤率（当下目标）；成绩

大量学生不来，早餐服务都不来，学校没有吸引力