核污水和核废水的区别是什么？千万不要弄混了！
最近，大家谈论最多的就是“核污水”。那么，什么是核污水？它和核废水一样吗？今天我们就来学习一下↓
23日航拍福岛第一核电站排海口附近画面 图源：央视新闻
————————————————
Japanese government announced Tuesday it has decided to start releasing nuclear-contaminated wastewater from the crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the ocean on Thursday, weather conditions permitting. Despite raging opposition from both home and abroad, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced the controversial decision following a ministerial meeting held on Tuesday morning.
日本政府22日宣布，决定在天气条件允许的情况下，于24日开始将受地震破坏的福岛第一核电站的核污染水排入大海。尽管核污染水排海计划遭到国内外强烈反对，日本首相岸田文雄仍在22日上午召开阁僚会议后宣布了这一有争议的决定。
contaminate/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/动词，表示「污染」
英文解释为：If something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful.
例句：Have any fish been contaminated in the Arctic Ocean?
北冰洋里有鱼受到污染了吗?
积累一个词条：核污染水nuclear-contaminated wastewater
cripple/ˈkrɪp(ə)l/表示「受损或残破」
（to seriously damage or harm sb/sth）
例句：The pilot tried to land his crippled plane.
飞行员试图驾驶损坏严重的飞机着陆。
作为名词时，还表示「伤残人；残疾人；跛子；瘸子」
英文解释为：a person who is unable to walk or move normally because of a disease or injury比如：She has gone from being a healthy, fit, and sporty young woman to being a cripple.
她从一个健康、强壮、爱好体育运动的年轻姑娘变成了一个残疾人。
这个词在这里用于描述福岛第一核电站的状况。
raging/ˈreɪdʒɪŋ/形容词，表示「强烈的」（ very strong ）
例如：a raging appetite/thirst
极强的食欲；口渴难耐
此外，这个词也形容「极其强大的；猛烈的」（very powerful ）
例句：The stream had become a raging torrent.
小溪变成了一条汹涌的急流。
给大家延伸一个短语：fly into a rage 表示「勃然大怒」
这里raging opposition表示「强烈反对」
controversial/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃ(ə)l/表示「引起争论的；有争议的」(causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement )
例句：Winston Churchill and Richard Nixon were both controversial figures.
温斯顿•邱吉尔和理查德•尼克松都是有争议的人物。
核污水 ≠ 核废水
日本政府与东电在官方文件中，都坚持把福岛水罐里的水称作“处理后的核废水”（treated nuclear wastewater）。但中国与绝大部分国家、国际组织都称其为“核污染水”（nuclear contaminated wastewater）。
二者有本质的不同。
核废水是指核电站在正常日常活动中产生的废水，如用于冷却核电站关键部分的水。
Nuclear wastewater refers to the wastewater produced in the normal daily activities of nuclear power plants, such as the large quantities of water used to cool down the key parts of nuclear power plants.
这些水不会接触到核反应堆中的放射性物质，经过严格处理后，可以通过管道排出。
核污染水指在事故中直接接触反应堆中放射性物质的水，由于受到沾染而具有高度放射性。
Nuclear contaminated water means the water that directly touches the radioactive substances in the reactors in accidents, which has itself become highly radioactive.
这种水要严格存放，经过多道工序处理、专家评估效果后才能允许被排放到海洋里，否则其带来的生态风险将不可估量。
Representatives of the country's fishing industry on Monday reiterated their firm opposition to the ocean discharge plan during Kishida's meeting with the head of Japan's national fisheries federation in hopes of gaining understanding.
21日，岸田文雄与日本全国渔业联合会会长举行会谈，就核污染水排海计划向日本渔业从业者寻求理解。日本渔业代表重申了他们对该计划的坚决反对。
Hit by a magnitude-9.0 earthquake and an ensuing tsunami on March 11, 2011, the plant suffered core meltdowns that released radiation, resulting in a level-7 nuclear accident, the highest on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale.
2011年3月11日，受9.0级地震和海啸双重影响，福岛第一核电站发生堆芯熔毁，导致放射性物质泄漏。福岛核泄漏事故属于7级，这是国际核事件分级表中分类为最严重的等级。
fishing industry表示「渔业」
industry除了表示「工业」之外，在政经类翻译中，常常表示「行业」（the people and activities involved in producing a particular thing, or in providing a particular service）
比如：the steel industry 钢铁业the catering/tourist, etc. industry 餐饮、旅游等行业
firm/fɜːm/这个单词本义是形容「坚固的；坚硬的；结实的」，但在这里表示「坚定的；确定的；坚决的」（not likely to change）
例句：We have no firm evidence to support the case.
我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。
这里给大家延伸3个习语：
be on firm ˈground 表示「（在辩论等中）立场坚定，对事实确信无疑」（to be in a strong position in an argument, etc. because you know the facts）
例句：Everyone agreed with me, so I knew I was on firm ground.
每个人都同意我的意见，所以我知道自己立场稳固了。
a firm ˈhand 表示「牢固控制；严格纪律；铁腕」（strong control or discipline ）
例句：Those children need a firm hand to make them behave.
那些孩子得严加管教。
take a firm line/stand (on /against sth)表示「（对…）采取坚定的立场（或态度）」英文解释为：to make your beliefs known and to try to make others follow them
例句：We need to take a firm line on tobacco advertising.
我们需要对烟草广告采取强硬的态度。
meltdown/ˈmeltdaʊn/作为名词，这个单词表示「核反应堆核心熔毁（导致核辐射泄漏）」（ a serious accident in which the central part of a nuclear reactor melts, causing harmful radiation to escape）
例句：Scientists warned that emergency cooling systems could fail and a reactor meltdown could occur.
科学家们警告说紧急冷却系统可能失灵，核反应堆的堆芯熔毁可能会发生。
此外，这个单词也表示「(公司、机构、系统等) 突然崩溃」（The meltdown of a company, organization, or system is its sudden and complete failure.）
例句：Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.
紧急谈判正在进行中，以防止市场在夏天陷入金融崩溃。
The plant has been generating a massive amount of water tainted with radioactive substances from cooling down the nuclear fuel in the reactor buildings, which are now being stored in about 1,000 storage tanks.
为冷却反应堆建筑中的核燃料，产生了大量被放射性物质污染的水，这些核污染水目前储存在大约1000个存储罐中。
In 2015, the Japanese government and the Tokyo Electric Power Company, the operator of the plant, made an agreement with fisheries cooperative associations of both Fukushima prefecture and the nation that they would not proceed with any wastewater disposal "without the understanding of relevant parties."
2015年，日本政府和福岛第一核电站运营商东京电力公司与福岛县渔业协会联合会和日本全国渔业协会联合会达成共识，在没有得到利益攸关方的理解前，不会对核污染水采取任何处置措施。
disposal/dɪˈspəʊz(ə)l/作为名词，表示「去掉；清除；处理」（the act of getting rid of sth）
比如：a bomb disposal squad 炸弹清除小组
这里延伸一个习语 at sb's disposal 表示「任某人处理；供某人任意使用；由某人自行支配」英文解释为：available for use as you prefer/sb prefers
例句：He will have a car at his disposal for the whole month.
他将有一辆汽车归他使用一个月。
relevant/ˈreləvənt/作为形容词，这个单词表示「紧密相关的；切题的」（closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about）
例句：These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.
这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。
这里 "Understanding of relevant parties"表示利益攸关方的理解，用于描述与决策相关的各方的意见。
According to a TEPCO report, as of June 2022, even after being treated by the ALPS, 70 percent of the nuclear-contaminated water still exceeded the limit set by Japan itself.
据东京电力报告称，截至2022年6月，即使经过ALPS处理，70%的核污染水仍然超出了日本自己设定的限值。
A total of 88.1 percent surveyed expressed concerns over the government's plan to discharge treated radioactive wastewater into the ocean, as the disapproval rate of the Kishida-led cabinet rose to an eight-month high, according to the latest opinion poll conducted by the national news agency Kyodo.
日本共同社最新民调显示，岸田文雄领导的内阁反对率升至八个月来新高，88.1%的受访者对日本政府的放射性核污染水排海计划表示担忧。
discharge/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/在描述气体、液体时表示「排出；放出；流出」（when a gas or a liquid discharges or is discharged , or sb discharges it, it flows somewhere）
例句：The river is diverted through the power station before discharging into the sea.
这条河改道经水电站后流入大海。
此外，也表示「准许（某人）离开；解雇」（to give sb official permission to leave a place or job; to make sb leave a job）
比如：Patients were being discharged from the hospital too early.
病人都过早获准出院。
短语 discharge of 表示「卸下」
poll/pəʊl/表示「民意调查」（the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinion ）
例句：A recent poll suggests some surprising changes in public opinion.
最近的调查反映民意有了出人意表的变化。
此外，这个单词也表示「选举投票；计票」（the process of voting at an election; the process of counting the votes ）
例句：The final result of the poll will be known tomorrow.
投票结果将于明天公布。
核污染水排海有何危害
放射性物质广泛扩散，造成放射性污染
Widespread dispersal of radioactive material resulting in radioactive contamination.
长期影响生物多样性
Long-term impacts on biodiversity
对周边国家海洋环境和公众健康造成影响
Impacts on the marine environment and public health in neighboring countries
负面影响长期存在，或造成基因损害
Negative effects are long-lasting or cause genetic damage
核污染水排海对日常生活有何影响？
长期看来，对食品、护肤品、衣服等有一定影响
In the long run, it seems to have an effect on food, skin care products, clothes, etc.
海鲜可能会受不同程度影响
Seafood may be affected to varying degrees
或将祸及餐桌安全
It could be a disaster for safety at the table.
人体局部癌变风险增大
Increased risk of localized cancer in the body.
其他相关词汇
福岛核电站 Fukushima nuclear plant
同位素 isotope
放射性同位素 radioisotope
核反应堆 nuclear reactor
用海水给反应堆降温 cool down the nuclear reactor with sea water
半衰期 half-life
氚 tritium
处理放射性水 dispose of radioactive water
处理过但仍旧有放射性的水 treated but still radioactive water
————————————————
