《经济学人》双语：美国大学教师招聘要求多样性声明？(Part 2)

原文标题：
Universities
New testaments
Mandatory diversity statements are taking hold of academia
大学
新约
学术界正在强制要求多样性声明

American universities are hiring based on devotion to diversity
美国大学的招聘要求多样性方面的贡献

[Paragraph 8]
The dark side黑暗面

Whether such a process privileges candidates of certain ethnic backgrounds over others is a sensitive question with legal implications.
这种筛选程序是否优先考虑某些族裔背景的候选人，这是一个具有法律影响的敏感问题。

“It doesn’t appear that there’s any kind of correlation between particular identities and the quality of statements,” says Karie Frasch, the director of Berkeley’s Office of Faculty Equity and Welfare.
伯克利教师公平与福利办公室主任卡里·弗雷什称：“特定身份和声明质量之间似乎没有任何关联。”

When asked to clarify whether that meant scores did not differ by race, Dr Frasch says, “I’m not saying that. We don’t have that information. I shouldn’t have said the word ‘correlation’. I apologise.”

当被问及这是否意味着分数不因种族而异时，弗雷什博士说，“我可没这么说，我们没有相关信息，道歉，我不应该说‘相关性’这个词。”

[Paragraph 9]
Berkeley is an important case study, not necessarily because it is the most extreme but because it is the most transparent.

伯克利是一个重要的案例研究，未必是因为它最极端，而是因为它这个案例最透明。

The University of California, Los Angeles has embraced diversity statements in hiring and tenure decisions even more fervently, but does not feel the need to explain its policies.
加州大学洛杉矶分校在招聘和任期决定中更热衷多样性声明，但学校认为不必对政策作解释。

A spokesperson said that Anna Spain Bradley, a law professor who serves as vice-chancellor for equity, diversity and inclusion, was unavailable for comment.
一位发言人表示，负责公平性、多样性和包容性的副校长兼法学教授安娜·西班尼·布拉德利不予置评。

[Paragraph 10]
Critics worry about the proliferation of diversity criteria in science.批评者担心多样性标准会在科学界泛滥。

Beginning this fiscal year, the Department of Energy, which funds research on nuclear and plasma physics among other things, will require all grant applications to submit plans on “promoting inclusive and equitable research”.
从本财年度开始，资助核物理和等离子体物理等研究项目的能源部提出新要求，即所有资助申请项目都将需要提交“促进包容性和公平性研究”的计划。

Since 2021 the BRAIN Initiative at the National Institutes of Health has required prospective grantees to file a “plan for enhancing diverse perspectives”. Teams with investigators from diverse backgrounds receive precedence.
从2021开始，美国国立卫生研究院的“大脑计划”要求未来的受资助者提交一份“增强多样性的计划”。优先考虑背景多样性的团队。

[Paragraph 11]
“People are unwilling to push back because they are afraid to lose their funding, and no one wants to become a martyr for defending reason,” says Anna Krylov, a professor of chemistry at the University of Southern California.
南加州大学化学教授安娜·克里洛夫说：“人们不愿抵制，因为他们害怕失去经费，没有人愿意当炮灰。”

Professor Krylov studied in the former Soviet Union and sees parallels that are “a little too close”. Rather than Marxism-Leninism, “you really have to pledge your commitment to critical social justice.”
克里洛夫教授曾在前苏联学习过，她看到了“很近”的相似事情。你不仅要宣誓效忠马～列主义，“你还在重要的社会正义方面做出贡献。”

[Paragraph 12]
If race-based affirmative action for college admissions is struck down by the Supreme Court, as most expect it will be this year, universities will surely resort to creative means of maintaining diversity that can survive judicial scrutiny.
如果“种族优先”的大学录取平权行动被最高法院终止，那么今年大学肯定会采取新措施来保持“多样性”，以避免司法审查。

Diversity statements may prove useful. The subtlety can vary.多样性声明可能是有用的。细节会有所不同。

The Harvard Law Review strongly encourages prospective editors to submit, alongside their application, a 200-word statement “to identify and describe aspects of your identity…including, but not limited to, racial or ethnic identity, socioeconomic background, disability (physical, intellectual, cognitive/neurological, psychiatric, sensory, developmental, or other), gender identity…” (the list goes on).
《哈佛法律评论》强烈鼓励未来编辑在提交求职申请时，也提交一份200字的声明“确认并描述你的身份……包括但不限于种族或族裔身份、社会经济背景、残疾（身体、智力、认知/神经、精神、感官、发育或其他）、性别认同……”（等等）。

[Paragraph 13]
In many Republican-led states legislators are trying to forcibly eradicate this strain of thinking—sometimes in ways that seek to limit freedom of thought in the name of protecting it.在许多共和党主导的州，立法者正试图强行消除这种思维方式——有时以保护的名义来限制思想自由。

Last year Republicans in Florida passed the Stop WOKE Act, which prohibits instruction at universities on ideas like systemic racism unless provided in “an objective manner without endorsement”.
去年，佛罗里达州的共和党人通过了《停止觉醒法案》，该法案禁止在大学里系统性教授种族主义等思想，除非以“客观的方式呈现，而不带个人观点”。
In 2021 those in Idaho passed a law banning the teaching of critical race theory in all schools, including public universities.
2021，爱达荷州通过了一项法律，禁止在所有学校（包括公立大学）教授批判种族理论。

Last month the Manhattan Institute, a conservative think-tank, released a piece of model legislation for states to emulate that would do less violence to the First Amendment, by dismantling DEI offices in universities and banning consideration of diversity statements in hiring.
上个月，保守派智库曼哈顿研究所发布了一项公示法案，这将减少《第一修正案》被利用的情况，可供各州效仿。具体方法有拆掉大学里的DEI办公室，禁止在招聘中要求多样性声明。

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Others are more sanguine. “I think it’s a fad,” says Janet Halley, a professor of law at Harvard. Bureaucratising ideology saps sincerity.
其他人则更加乐观。哈佛大学法学教授珍妮特·哈雷说：“我认为这只是一时狂热。”因为官僚主义的意识形态侵蚀了诚意。

“People will utter the hocus-pocus. They know that they’re being required to put on an act. And that’s going to create cynicism about the very values that the people who put these requirements into place care about,” she says.
她说：“人们会说一些假话，他们知道这是在表演。大家会对那些提出这些要求的人所关心的价值观产生怀疑。”

If those contradictions don’t sink the project, the courts might.如果这些矛盾没有令这些多样性要求消失，法院也可能会令它们消失。

Professor Halley believes these innovations are “forced speech and viewpoint discrimination in the First Amendment context” and will lead DEI dissidents to file lawsuits. “With the increasing conservatism of the federal bench, I think they’re likely to win.”
哈雷教授认为，这些新要求是“《第一修正案》背景下的强制言论和观点歧视”，这将令DEI的反对者提起诉讼。“由于联邦保守派法官越来越多，我认为他们很可能获胜。”

（恭喜读完，本篇英语词汇量624/1269左右）
原文出自：2023年2月11日《The Economist》United States版块。

精读笔记来源于：自由英语之路

本文翻译整理: Irene本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

【补充资料】（来自于网络）
进入21世纪后许多州和学校开始在台面上取消或减少所谓“平权”。如加州大学早在1995年就率先公开终止“平权”，麻省理工学院、北卡州立大学等也起而效仿。1996年，加州209号法案明确提出“不得以种族因素为大学录取标准之一”，这一提法此后为多个州所效仿，一定程度上抵消了“平权法案”所造成的录取不公。但这种“反弹”效果是有限的、微弱的：美国联邦最高法院已不止一次公开表示，“平权法案”是合理的、有效的、公平的，而针对这种“实质上的不公平”进行的多次法律诉讼挑战（多数是自感遭受不公的美国白人发起的），也大多不了了之。

2022年，佛罗里达州立法机构通过了支持者所称的“停止觉醒法案”(Stop WOKE Act)，该法案旨在限制该州的工作场所和教室如何处理有关批判性种族理论的讨论。这个法案不是为了黑人，也不是为了任何其他种族。立场是反对国家批准的种族主义，这是关键的种族理论。不允许佛罗里达州纳税人的钱花在教育孩子们仇恨我们的国家或互相仇恨上。州政府也有责任确保父母在执行国家标准时有维护自己权利的手段。

 
【重点句子】（3 个）Critics worry about the proliferation of diversity criteria in science.
批评者担心多样性标准会在科学界泛滥。

Diversity statements may prove useful. The subtlety can vary.
多样性声明可能是有用的。细节会有所不同。

If those contradictions don’t sink the project, the courts might.
如果这些矛盾没有令这些多样性要求消失，法院也可能会令它们消失。