TED演讲：熬夜的危害，看完还敢熬夜吗？

连续11天不睡觉，会发生什么？

stay awake for 264 hours

to see how he'd cope without sleep

On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing.

第二天：眼神涣散，视线变模糊

lost the ability to identify objects by touch

By day three, he was moody and uncoordinated.

第三天：喜怒无常，身体不协调

At the end of the experiment

he was struggling to concentrate

注意力不集中

had trouble with short-term memory

短期记忆力退化

became paranoid

偏执暴躁

started hallucinating

出现幻觉

（无心学习 脑子不转 目光呆滞 忘记中午吃的什么

（仿佛这一天只是为了在等待夜晚的降临 继续熬夜

recovered without long-term psychological or physical damage

（长期熬夜会对身心造成无法挽回的伤害

(cause irreversible damage to body and mind/physical and mental health)

Losing shuteye can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, and in extreme cases, death.

失眠会导致荷尔蒙分泌失调、疾病、甚至死亡

We're only beginning to understand...

to begin with

Sleep is essential.

Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night.

We grow sleepy due to signals from our body telling our brain we are tired, and signals from the environment telling us it's dark outside.

The rise in sleep-inducing chemicals like adenosine（腺苷酸） and melatonin（褪黑激素）, send us into a light doze that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate slow down and our muscles relax.

This non-REM sleep is when DNA is repaired and our bodies replenish (重新装满) themselves for the day ahead.

REM 快速眼动

It’s estimated that ...

This isn't just a minor inconvenience. 这不只是件小事

be regularly sleep-deprived 经常睡眠不足

Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm.

When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction time are affected.

睡眠不足会影响学习、记忆、心情、反应时间。

Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation (发炎), hallucinations, high blood pressure, and it's even been linked to diabetes and obesity.

a devoted soccer fan

While his untimely death was due to a stroke（中风）, studies show that chronically sleeping fewer than six hours a night increases stroke risk by four and half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of shuteye.

For a handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic mutation, sleeplessness is a daily reality.

全球有极少数人天生有一种罕见的基因突变，失眠是他们的家常便饭。

This condition, known as Fatal Familial Insomnia, places the body in a nightmarish state of wakefulness, forbidding it from entering the sanctuary of sleep.

Within months or years, this progressively worsening condition leads to dementia（痴呆） and death.

经年累月下来

How can sleep deprivation cause such immense suffering?

Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste products in the brain.

During our waking hours

be busing doing

use up our day's energy sources 消耗

be broken down into

byproducts 代谢物；副产品

clear away

build up

As adenosine builds up, it increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure.

Caffeine works by blocking adenosine's receptor pathways.

阻断腺苷酸接收的途径

They collectively overload the brain.

Waste products in the brain are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms of sleep deprivation.

What's happening in our brain when we sleep to prevent this?

The glymphatic system 脑部淋巴系统

a clean-up mechanism that removes this buildup and is much more active when we're asleep.

serve as ...

have recently been discovered

play a role in doing

clearing out the brain's daily waste products

continue doing

the restorative mechanisms behind sleep

睡眠修复机制

We can be sure that slipping into slumber is a necessity if we want to maintain our health and our sanity.