进程代数process algebra CRL ACP

2022-06-21 12:03 作者:Seoul十大杰出校友 0人读过 | 我要投稿

进程代数是描述并发和通信系统的数学工具。

基本进程代数的代表是CSS、CSP、ACP，基本进程代数忽略了模型中的时序关系和实体行为不确定性，限制了模型能力。

随机进程代数的代表为PEPA、EMPA、TIPP，随机进程代数在基础进程代数基础上加入了时间和概率等性能特征，提高了模型能力。

CCS

为了描述状态之间的关系，CCS定义了5中基本的连接符，分别是前缀、加和、复合、限制、重命名。

通过代理、动作和连接符，CCS建立模型来描述一个系统的行为。

PEPA

与CCS中的动作(action)不同的是,活动由活动类型(action type)和活动速率(activity rate)二元组表示。PEPA通过发生速率这一概念同时引入了时间和概率,是对CCS的关键扩充。

听力

听力部分不可以回顾

利用计时器熟悉在较短时间内讲话的感觉

开头：

In the lecture ，the professor casts doubts on the reading passage's idea that ...

The professor asserts that...

第二段：

Firstly, contray to the belief in the passage that...

the professor asserts that...

第三段：

Secondly,the author of the passage points out that...,while the lecture notes that...

第四段：

Lastly, opposing the author's belief that..., the professor contends that...

学业繁重

As a college student, I am overwhelmed with lots of schoolwork.I have to prepare for exams,do presentations,do group projects and stuff like that.

节约金钱

As a college student,saving up some money should be a top priority to me. I am on a tight budget since I have to spend money on different things,such as paying expensive tuitions,convering my living expenses,you know,things like room and board,utility bills and so on.

开阔视野

I can make friends with people who are from distinctive cultural backgrounds,thus I can get to know their culture,customs and ways of living. By interacting with them,I can broaden my horizons and have new perspectives on things.Eventually I can be a well-rounded person.

交流和课堂展示好处

When exchanging ideas with others, I can find different solutions to the same problem. I can be exposed to new views and perspectives through discussion.

金钱管理能力

Kids should learn to budget their money(做好预算).They should know the importance of making ends meet（收支相抵）。After all，when they are in college，they have to cover living expense，buy textbooks and pay tuitions.Mnoey management skills can help them avoid debt and be more successful in the fulture.

Thanks to deep learning,today we can train better machine learning models when given access to massive data.However,the standard ,centralized training is impossible in many interesting use-cases-due to the associated data transfer and maintenance costs,privacy concerns or sensitivity of the proprietary data.

Broadly, federated learning (FL) allows multiple data owners to train shared models collaboratively under the orchestration of a central server without having to share any data.

Typically, FL proceeds in multiple rounds of communication between the server and the clients: the clients compute model updates on their local data and send them to the server which aggregates and applies these updates to the shared model

federated learning aims at training a machine learning algorithm,for instance deep neural networks,on multiple local datasets contained in local nodes without explicitly exchanging data samples.The general principle consists in training local models on local data samples and exchanging parameters between these local nodes at some frequency to generate a global model shared by all nodes.

Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

范文1

With the advantages of technology, the human has shifted to a lifestyle in which individual requirement for delicious food has emerged not just to fulfill the hunger. They want to enjoy a diverse range of foods with a varying taste and for that have invented many new and complex recipes. They want to do it easily and swiftly with the help of modern tools and technology. Has this really improved our lifestyle or has done more harms? Let us examine this in the following essay.

People want to enjoy a diverse type of food - prepare them at home or eat at expensive restaurants. People want to try new cuisines both at home and at restaurants and they want to be served promptly. This is where the modern equipment takes part in, and food preparation nowadays is easier and faster and this has definitely enhanced our lifestyle as it allows us to enjoy food, not just satisfy our tummy.

Moreover, modern tools like the rice cooker, microwave oven, slicer, mixer, electric heater and so on make the cooking process quick and convenient. This saves a great deal of time unlike the past when someone had to be busy all day to prepare meals for the family. People now have more time for recreation, hobbies and for the family. For students, busy corporates, businessmen and researchers, this improvement remarkably enhances their lifestyle.

On the downside, the advancements in food preparation methods have led to the growth of fast food industries and their restaurants pop-up everywhere, like mushrooms after the rain. This might seem convenient for those who do not have time to prepare food at home, but the health hazards are even greater. The obesity rate is skyrocketing in western countries and more people, these days, are suffering from health-related issues.

In conclusion, the latest technology has undeniably improved the quality of an individual’s living standard but not without a cost. To make the best of this development we have to avoid junk food but prepare more nutritious food at home.

范文2

Food is one of the fundamental needs of human lives, and from the ancient period until this ultra-modern tech-time people have invented different ways to prepare and customise foods. The improvement has definitely enhanced our lifestyle as we have more time to do more productive things.

To begin with, the customs and ways people prepare foods and present to others vary depending on the race, culture and country. But the most fundamental need of preparing foods is to fulfil the very basic human need- hunger. Preparing foods was very cumbersome in the past but with the advancement of human knowledge and technology, men have created many devices and made many new ways of easily making foods. The number of restaurants and fast-food shops are ever-increasing and that have omitted the need to prepare the food at all. The advanced technology like a rice cooker, meal cooker and easy availability of ingredients nowadays help people to prepare food in no time and that has improved the way of people’s lifestyle. People now spend less time preparing foods and can utilise this time in other tasks like professional tasks, reading, entertainment and spending time with family and friends. Thus people get more productive and social because of the increased time they have.

Quick food has become very popular which omits the needs of cooking and professionals, students and business person are having those foods during their lunchtime. This is a significant improvement in saving time and using it more productively. Though fast foods have some health issues, the ever-increasing popularity of it shows needs to have more time in our busy life and saving this time from the allotted time from cooking. The cooking machines help the housewives to prepare the foods easily and they do not have to spend time in a hot kitchen to prepare food. This is a leap towards a modern life where foods can be prepared virtually anywhere and in a few minutes.

In summary, the improved way of cooking helps people nowadays to save time and cook in a more convenient place. This helps them to spend time on more important things and lead a life without much hassle.