1933年 富兰克林·罗斯福总统 就职演讲
1933年3月4日，富兰克林·罗斯福在华盛顿特区正式就任美国第32任总统。
富兰克林·罗斯福，来自美国民主党，出身大资产阶级的罗斯福家族，同样来自该家族的西奥多·罗斯福曾在1901—1909年担任美国总统，他是富兰克林·罗斯福的堂叔；罗斯福优异的家庭条件使得他从小便接受了十分良好的教育，罗斯福几乎称得上“神童”，在校期间的各方面成绩都表现十分优异；18岁时，他考入了哈佛大学，随后又考入哥伦比亚法学院，毕业后成为一名律师；1910年，罗斯福加入美国民主党，这使得他的堂叔十分不满，他于同年成为纽约州参议员；1912年总统大选时，他为伍德罗·威尔逊拉票，后者在成为总统后提拔罗斯福为海军助理部长，他在职期间，主张建设强大的海军；1920年，他参与竞选副总统，未能如愿；1921年，罗斯福患上脊髓灰质炎，几乎瘫痪，被迫退出政坛，但是他依靠不停地练习，恢复了除行走、站立之外的一切能力；1928年，罗斯福重返政坛，并于次年担任纽约州州长；1929年，美国陷入经济大萧条，罗斯福在纽约州颁布各项救济措施，与胡佛政府的无能为力形成鲜明对比；他于1932年大选中完胜胡佛，1933年3月4日，罗斯福成为美国总统，他也是最后一位于3月4日就职的美国总统。
对内方面，罗斯福总统上任时，美国已经陷入了自南北战争以来的最大危机，国家的GDP在过去四年中蒸发了近50%，百业萧条，人民恐慌地拮据度日，几乎可以看到一个国家灭亡的所有前兆；为解决困境，罗斯福一上台便宣布实施“新政”；1933年，罗斯福下令全国银行停止交易，随后颁布了《紧急银行法》，并增发钞票，说服美国群众帮助银行运营，成功让银行业起死回生；他又实施“以工代赈”，美国联邦政府直接雇佣工人服务于美国的基础建设，后又进一步成立美国公共事业振兴署，大大缓解了美国的失业问题；随后，罗斯福总统通过了《联邦紧急救济法》，美国政府直接对失业群众展开救济；随后，罗斯福总统进一步通过了《全国工业复兴法》，强制所有美国企业制定最高工时和最低工资，禁止雇佣童工，并授予工会直接同企业谈判的权利，所有遵守该法案的企业会被授予一个蓝鹰标志，故该法案的实施也被称为“蓝鹰计划”；同年，美国芝加哥举办了世界博览会；1934年，罗斯福总统授权成立了证券交易委员会，监管协调股市的运营；罗斯福总统又紧接着推出了《住房法》和《社会保障法》，极大地改善了美国人民的生活水平；罗斯福总统大刀阔斧的改革招致了许多美国资本家的反对，而罗斯福则强硬回应反对批评，继续将改革进行到底；为扫清来自最高法院的阻力，罗斯福提出了“填塞法院计划”，从根本上改革最高法院，这一计划因遭到最高法院的强烈抵制而未能成功，但由于罗斯福总统极高的支持率，最高法院最终只能屈服于罗斯福总统，于1936年同意他的多项改革措施和改组最高法院的安排；罗斯福在实施新政时，曾多次以“炉边谈话”的形式，向美国人民阐述各类改革措施的原理和必要性，说服民众支持自己的政策，炉边谈话无疑为罗斯福新政扫清了许多阻力；在罗斯福新政的影响之下，美国GDP强势反弹，各种危机迎刃而解。
对外方面，1934年，罗斯福总统提出“睦邻政策”，一改以往美国对美洲各国的经济控制和武装干涉，而主张同各国开展自由贸易，终结了自麦金莱总统以来就持续不断的香蕉战争；1935年，德国宣布不再履行《凡尔赛条约》，恢复义务兵役制度，并开始大规模扩军，公然挑战英法所维系的凡尔赛体系，欧洲的政治态势升级，同一年，意大利也出兵埃塞俄比亚，挑战英法的非洲殖民体系，面对德意的挑战，深陷经济危机、不愿诉诸战争的英法采取了不干预政策；美国为防止像世界大战那样再次卷入欧洲各国争端，于同年通过《中立法案》，禁止美国向一切交战国出售军事武器弹药。
1937年1月，罗斯福的第一个任期结束，得益于他的新政措施，美国的GDP在四年内恢复至1929年时的80%水平。
We have always held to the hope, the belief, the conviction that there is a better life, a better world, beyond the horizon. —— Franklin D. Roosevelt
我们要永远抱有希望，坚定信念，相信更美好的生活，一个更美好的世界即将到来。 —— 富兰克林·D·罗斯福
President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:
胡佛总统，最高法官先生，我的朋友们：
This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.
今日对我国来说是神圣的日子。我相信许多美国同胞都期待我在这一天正式就职总统，鉴于当前我国人民所处的形势，我坦然决定向我国人民发表讲话。
This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.
现在是时候大胆坦率地告诉人民真相了，全部真相。我们无需不敢面对当下美国所处的危机。我们的国家会一如既往地坚持下去，她会复兴和繁荣起来。
So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.
所以，我先表明我的坚定信念：唯一值得我们恐惧的，就是恐惧本身。这种莫名其妙、毫无理由的恐惧，使得衰败瘫痪了我们前进的动力。每一次我国处于黑暗时刻时，都有坦率而强劲的领袖挺身而出，而人民也会给予他理解和支持，人民的支持是胜利必不可少的因素。我相信，值此危难之际，人民愿意再一次支持政府的领导。
In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.
你我都本着这种精神，面对我们共同的困境。感谢上帝，我们的困境仅仅是物质层面的困境。货币疯狂贬值；税率上调；购买力下降；各级政府陷入严重的财政赤字；贸易交换冻结停摆；各行企业凋敝；农民产品滞销；成千上万个家庭多年来的积蓄化为乌有。更严重的是，许多失业公民都面临着严峻的生存问题，他们奋力工作，得到的报酬却少得可怜。只有盲目乐观的人才会否定当下黑暗的现实。
And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.
不过，我们当前的困境并非是缺少物资导致的。我们没有遭遇蝗灾。比起我们祖辈用信念和勇气克服的困难，我们当前的困境甚至称不上危如累卵。自然慷慨赋予了我国许多，而美国人民使自然的馈赠成倍增加。我们当前有大量物资，可是与物资生产量形成鲜明对比的是，我们的消耗量实在过少。
Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.
究其根本原因，是人类商品贸易的管理者失败了，他们盲目地迷信市场规律，无力解决危机，他们已经承认了自己的失败，并且为此下台。他们不择手段的货币兑换行为饱受人民斥责，被人民发自内心地唾弃。
True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.
当然，他们也尝试过解决危机。但他们的努力从未跳脱出自己的保守模式。面临信贷失败，他们仅提出放出更多贷款。他们在失去引诱人民的利益后，人民也拒绝追随他们的错误领导，他们只好不停劝解，眼含泪水地恳求人民信任他们。他们只知道一代人获利享乐的规则。他们缺乏远见，而没有远见的话，人就会灭亡。
Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.
是的，这些货币兑换者已经丢下了他们的高官厚禄，夹着尾巴逃离了我们文明的殿堂。所以现在我们得以用古老的真理重铸这座殿堂。我们恢复国家能采取什么措施，取决于我们多大程度上认同社会价值比金钱利润更加可贵。
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money, it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.
幸福不仅仅是富有，还是取得成功的喜悦，创新工作的兴奋。不要因为追逐一时之利的狂热，而忘记了正经工作带来的乐趣。我的朋友们，如若这些黑暗的日子教会了我们，我们的命运并非只是受他人侍奉，同时我们也要侍奉自己，侍奉我们的同胞，那么我们也不枉此劫。
Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.
只要我们能认识到，物质财富并非衡量成功的标准，那就也摒弃了国家公职和政府高官应以地位显赫和财产富有作为衡量标准的错误观念；银行业和企业当前的行为必须制止，人民将神圣的信任托付于它们，它们却漠不关心，只顾追名逐利地一错再错。所以，人民失去对市场的信心并不奇怪，因为信心只能靠诚信、荣誉、神圣义务、忠心捍卫和无私履职来捍卫；上述条件都不存在，人民自然会失去信心。
Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This nation is asking for action, and action now.
但是，国家想要复兴，不能只在道德观念上做出改变。我们国家需要采取实际行动，立刻采取行动。
Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources. Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.
我们的首要任务是让人民重获工作。只要我们勇敢地以智慧面对这个问题，就可以战胜它。失业问题在一定程度上可由政府直接招募工人来解决，就像我们在战时的紧急状态那样，但同时，政府雇佣的工人只能用于开发、整顿我国的自然资源这一类重大紧要的工作。而且，我们必须坦率承认，工业中心区的过多人口导致了全国各地人口比例失衡，我们要在全国范围内重新分配人口，尽可能将肥沃的土地分配给适合耕作的人。
Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.
当然，提升农产品价格有助于完成这项工作，农民有了钱就可以购买城市产出的产品。防止房屋和农场不停丧失抵押品赎回权的悲剧，也有助于完成这项工作。要求联邦、各州和各地方政府立刻大幅削减开销，也有助于完成这项工作。统一当前分散、浪费且不平衡的救济措施，同样有助于完成这项工作。国家规划并监管交通、通信一类的公共工程，也有助于完成这项任务。完成工作的方法数不胜数，但唯独没有空谈。
We must act. We must act quickly.
所以我们必须采取行动。我们必须立刻采取行动。
And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with other people's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.
最后，我们在努力解决失业问题的同时，我们还需要两项保障措施，防止曾经的社会弊端卷土重来。第一，我们必须对所有银行、信贷和投资进行严格监管。严禁用别人的钱进行投资。第二，政府必须发行一定数量的货币，这些货币数量既要足够，又不能过量。
These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.
我的朋友们，以上便是我们战胜大萧条的路线。我会即可召开紧急特别国会，寻求美国全部48个州的帮助，详细商讨如何落实这些措施。
Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.
通过这项工作，我们会尽全力让美国这座大厦恢复运转，并实现财政收支平衡。我国的对外贸易关系也十分重要，其无论优先度还是重要性，都仅次于整顿国内经济。我赞成最实际务实的政策，既紧迫的任务优先办。我会竭尽所能地重新调整国际经济，以恢复同全球的贸易；但是国内经济问题迫在眉睫，必须优先解决。
The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.
指导全国复兴工作的基本思想不是狭隘的民族主义。这一基本思想，首先应当是美利坚合众国各地之间相互依靠的关系——这同样也是鲜明认可了开国元勋们的美国理念。这就是复兴之道。这就是我们要走的道路。这就是美国持续复苏的最有力保障。
In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.
在外交政策方面，我会让美国施行睦邻政策；美国是一个坚决尊重自己的国家，而同理，我们也应当尊重邻国的权利；在各国皆邻里的世界上，美国会尊重自己的义务，尊重自己同外国缔结的神圣协议。
If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective. We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.
如果我正确地理解了人民的情绪，我们现在就认识到了此前一直忽视的事实，即我们需要依靠彼此；我们不能一味索取，而不付出；如果我们想要前进，就必须像一支训练有素的忠诚军队一样，为了共同的纪律而做出牺牲，因为没有这样的纪律，我们就无法前进，也无法获得有效领导。我知道，我们已经准备好、并愿意以我们的生命和财产服务于这种纪律，因为这样我们才能在高效领导之下，取得更加丰厚的回报。所以我提议，以更加宏大的目标约束我们自己，约束我们所有人，用迄今为止，只有在战时才会出现的责任感和团结一心的神圣意识约束自己。
With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.
如果人民愿意接受上述承诺，我也将立刻领导我们人民组成的大军，有组织地解决困扰着我们的问题。
Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen. It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.
有了计划，有了目标，加之我们从祖辈继承到的政府制度，我们的行动一定能取得胜利。我国的宪法十分简明实用，所以可以在不破坏其内核的前提下，随时根据我国的主要需求而做出侧重和改变。这就是为什么美国宪法能够成为现代世界最久经不衰的政治制度。它能够应对领土扩展、对外战争、内部冲突、国际关系的各类需求。我们当然希望，行政机关和宪法机关的权力能实现完全平衡，这样才足以应对我们现在前所未有的挑战。但是，前所未有的挑战也带来了前所未有的需求，我们必须火速采取行动，为此我们可能不得不暂时越过公共事务的正常程序。
I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.
在这么一个分崩离析的世界，我已准备好履行宪法义务，采取上述措施拯救我摇摇欲坠的祖国。我会在宪法授权的范围内，尽早通过并采取上述措施，亦或采取国会根据智慧与历史经验而采取的其他措施。
But, in the event that the congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.
但是，如果国会在两种措施路线上犹豫不决、摇摆不定，同时美国却依旧深陷危机、无法自拔，届时我不会逃避自己面前的明确责任。为应对危机，我会要求国会启动我们的最后手段——国家紧急状态下的战时广泛总统权，正如外国入侵我国时，我获得的权力一样。
For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.
人民既然寄希望于我，那应对这一危难时期，我必将鼓起勇气，效犬马之劳，予以回报。我会竭尽全力。
We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.
面对当前的困难局面，我们举国团结，热情而勇敢；我们清楚地知道，要追寻过去的宝贵价值观；全国男女老幼都认真各司其职，使得我们不由得信心倍增。我们的目标，是保证全面又长久的国民生活。
We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.
我们丝毫不怀疑——基本民主制度的未来。美国人民没有失败。在需要之际，美国人民授权于总统，希望采取强而有力的直接行动。美国人民要求领导的规范和指导。他们选出我作为实现他们愿望之人。而既然受命于天，我也义不容辞。
In this dedication -- In this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.
在献身——在献身国家之际，我们谦卑地请求上帝的保佑。
May He protect each and every one of us.
愿上帝保佑我们每一个人。
May He guide me in the days to come.
愿他在未来的日子里指引我。
声明：本人仅按照原文翻译内容，演讲内容不代表本人观点。此专栏仅供历史和英语交流学习使用，任何读者皆可引用本人的译本。
希望来学习英语的观众明白：我觉得这些专栏的主要精华在于英语原文，而并非我的译本，我的译本很大程度上只是供来学习历史的观众使用的。本人的英语水平一般，翻译得并不会多么精彩，只能在你看不懂时来帮助你了解这些演讲内容最基本的意思，而且翻译时难免会出现差错，切勿直接完全以我的译本为标准。如发现有翻译错误或者歧义内容，欢迎指正。
希望来学习历史的观众明白：任何历史人物都有一定的局限性，随着时代发展，很多观点看法可能已经不再适用今天的世界，西方的观点也不一定适用于我们。通过了解这些演讲，仅可给我们提供一个更全面了解过去和世界的渠道。我们可以从优秀的历史、当代人物身上学到很多，但是请保持独立思考，理性看待演讲内容，切勿全信或将其奉为真理。
