Lesson 13 'It's only me' “是我，别害怕”

·单词（单词出现次数的数据来源为【不背单词】App，引用的时间是2023年10月）

costume n.    化装服【2】【1】

    ·The movie won Oscars for best costumes and best screenplay.    这部电影获得了奥斯卡最佳服装奖和最佳剧本奖\

    ·historical costume    古装

    ·tradition national costume    传统民族服装

    ·overalls n.    [服装] 工装裤；工作裤/coveralls n.    衣裤相连的工作服

    ·uniform n.    制服，（某一群体的人穿的）典型服装

        ·school uniform    校服

        ·military uniform    军装

    ·sportswear n.    运动装；休闲服(不可数)

    ·underwear n.    内衣，衬衣

    ·leisure wear    休闲装

    ·rags n.    乞丐服

    ·shroud n.    寿衣

consist vi.    由 … 组成【9】【22】

    ·consist of ...    由 ... 组成

    ·be composed of ...    由 ... 组成

    ·be made up of ...    由 ... 组成

    ·comprise ...    由 ... 组成

        ·The committee consists of/is composed of/is made up of/comprises 100 members.    委员会由100名成员组成

        ·反过来表达“组成了”    

            ·One hundred members comprise/make up/compose/constitute the committe.    一百名成员组成了这个委员会

sheet n.    被单【18】【13】

    ·a sheet of paper    一张纸(固定规格的纸，A4，B5 等)

        ·a piece of paper    一张纸(不规定形状)

    ·The snow came down in sheets.    雪一片一片地飘落下来（燕山雪花大如席，片片吹落轩辕台）

    ·与床有关的单词表达

        ·bedspread n.    床罩

        ·mattress n.    床垫

        ·eiderdown n.    羽绒被；鸭绒被

        ·blanket n.    毯子，毛毯

        ·pillow n.    枕头

        ·bedclothes(必须用复数)/bedding(不可数)    n.    床上用品

        ·single bed    单人床

        ·double bed    双人床

        ·bunk (bed)    上下铺

        ·hammock n.    吊床

effective adj.    有明显效果的,有作用的【75】【83】

comfortable adj.    舒适的【34】【23】

storeroom n.    储藏室【0】【0】

electricity n.    电【24】【16】

metre(英)/meter(美) n.    仪器，仪表【26】【12】

    ·an electricity meter    电表

    ·a water meter    水表

    ·a gas meter    煤气表

    ·read the meter    读表：指读取电表、水表、煤气表等计量表上的数字或刻度，以确定用量或费用

    ·thermometer    温度计

    ·barometer    气压计

    ·odometer/milometer    里程表

    ·speedometer    速度表

pace n.    一步，步伐；节奏，速度【21】【30】

    ·可替换 step n.    一步，步伐

        ·take one pace/step forward    往前迈一步

        ·quicken one's pace/step    加快某人的步伐

    ·可替换 tempo n.    速度，节奏

        ·the pace/tempo of life    生活的节奏

        ·the fast pace/tempo of modern life    快节奏的当代生活

    ·keep pace with ...    跟上：与某人或某事物保持同步或同步发展

        ·It is important for a company to keep pace with changes in the market.    对于一个公司来说,跟上市场的变化是很重要的

    ·stride n.    往前跨得一大步

        ·Medical science has made great strides in tackling infertility.    医学在治疗不孕症方面取得了很大进展。

    ·leap n.    用力得往前一跳，飞跃(指双脚同时落地)

        ·Look before you leap.    三思而后行

        ·That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.    这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步

    ·by leaps and bounds: very quickly    突飞猛进:非常快

        ·M:Your little nephew is growing by leaps and bounds.    你的小侄子正在突飞猛进地成长

        ·W:Yes. He must be at least three feet tall already.    是的。他至少已经有三英尺高了

        ·Answer: He's growing very quickly.    他长得很快

flee v.    逃走【6】【5】

    ·不规则动词：flee    fled(一般过去式)    fled(过去分词)

    ·abscond v.    潜逃

        ·abscond with money.

    ·elope v.    私奔

        ·elope with sb.    跟某人私奔

    ·escape v.    逃走

        ·escape form the prison    越狱

    ·以上三个逃走都常做不及物词使用

slam v.    砰地关上【1】【2】

    ·The door slammed (shut).    门砰的一声关上了(vi.)

    ·Don't slam the door.    不要摔门(vt.)

    ·bang v.    猛敲，猛摔

        ·The door banged  (shut).    门砰的一声关上了(vi.)

        ·Don't bang the door.    不要摔门(vt.)

        ·做名词 n.    The door sout with a slam/bang.    门砰的一声关上了。

·课文原文

    After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.

    Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to explain the situation, saying‘It’s only me’, but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.

·参考译文

    理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后,把孩子送去上学,然后来到楼上自己的卧室。那天上午,她兴奋得什么家务活都不想做,因为晚上她要同丈夫一起去参加一个化装舞会。她打算装扮成鬼的模样。头天晚上她已把化装服做好,这时她急于想试试。尽管化装服仅由一个被单制成，却十分逼真。理查兹夫人穿上化装服后下了楼，想看看穿起来是否舒服。

    理查兹夫人刚刚走进餐厅,前门就传来敲门声。她知道来人一定是面包师。她曾告诉过面包师，如果她不去开门，他可直接进门,把面包放在厨房的桌上。理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜的人,便赶紧躲到了楼梯下的小储藏室里。她听见前门被打开,走廊里响起了重重的脚步声。突然贮藏室门开了,一个男人走了进来。理查兹夫人这才想到一定是供电局来人查电表了。她说了声“是我，别怕!”然后想进行一番解释，但已来不及了。那人大叫了一声,惊退了几步。理查兹夫人朝他走去,只见他“砰”的一声关上门逃走了。

·课文讲解

After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom.

    ·send sb. to + n./to do    派遣，打发

        ·I sent the boy to school/bed.    我打发孩子去 上学/睡觉

            ·如果是 the school/bed，是去学校和床这个地方，不加 the 表示它的功能。上学/睡觉

        ·I sent the boy to buy some beer.    我打发孩子去买一些啤酒

    ·dispatch sb. to + n./to do    打法，派遣(比 sent 正式)

        ·An ambulance was immediately dispatched to the area.    一辆救护车立即被派往该地区

        ·The government dispatched 150 police to restore order.    政府派遣了150名警察去恢复秩序

            ·police 警察(本身就是复数)

                ·one police man

                ·two police

    ·transfer sb. to + n.    多指工作岗位的调动；银行里的转账

        ·She was transferred from marketing to sales.    她从市场部调到销售部

    ·transport sb. to + n.    带有强制的意思，流放

        ·He was transported to Siberia for life.    他被终身流放到西伯利亚

    ·与房子有关的单词

        ·hall n.    门厅，衣帽庭(刚进们换鞋的地方)

        ·living room/sitting room/drawing room    客厅

        ·dining room 餐厅    kitchen 厨房    bathroom 浴室，卫生间

        ·guestroom 客房    study 书房    bedroom 卧室

        ·master bedroom 主卧室    storeroom 储藏间

        ·attic/loft 阁楼，顶楼    basement 地下室/cellar 地窖    balcony 露台，阳台

            ·Just as Mrs. Richard was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door.    理查德夫人刚走进餐厅，前门就响起了敲门声。

            ·She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table.    她告诉他，如果她打不开门，就直接进来，把面包放在厨房的桌子上。

            ·Not wanting to frighten the poor man Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.    理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜的人，便赶紧躲进了楼梯下的小储藏室。

            ·I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went to into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.    我把包放在大厅里，罗伯特和我走进客厅，我们聊了几个小时。

            ·George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used.    乔治把我领进客房，他说这间客房很少用。

                ·show v.    带领，引领

            ·My cousin, Harry, keeps a large curiously shaped bottle on permanent display in his study.    我的堂兄哈里在他的书房里永久陈列着一个形状奇特的大瓶子。

            ·Looking into the drawing room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk.    她往客厅里一看，写字台旁边一片混乱。

            ·The inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced, thereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony.    巡查员开始寻找指纹，而警察检查了前门的锁并没有被撬开，从而证明窃贼要么使用万能钥匙，要么从阳台进入

            ·Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age it maight be more prudent to have someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from his basement.    她的第一个冲动是到所有的房间里去找小偷，但后来她又决定，像她这样的年纪，还是有人陪着比较谨慎，于是她去地下室把看门人叫来。

            ·They had mysteriouslt found their way there from the wine cellar!    他们神秘地从酒窖里找到了通往那里的路!

            ·They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.    他们把不想要的东西放在抽屉、橱柜和阁楼上很多年，因为他们相信有一天他们正好需要这些东西。

She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband.

    ·, for 引导原因状语从句

    ·too ... to ...    太 ... 而不能 ...

    ·housework 家务活(不可数)    homework 家庭作业(不可数)

        ·household chore    家务劳动，可数

        ·I spent all moring doing (the) housework/household chores.    我花了一早上的时间做家务

        ·do/wash the dished    洗碗

        ·do the washing-up    洗碗

            ·W：Have you asked your brother to do the dished?    你叫你兄弟洗碗了吗?

            ·M：Thousands of times.    喊了成千上万次了

            ·Q：He has asked his brother to wash the dished many times.    他叫他兄弟去洗碗叫了很多次

        ·do the laundry(不可数)/washing    洗衣服

    ·would be going to    过去将来进行时

        ·He will soon be working in an office.    他很快就要在办公室工作了。

        ·He will be earning only half as much as he used to, ...    他的收入将只有过去的一半。

    ·fancy-dress costume    化妆服

        ·fancy-dress party = masquerade    化装舞会

She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on.

    ·as 引导原因状语从句

    ·intend to do    打算去做某事

        ·We intend to go to Australia next year.    我们打算明年去澳大利亚。

    ·mean to do    计划，打算

        ·Sorry, I didn't mean to scare you.    抱歉，我不是故意吓你的。

        ·He always meant to go back one day but not to stay.    他总想有一天回去，但不想久留。

        ·be going to do    打算做某事

            ·I'm going to have my hair cut this weekend.

            ·Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough.    两架飞机都计划在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆没有起得足够早。

        ·have every intention of doing ...    打算做某事

            ·I had every intention of phoning her this morning, but I just didn't get a chance.    今天早上我本来很想给她打电话的，但一直没有机会。

        ·否定形式

            ·not intend to do

            ·not mean to do

            ·have no intention of doing ...

                ·I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.    我本来没打算买，但我无法掩饰这样一个事实:钻石的大小给我留下了深刻的印象。

    ·dress up as ...    装扮成，打扮成

    ·dress sb. up as ...    把某人打扮成 ...

        ·We dressed him up as a gorilla.    我们把他打扮成了一个猩猩

        ·..., he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.       他立即打电话通知警察有两个学生打扮成了工人模样，正在用风钻开凿道路 

    ·练习造句：他打扮成一个鬼去参加这个化妆晚会。

        ·He went to the fancy-dress  party dressed up as a ghost. 

    ·disguise sb. as ...    把某人打扮成 ...

        ·He disguised himself as a dustman.    他把他自己装扮成了垃圾工

    ·disguised as ... (非谓语)

        ·Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.     阿尔弗雷德大帝亲自充当自己的间接，打扮成了一个吟游歌手的摸样，到了丹麦人的部队里面去。

        ·dress up    穿着过分的正式了

            ·You don't need to dress up for a casual party.    你不需要为这个随意的聚会穿的过分正式

        ·overdressed adj.    穿着太正式了，过于打扮的，过于讲究的

            ·I think we are overdressed.    我认为我们穿的太正式了

        ·dress down    穿着很随意

            ·In many offices, prople dress down on Fridays.    在许多办公室，人们在星期五穿便装。

        ·underdressed adj.    穿着不够正式的，过于随便的

            ·Everyone else was in smart suit and I felt a bit underdressed.    其他人都穿着时髦的西装，我觉得自己有点穿着不得体。

    ·the night before    事情发生的前一天晚上

        ·the earlier/previous/preceding night    前/上 一晚

    ·the night after    转天晚上

        ·the next/following/succeeding night    下一个/接下来的/随后的 晚上

    ·be impatient to do ...    急不可待的想做某事(等的不耐烦了)

        ·be eager/anxious/itching/desperate/dying to do ...    渴望/焦急的，急切的/感到很痒的，渴望/亡命的 去做

    ·can't wait to do ...    迫不及待地去做

Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective.

    ·consisted 可替换为 composed

        ·Though the costume was composed only of a sheet, ...

After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.

    ·find out    了解到某个事实，真相

    ·形容词后如果用动词不定式做补语，用主动表达被动的含义

        ·He is easy to fool.

        ·She is extremely difficult to please.    这个人很难去取悦她

        ·The machine is awkward to handle.    这个机器很难去操作

        ·The man is hard to work with.    跟这个男人共事太难了

Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door.

    ·just adv.    表示就在那个时刻 

        ·还可以用下面的表达进行替换

        ·At the very moment (when) Mrs. Richards was ...    先行词是表示时间的词语，when 可以去掉

    ·9.____Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room ...

        ·(a) At the very moment 

        ·(b) So long as    引导条件状语从句，只要 ...

        ·(c) Only when    直到 ... 才 ...

        ·(d) During the time    在 ... 期间

    ·there was a knock on ...    无灵主语

        ·中文语序：somebody knocked at the front door.

        ·中文语序：There are more and more people who are interested in English in China.    在中国有越来越多的人对英语感兴趣

            ·interest in    对 ... 的兴趣

        ·调整为无灵主语：There is increasing interest in English in China.    中国人对英语的兴趣越来越浓厚

        ·中文语序：People generally agree that women should enjoy full equality with men.    人们普遍认为妇女应该享有与男子完全平等的权利

        ·调整为无灵主语：There is general agreement that women should enjoy full equality with men    人们普遍认为妇女应享有与男子完全平等的权利

        ·The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.    人们用强大的网把海床搜了一遍，当一只箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的人都非常兴奋

            ·scour vt.    四处搜索；（费力地）擦洗

        ·While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.    虽然法律新闻的质量参差不齐，但许多记者过分依赖律师提供给他们的解释

She knew that it must be the baker.

    ·it 表示推断这个人，没有看到 TA 的脸，而不用人称代词

        ·打电话没看到对方的脸，要问对方是谁：Who is it？/Who is there？。如果当面看到脸了，可以问：Who are you？

She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table.

    ·if 引导条件状语从句

        ·if ever 如果，且无论何时

    ·told sb. to do sth.。后面的 and 并列两句话，省略了 She had told him

    ·straight adv.    直接，立刻，不当误地：directly；immediately；without delay。直接放在中心动词后面，不放在副词，介词后。

        ·I got home and went straight to bed.    我回到家就直接上床睡觉了

        ·Time is short so I'll get straight to the point.    时间不多了，我就开门见山了

        ·-M: We thought we'd all go out for lunch today. Can you be ready to leave at one o'clock?

        ·-W: I have to pick up my car and do a couple of other errands. So I'll just come straight to the restaurant.

            ·pick up my car    取车

            ·a couple of    两(三)个

            ·errand n.    差事，跑腿(打酱油，接孩子)

        ·Answer：Meet her friends at the restaurant.

    ·leave v.    留下，放下；把东西遗忘在 ...

        ·Please leave a message.    请留言

        ·Please leave your address.    请留下您地地址

        ·Did anybody leave a jacket behind last night?    昨晚有谁把夹克衫落在这里了吗？

Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.

    ·not wanting ...    非谓语动词 wanting 作原因状语

        ·可以改为 Because she didn't want to frighter poor man,

        ·Because he didn't want to be recognized, the suspect dressed up as a priest.    因为不想被认出来，嫌疑犯打扮成牧师的样子

            ·可调整为：Not wanting to be recognized, the suspect dressed up as a priest.    这样更简洁

She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre.

    ·that 引导宾语从句，who 引导定语从句 

    ·某人想到了某事

        ·sth. occur to sb.

        ·sth. strike sb.

        ·sth. dawn on sb.

            ·It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.    一个工人突然想到要打开箱子

            ·It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.    我突然间想到了如何改变这个局势

            ·It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.    我突然间想到，这辆快车并没有按照90英里每小时的时速而下，而仅仅用几乎不到30英里的速度缓慢前进

    ·from 从哪里来的

        ·experts from the zoo    从动物园来的专家

        ·a spokeswoman for the Bank    一位为银行工作的女发言人

        ·editors of newspapers and magazine    报社和杂志社的编辑(of 不强调从哪来，也不强调为那家公司工作)

    ·Electricity Board    电力局

        ·the Water Board    水利局

        ·the Gas Board    燃气局

        ·the board of directors    董事局

            ·He is on the board/a board member.

    ·read the metre    查表

        ·take a meter-reading    查表

    ·read v.    读，识

        ·read music    读谱：理解和演奏音乐符号的能力，包括音符、节拍、音高、节奏等

        ·read one's mind    (读某人的心思)看透某人的心思

        ·read one's palm    (都手相)看手相

She tried to explain the situation, saying‘It’s only me’, but it was too late.

    ·saying 伴随状语，表示 try to do 动作的重要性，而 saying 是次要的

    ·如果想要突出说：

        ·Trying to explain the situation, she said 'It's only me', but it was too late.

    ·He looked at his watch and saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times and then it stopped.    将该句修改，突出动作的主次

        ·Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. 

    ·独立主格（如果句子的主语不统一的情况）

        ·(with) + n. + 非谓语 (doing/done/to do, 其中 being 常省略)

        ·He stooped running and sweat streamed down his face.    将该句修改，突出动作的主次

            ·He stopped running (with) sweat streaming down his face.

            ·He/With him stopping running sweat streamed down his face.    注意，加了介词 with 就要跟宾语，构成介宾短语

 The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces.

    ·let out    人发出叫唤声

        ·let out a cry/scream    大叫一声

        ·utter a cry/scream    utter v.    说，讲，发出(声音)

        ·give a cry/scream    发出叫喊声

When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.

    ·slamming 作伴随状语