《太空定居的三十一个里程碑》生肉译文版 第三期

原文由美国国家空间学会（NSS）于2019年出品。 

MILESTONE 1.

Dramatically Lower Launch Costs to Orbit - continued

大幅度降低进入轨道的发射成本--持续性工作

Other Commercial Space Applications. 

其他商业领域应用。

Other potential commercial space applications may lead to increased launch rates and decreased costs. 

通过潜在商业领域应用和开发，能使发射率得以提高，并降低降低发射成本。

Examples include robust communication satellite architectures, low-Earth orbit (LEO) data switching and storage networks, orbital servicing infrastructures, and robust global surveillance constellations.

这方面的例子包括健全的通信卫星架构，低地球轨道（LEO）数据交换和存储网络，轨道服务基础设施，以及健全的全球监视星座。

Governmental Policies. 

政府政策

Whether or not governments believe in or are willing to wait for private enterprise to lead the way, they may commit to the building of large space outposts in Earth orbit, on the Moon, or elsewhere, which will require many launches over a sustained period sufficient to reduce the per-launch cost to financially practicable levels. 

无论政府是否相信或愿意等待私营企业能够去做先驱者，他们都可能致力于在地球轨道、月球或其他宇宙空间建立大型太空前哨站。

因此，他们需要在某个持续的时期内进行多次发射，足以将每次发射的成本降低到财务上的合理水平。

Such governmental initiatives may be created by a desire for national prestige (to keep up or exceed the space initiatives of other countries), a concern for protection from asteroids and comets, the need for a space-based solar power system to transmit power to Earth, or government uses of space for security, environmental surveillance, improved communications, or other uses. 

这类政府举措可能是出于对国家地位的渴望（跟上或超过其他国家的空间举措），对防止小行星和彗星的关注，对从太空太阳能系统向地球传输电力的需要，或让太空资源成为安全、环境监测、改善通信或其他用途的好帮手。

Such initiatives should increase launch rates and reduce unit costs. To be effective, the policies should use launch costs as one of the primary criteria for selecting a launcher and not unfairly penalize or impede the use of reusable vehicles.

这些举措应注重提高发射率并降低单位成本上。为取得成效，这些政策应将发射成本作为选择发射器的主要标准之一，而不是不公平地惩罚或阻碍可重复使用的飞行器的使用。

BARRIERS

障碍

1- Continued government reliance on and support for expendable launch systems and in-space vehicles.

1 -政府继续依赖和支持消耗性发射系统和空间飞行器。

2 -Bias toward pro-expendable policies by government employees, private contractors, and venture capitalists resulting in a reluctance to work openly and aggressivelyon other technologies.

2 -政府雇员、私人承包商和风险资本家偏向于支持可持续发展的政策，导致他们不愿意公开和积极地致力于其他技术。

COMPLETION

完成

This milestone will be achieved when launch prices to low- Earth orbit are no longer a major barrier to space operations. 

This will occur when prices drop by a factor of ten or more below the average 2017 global price of about $5,000 perkilogram.

当向低地球轨道的发射价格不再是太空作业的主要障碍时，这一里程碑将得以实现。

当价格比2017年全球平均价格每公斤约5,000美元下降10倍或更多时，第一个里程碑，就将发生。（500美元）

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