English for International Academic Exchanges

English for International Academic Exchanges

keynote speakers 主旨发言人

Panel discussions(小组讨论）

Symposium 专题研讨会、专题报告会

Congress 代表大会

Convention 年会

Seminar 讨论会

Colloquium [kəˈloʊkwiəm]学术讨论会、专题座谈会

General assembly əˈsembli会员大会

Plenary Session 全体会议

Parallel Sessions (Simultaneous Sessions)分组会

Poster Sessions 展板交流，论文展示

Sponsors (主办者) & Organizers (承办者)

Secretariat ˌsekrəˈteriət (大型国际组织、政治组织的)秘书处，书记处;

secretary-general(秘书长）, deputy-secretary-generals（副秘书长）

筹委会 preparatory committee

组委会 organizing committee

联系人 contact person

参加人 participant

协办单位 co-sponsors

大会名誉主席 honorary chairman

程序委员会 program committee

会议执行秘书 executive secretary

分会主席 session chair

欢迎词  Welcome speech

开幕词 Opening remarks/address/speech

闭幕词 Closing remarks/address/speech

主旨发言/报告Keynote speech/report

论文宣读 Paper session/paper presentation

论文展示 Poster session

演示 Demonstration

自由提问时间 Question and answer period/ session

solicit：to ask sb. for 征集

affiliation：an organization that you have joined

premier：first in rank or degree 顶尖的,高级的

single-track：having only one session instead of two or more parallel sessions in a certain period of time

selective：tending to be careful about what or who you choose 认真挑选的；严格筛选的

take a broad view: 放眼，纵观

novel：new

the state-of-the art: the most modern techniques or technology

ubiquitous: seeming to be everywhere 泛在的，无处不在的

implementation: the act of carrying into effect

know-how: knowledge of how to do sth and experience in doing it 专门知识；技能；实际经验

replication: the act of copying or reproducing sth.

documentation: documents which provide proof or evidence of sth.

be designed to： be aimed at

spectrum：range

scientific program: 学术活动日程安排

be comprised of : be composed of，consist of

preceding: before

in conjunction with: together with连同

preliminary program:初步的会议日程安排

in partnership with: cooperating with

host: to play host for, to sponsor主办

on behalf of: as a representative of

event: a planned and organized occasion活动、盛会

convene：v. to meet formally 召开

overarching：a. all-important 首要的

cordially: in a sincere and friendly way

vibrant: vigorous and animated

momentum: impetus动力

Foreign Affairs Office: 外事处

Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 外交部

filed trip：a group excursion for the purpose of firsthand observation 实地考察

alumni：alumnus的复数

group subscription：团体订购

Called to order by the presiding officer主持人宣布会议开幕

Roll call点名

Announcement of quorum宣布会议法定人数

Reading of the minutes of the previous meeting宣读前期会议纪要

approval of the minutes of the previous meeting通过前期会议纪要

Related matters相关事宜

Unfinished business未尽事宜

appointments and removal人事任免

Nomination and election提名及选举

Adjournment休会

开幕式Opening Ceremony

主题发言 Keynote Speech

论坛Forum

全体会议 Plenary session

论文展示 Poster session

专题讨论会Panel discussion

讨论/提问与回答时间Discussion/Question & Answer session

考察活动Field trip

闭幕式Closing ceremony

招待晚宴Reception/ banquet

represent：v. to take，occupy 占

implication: n. a possible effect or result of an action or a decision 可能的影响（或作用、结果）

be involved in: to participate in

formulate: to work out, develop

pose: to present or constitute; set forth

demographic: 人口统计学的

implementation： carrying out

intergenerational violence：隔代暴力

solidarity：unity and agreement resulting from shared interests, feelings, actions, sympathies 团结一致

cohesion：tendency to stick together凝聚，团结

reimburse：to repay (a person who has spent or lost money) 报销，偿还

reimbursement： compensation paid (to someone) for damages or losses or money already spent etc.

Letterhead （信头）

Date (写信日期）

Inside Address （信内地址）

Salutation （称呼）

Body of the letter （正文）

Complimentary Close （结束语）

Signature （手写签名）

Typed signature (打印签名）

Enclosure/Encl/Enc （附件）

Postscript/P.S. （附言）

Format of invitation letters

Letterhead: the address of the writer 信头

Date of writing 日期

Inside address: the name and address of the recipient (addressee, receiver) 收信人姓名地址

Salutation 称呼

Body of the letter: 正文

the occasion, time and venue

the purpose of the invitation

the conference theme/arrangement

the anticipated pleasure in meeting the receipient(s)

Complimentary close 结束语

Signature 签名

Enclosure (if any) (Encl./Enc.) 附件

partnership: 合作项目

orientation: introductory instruction concerning a new situation 情况介绍

incidental expenses: expenses not budgeted or not specified杂费

convener: sb. Who organizes the meetings of a committee.

wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人…

Centennial Celebration Conferences

百年庆典大会honor：v. to do what you have agreed to

flattering offer:an offer that makes me

gress in …

7）×××探讨

Exploration on / Study on / Investigation on / Research on

Translation of Abstracts

本论文旨在… 

The aim of this paper is to…/ This paper aims to/ This paper is aimed at …

简要介绍了  give a brief introduction to

回顾  review

阐述discuss/ describe/ explain/ expound/ elaborate on

结合实际情况：  in the light of actual situation; based on actual situation

探讨probe into/discuss

探索explore

提出propose/ put forward/come up with

从…角度from the perspective of

由于due to/ owing to/

出于各种原因 for a variety of reasons

此外，另外moreover/ besides/in addition

切入点 starting point/entry point/pointcut

谈及，关于 in terms of…

这些区别是因为 some of the differences stem from…

为了让in order for xx to …

很大程度上依赖于 rely heavily on …

基于分析Based on the analysis

不是…而是… not …, but rather …

这方面的例子有… …, exemplified by…

产生这个问题的原因与… 有关The problem arises in part from …

具有一定的参考价值

have reference value for/ be of reference value for/ offer (provide) a reference for…

具有启发意义

have enlightening significance/ have inspirational value/ be inspiring/ serve as valuable references for

—help

—assist

—show

—demonstrate

—go

—depart

—ask

—enquire

—so

—therefore

—mainly

—principally

—again and again

—repeatedly

—more and more

—increasingly

—lack

—deficiency

—empty

—vacant

—enough

—sufficient

—better

—superior

—worse

—inferior

—children

—offspring

—die

—decease

—read

—peruse

—answer

—reply

—take part in

—participate in

—come across

—encounter

—put up with

—tolerate

Chairing a Meeting

1. Basic requirements for a conference’s chair/presider/moderator

n 1) a well-known scholar or celebrity.

n 2) having strong ability of coordination and organization.

n 3) democratic and impartial, and able to cope flexibly with the changing situations.

n 4)having high language proficiency

2. Chair’s general duties

1) before the meeting

n Make sure all the necessary arrangements are made.

2) during the meeting

n Declare the meeting open;

n State the theme/goals of the meeting;

n State any details of how the meeting is to be run. For example, define time limits;

n Invite and introduce speakers;

n Deal with people who are side-tracking（转变话题 ）or bringing in irrelevant points;

n Ensure that the agreed agenda is followed and that the meeting finishes on time;

n Interrupt and ask those who are running over their allotted time to bring their speeches to a close;

n Organize discussions;

n Enliven atmosphere;

n Keep a balance between diverse views;

n Summarize the discussions or decisions of the meeting;

n Adjourn or close the meeting;

n Announce the date and place of the next meeting.

3. General chairing procedures

n Opening a meeting

ü ① By self-introduction

ü ② By third party’s introduction

ü ③ By direct announcement

ü ④ By creating speech atmosphere

n Introducing a speaker

ü ①   By direct introduction

ü ②   By appreciative introduction（赞扬式介绍）

ü ③   By background introduction

ü ④   By transitional introduction（承接式介绍）

n Organizing the discussion

ü Calling on participants

ü Reminding the speakers（提醒发言人）

ü Moderating the disputes（协调分歧）

ü ④ Generalizing main points（归纳要点）

ü Keeping the allocated time（控制时间）

ü Monitoring the discussion（监控讨论）

n Thanking the speaker

n Adjourning（休会，终止） or closing the meeting

delegate n. someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group

forefront n. the leading position in any movement or field

therapeutics n. the part of medical science relating to the treatment and cure of illness疗法、治疗学

stature n. importance and reputation that a person has 名望

outpatient n. a person who goes to a hospital for treatment, but does not stay there

inpatient n. someone who stays in a hospital while they receive treatment

untapped adj. not yet used or exploited 未使用的；未开发的

exponentially adv. in an exponential manner 以指数方式

adjourn v. close at the end of a session 休会

Your Excellencies: greeting to address an ambassador, president. 阁下

call the meeting to order： to open formally 宣布会议正式开始.

serve as: to work as

address us: to speak to us

informative and enlightening: giving us much information and knowledge 富含信息，具有启发性

cater to: satisfy; provide specific or favorable treatment for someone or something 满足

civil engineering 土木工程

The Sims a strategic life-simulation computer game developed by Maxis and published by Electronic Arts(EA) 模拟人生  P138 line8

PC personal computer 个人计算机

credential n. a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background 凭证；文凭 P139 line21

tenure n. (esp US) permanent appointment as a teacher,etc in a university or some other institution（大学或其它机构中教师等的）长期聘用 P139 line23

HCI human-computer interaction 人机交互 P139 line24

ETC Entertainment Technology Center 娱乐科技中心 P139 line29

interactive adj. allowing direct communication between the user and the machine 交互式的；相互作用的 P139 line29

zest n. a feeling of pleasure and enthusiasm 热情；兴趣 P139 line31

Research Paper Writing

• Beginning

ü Title page

ü signature page

ü Abstract in English

ü Abstract in Chinese

ü Table of contents

ü List of tables

ü List of figures

• Body

ü Title page

ü signature page

ü Abstract in English

ü Abstract in Chinese

ü Table of contents

ü List of tables

ü List of figures

• Ending

ü References

ü appendices

ü Acknowledgements

• Process of writing Introduction:

• 1. Starting with the research background

• 2. Moving toward the existing problem

• 3. Focusing on the present research

Note：the past or present tense, never the future tense

• Components of literature review:

• 1. Conceptual definitions of key terms

• 2. An examination of the research topics in light of the theoretical perspective

• 3. A description of related empirical studies with evaluating comments

• 4. A critical review of research design including instruments related to your study

• 5. A conceptual framework if there is any.

(a list of assumptions that have been established based on your literature review)

• How to write literature review:

• 1. Define key terms conceptually

• 2. Review from the theoretical perspective

• 3. Describe and evaluate relevant empirical studies

• 4. Examine research designs

• 5. Describe the conceptual framework in your study (a list of assumptions that have been established based on your literature review) .

Types of methods

--- qualitative: in liberal arts and social sciences

observation, sound recordings, questionnaires, interviews, etc.

--- quantitative: in science

pre-experimental research, experimental research.

--- descriptive: in liberal arts and social sciences

between the qualitative and quantitative research methods.

case study, group study, survey, development research, etc.

• Components of the Methodology:

• 1. Introduction

• 2. General and specific research questions/hypotheses

• 3. Subjects

• 4. Materials/Instruments

• 5. Design and procedure

• 7. Data-collection

• 8. Data-analysis

• Research question: the question you attempt to answer in your paper; this is the focus of your research and the answer to the question, constitutes the central idea of your paper.

• Hypothesis: your prediction, made sometimes before reading the sources, as to what your research will reveal about the topic; that is, what answers you expect to find for the major questions raised by the topic.

• Components of Results and Discussion:

1. Presenting results

2. Discussing results

3. Evaluations of the significance of a result

• Components of the Conclusion:

1. Major findings

2. Implications

--theoretical implications

--methodological implications

--practical implications

3. Recommendations for future research

Summary

What are the requirements of a good summary?

• 1. Comprehensive.

• 2. Concise.

• 3. Coherent.

• 4. Independent.

What Are the Steps in Writing a Summary?

• 1. Read the passage carefully.

• 2. Reread and underline.

• 3. Write one-sentence summaries

• 4. Write the first draft of your summary

• 5. Check your summary against the original passage

• 6. Revise your summary,

Ways to make a summary brief and clear

• Omitting the details.

• Reducing the examples

• Simplifying the descriptions.

• Eliminating all repetitions.

• Using phrases instead of clauses or sentences.

• Using general words Instead of specific words.

• Using the shortest possible transitions.

• Avoiding figurative language.

• Putting the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.

How to shorten your summary

• 1)Change clauses to short phrases

• 2)Change clauses and phrases to single words

Language points

• gracious (Para1, L2)

kind, polite and generous

• mitigate (Para1, L6)

to moderate in force or intensity; to alleviate

• devastating (Para1, L7)

destroying 毁灭性的

• peat land (Para2, L2)

泥炭地

• floodplain (Para3, L8)

a plain bordering a river and subject to flooding 冲积平原，泛滥平原，河漫滩

• flyway(Para7, L3)

a seasonal route followed by birds migrating to and from their breeding areas 候鸟飞行的路线

• conserve (Para8, L2)

to prevent from being changed , lost or destroyed

• give voice to sb.：to allow sb. to speak 让某人说

• Godspeed(Para 10)

Wish you success and safety 祝福您

• unambiguously [ʌnæm'bɪɡjʊrslɪ] adv. 明确地，毫不含糊地。

• piece [‘pi:sɪz] n. 匹头，毛束；件片块个工件零件；作品。

• symposium [sɪmˈpoziəm] n. 专题讨论会，座谈会，学术报告会；专题论文集；（古希腊）酒宴，宴会。

• canvass [‘kænvəs] n. 讨论；细查；劝诱。

• inequality [ɪnɪ‘kwɒlɪtɪ] n. 不平等,歧视；不同；不平均。

• perception [pə‘sepʃ(ə)n] n. 知觉；感觉；看法；洞察力； 观念。

• ideology [,aɪdɪ‘ɒlədʒɪ] n. 意识形态；思想意识；观念学。

• divergence  [daɪˈvə:dʒəns] n. 分叉；分歧；背离；离题。

• destitute [ˈdestɪtu:t] adj. 极度缺乏的；穷困的；

• entitle [in‘taitld] v. 给…权利；给…定书名；授…以荣誉。

• pension [‘penʃ(ə)n] n. 退休金，抚恤金；津贴；膳宿费。

• altruism ['æltrʊɪz(ə)m] n. 利他主义。

• seclusion [sɪˈkluʒən] n. 隔绝，隔离，隐居。

• exogenous [ekˈsɒdʒənəs] adj. 外生的，外成的，外因的。

• economic outcomes 经济收益

• be it：whether it be 不管是

• justify 加以考量

English for International Academic Exchanges

convene [kən‘viːn]  

vt.召集；召开 vi.集合arrange(a conference, a meeting, etc.)

congenial [kən‘dʒiːnɪəl]

adj.意气相投的；适宜的 ~(to sb.)(of a place,job,etc.)pleasant because it suits your character

Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up to the world

自改革开放政策的实施以来

I would like all of you to feel at home in China and wish the conference a great success.

我希望您们都能在中国有宾至如归的感觉并祝愿大会开得圆满成功。

resonance [‘rez(ə)nəns]

n.共鸣；反响；共振

the special meaning that sth. has for you because it relates to your own experience

fragility [frə‘dʒɪlətɪ]

n.脆弱；易碎性；脆弱性the quality of being weak and easily broken

transparency [træns'pærənsi] n. 透明；幻灯片

The quality of glass,plastic,etc.that makes it possible for you to see through it

embrace [ɪm‘breɪs] vt. 拥抱；欣然接受；包含Accept or take willingly

to name but a few  仅举几例

call on  拜访

come to terms with  开始接受

tutorial [tjuː'tɔːrɪəl] n. 教程；专题报告；学习指南

distinguished delegates and guests 尊敬的各位代表和来宾

critical challenge 重大的挑战

new research direction 新的研究方向

Striking adj. 引人注目的

futuristic [fjuːtʃə'rɪstɪk]  adj. 未来派的；未来主义的

ample ['æmp(ə)l] adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的

non-sinusoidal [ˌsaɪnə'sɔɪdl] adj. 非正弦

Sequency Union 列率联盟

disseminate [dɪ'sɛmɪnet] v. 宣传，传播；散布

advance   [əd‘væns]  v. 推动

highlight   ['haɪlaɪt]  

vt. 突出；强调；使显著；加亮

n. 最精彩的部分；最重要的事情；加亮区

milestone  ['maɪlstəʊn]   n. 里程碑，划时代的事件

Task 2 Giving a closing speech

1.distinguished guest [P204] 贵宾 嘉宾

2.thermodynamics [p204]

The science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. 热力学

3.Manhattan[p204] 曼哈顿

4.belonging [p205] n secure relationship, a sense of belonging 稳定关系、归属感

5.backbone [p205] n The backbone of sth 某事物的中坚

6.Istanbul [p206] n The capital of Turkey

7.delegate[p206]

n someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group

8. converge[Para1] v. to come toward each other and meet at a point 趋向一致，达成一致

9. infrastructure[Para1]n. subordinate parts of sth; basis .eg infrastructure gaps 基础设施

10. Steering Committee [Para2]指导委员会

11. mint[Para3] v to make sth by stamping metal  铸造

12. tangible[Para4] a. clear and definite 切实的

13. digital divide (Para5): 数字鸿沟

14.biochemistry[Setting] n.[U] 生物化学

15.illuminating[Para2] a. making something much clearer and easier to understand

16.informative[Para2] a. giving much information资料丰富的、增进知识的。

genetics

n. the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms 遗传学

aquaculture

n. rearing aquatic animals or cultivating aquatic plants for food 水产养殖；水产业

The 4th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture  

第四届国际水产遗传学会议

municipal

adj. relating to the government of a municipality 市政的，市的；地方自治的

hub n. central point 中心、核心

metropolis n. a large and densely populated urban area 大都市；首府；重要中心

metallurgical adj. relating to metallurgy 冶金的；冶金学的

textile industry n. 纺织工业

the Yellow Crane Tower 黄鹤楼  

the Ancient Lute Pavilion 古琴台

the Qingchuan Pavilion  晴川阁  

the Guiyuan Buddhistic Temple 归元寺

historical/historic (Para. 5)

historical：of or concerning history 历史的，有关历史的

historic：famous or important in history 历史上著名的，历史上重大的，有历史意义的

Eg. historical research/figure/background/context/change

historic building/event/era/task

Beijing Polytechnic University

【旧】北京工业大学（Beijing University of Technology 【新】）

Sino-British a. 中英的

vice-chancellor n. 大学副校长

world-renowned adj. 世界知名的

nurture v. to educate，help develop, help grow 培育

innumerable a. too numerous to be counted 无数的，数不清的

prosperity

n. an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment 繁荣

conducive

a. tending to bring about; being partly responsible for 有益的；有助于……的

embark

vi. to proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers 从事

UNIT 6 TASK 1 SAMPLE 1

University of Louisiana [lu:,i:zi'ænə] 路易斯安娜大学

Purdue University 普渡大学

inexpensive housing 经济适用房

intrigue ['ɪn'triɡ] 激起······兴趣

intrigue v. arouse somebody’s interest or curiosity

hurricane ['hɜːrəkeɪn] 飓风

rostrum ['rɔstrəm] 讲坛，演讲者

rostrum n. raised platform from which public speeches are made

binder ['baɪndɚ] 粘合剂

binder n. substance that makes things stick together 粘合剂

durable ['dʊrəbl] 耐用的，持久的

state-of -the-art 最先进的

state-of-the-art adj. the newest and most advanced ideas and methods

in a matter of 大约在······之内

at your earliest convenience 得便务请

I was intrigued by the recent accomplishments of you and your students in designing and providing “instant” housing to victims of the recent hurricane in Central America. (Para 1, L3)

您和您的学生为中美洲最近受飓风影响的受灾群众设计提供了“即时”住房，你们所取得的最新成就深深的吸引了我。

Therefore, I wish to learn about construction techniques of developing new structures in your working group for six months, preferably during April through September. (Para 1, L6)

因此，我希望能够在您的工作团队进行为期六个月的学习，学习关于开发新结构的建造技术，时间最好是在4月到9月期间。

Together we, along with a group of students, have spent the past two summers showing people in South Central Africa how to mix a specially prepared binder developed by our research lab with local materials to make durable homes in a matter of days. (Para 2, L3)

我们和学生一起，在过去的两个夏天向非洲中南部地区的人们展示了如何把一种我们研究实验室研制的特殊粘合剂与当地的材料混合起来，在数日之内制造持久耐用的房屋。

UNIT 6 TASK 1 SAMPLE 2

bachelor's ['bætʃəlɚ] degree 学士学位

master's degree 硕士学位

Particle ['pɑrtɪkl] Physics 粒子物理学

Particle Physics Department 粒子物理系

curriculum [kə'rɪkjələm] vitae ['vitaɪ] 简历

GPA--grade point average 平均绩点分

linguistically [liŋ‘gwistikəli] 在语言方面，在语言学方面

IELTS--The International English Language Testing System 雅思

GRE--Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学考试

I am very much interested in pursuing a master’s degree in Particle Physics at the Particle Physics Department of Oxford University. (Para1, L2)

我非常想攻读牛津大学粒子物理系的粒子物理学硕士学位。

From my review of graduate programs and discussion with my professors, I find that Oxford University has the largest university particle physics group in the UK, with a large academic and support staff. (Para1, L4)

从我对研究生课程的考察以及与教授们的讨论中，我发现牛津大学拥有全英国最大的粒子物理学团队，拥有庞大的学术和教辅人员队伍。

I have also worked with Dr. Liu Wei and Professor Luo Lei on research topics like the applied physics at the enterprise level. (Para2, L3）

我也曾与刘伟博士和罗雷教授一起做过像企业级的应用物理学这类研究课题。

I would be grateful if you would send me the application forms for admission and financial support at your earliest convenience. (Para 3, L1)

如果您能尽早给我发送入学申请表格和经济资助申请表格，我将不胜感激。

UNIT 6 TASK 1 SAMPLE 3

candidate ['kændɪˌdet]候选人

School of Environmental Science and Engineering 环境科学与材料学院

International Conference on Cities and Conservation 城市与保护国际会议

forthcoming [ˌfɔrθ'kʌmɪŋ] 即将来临的

expertise ['ɛkspɝ'tiz] 专业知识

I am currently doing research in Prof. Wang’s working group on water pollution prevention technology and water reuse, the area that I have always been interested in. (Para 2, L1)

我现在王教授的工作团队做关于水污染防治技术和水的再利用的研究，我对这个领域一直很感兴趣。

I believe that attending such a conference will provide me with a very good opportunity to exchange ideas and expertise with attendees from different parts of the world, and more importantly, to learn from them. (Para 2, L3)

我相信参加这样的会议，会向我提供一个与来自世界各地的与会者交流思想和专业知识的好机会，更重要的是向他们学习。

UNIT 6 TASK 2 SAMPLE 3

curriculum vitae 简历

M.S. Master of Science 理学硕士

B.S. Bachelor of Science 理学学士

aerosol n. [物化] 气溶胶；气雾剂

particle n. 微粒，粒子

distribution n. 分布；分配

particle size distribution 粒径分布，粒子大小分布

assistant n. 助手，助理

mechanism n. 机制；原理

WPS Word Processing System 文字处理系统

carbonaceous adj. 碳的，含碳的

proficient adj. 熟练的，精通的

deposition n. 沉积物

atmospheric adj. 大气的，大气层的

marital adj. 婚姻的；夫妇间的

UNIT 6 TASK 3 SAMPLE 1

prominent：adj.著名的; 突出的，杰出的; 突起的;

millennium：n. 千禧年; 一千年; 千年期; 全人类未来的幸福时代;

concentration：n. 浓度; 集中; 专心; 关注;

facilitate：vt. 帮助; 促进，助长; 使容易;

renovation：n. 翻新; 整修; 修复; 恢复活力;

unprecedented：adj. 空前的; 前所未有的，无前例的; 无比的; 新奇的，崭新的;

metropolis： n. 大都市，大都会; 首府，首都; 大主教区; 大城市;

revitalization： n. 新生，复兴;

prestigious：adj. 受尊敬的，有声望的;

Under these circumstances，professionals （who can deal creatively with issues in urban design within existing cities and at the growth edge of metropolis ）are in great demand.(Para 2, L6-8)

在这种情况下，对（可以创造性地处理现有城市和大都市发展边缘的城市设计问题）的专业人士都有很大的需求。

Nanjing Road in Shanghai（ is the most well-known commercial district in China with a history of over 150 years）, and （is regarded as an “architectural museum of the world ” because of its variety of architectural styles.）(Para3, L5-7)

在上海的南京路是中国最著名的商业区，有超过150年的历史，并且由于它的建筑风格各异，被认为是“世界建筑博物馆

( With solid academic background and practical experience in the field ), I believe the proposed Ph.D. education will provide me with a broader view and exceptional creativity ( in seeking effective solutions to the related problems in architecture in contemporary China. ) (Para5, L7-10)

凭借扎实的学术背景和在该领域的实践经验，我相信所提出的博士教育将在我寻求解决当代建筑相关问题的有效方法时给我提供更广阔的视野和非凡的创造力。

UNIT 6 TASK 3 SAMPLE 2

folklore： n. 民俗学; 民间传说; 民间创作;

biblical： adj. 圣经的; 依据圣经的;

prominently：adv. 显著地，重要地;

manuscript：n. 手稿; 原稿; 底稿; 手写本; adj.  手写的，手抄的;

dominant: adj.  占优势的; 统治的，支配的; [生] 显性的; 高耸的;

n.  [生] 显性性状，显性基因; 优势物种;

[乐] 全阶第五音; 主因，要素;

figurative: adj.  比喻的; 象征的; 修饰多的; 呈现的;

sake：n. 缘故; 理由; 日本米酒; 目的;

The relationship between “high” and folk literature became the subject of my honors essay，which examined Toni Morrison’s use of classical, biblical, African, and Afro-American folk tradition in her novel. (Para2, L5-7)

“高雅”文学和民间文学之间的关系是我的毕业论文的主题，该论文考查了托尼·莫里森在其小说中所使用古典的、圣经的、非洲人、和非裔美国人的民俗传统。

The dominant theme of this collection relies on poems （that draw from classical, biblical, and folk tradition, as well as everyday experience,） in order to celebrate the process of giving and taking life, whether literal or figurative.( Para4,L3-6)

这个文集的主要主题有赖于从古典、圣经和民间传统以及日常经验中得到的诗歌，以讴歌生与死的过程，无论是字面意还是比喻意。

UNIT 6 TASK 3 SAMPLE 3

• latitude [ˈlætɪtu:d] n.纬度

•  passionate [ˈpæʃənɪt] adj.热烈的

•  minor [ˈmaɪnɚ] n.辅修

•  spatial [ˈspeʃəl] adj.空间的

•  unearth [ʌnˈɜ:rθ] v.发掘

•  elusive [ɪˈlusɪv] adj.难以捉摸的

•  parameter [pəˈræmɪtɚ] n.参数

• scenario [səˈnærioʊ] n.预测，设想，方案

•  algorithm [ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm] n.算法，计算程序

•  internship [ˈɪntɜ:rnʃɪp] n.实习

•  proficiency [prəˈfɪʃənsi] n.熟练

•  accrue [əˈkru] v.累积

•  glacier [ˈɡlæsiə(r)] [ˈgleɪʃər] n.冰川

•  catastrophic [ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk] adj.灾难性的

•  discern [dɪˈsɜ:rn] v.辨别