15 河流特征 （实用）river running technique ...

Reading a river is no different than reading a book, you just need to understand the language you need to have, the vocabulary we are going to introduce to you all the different types of features in a river once you know those features and known by name, you're then gonna be able to put the pieces together to come up with what the rapid is really doing.

What we are gonna teach you in reading a river is simply being able to identify the proper route through the river, and the proper way to get through a rapid is easily as possible with the skills that you have.

Reading a river as a Superfund part of whitewater kayaking because every rapid is a little bit different and everyone tells a little different story, some Rapids are long, long, they read like a long chapter, some of them are super short and they read like a sentence.

Those are the easiest ones, so let's first introduce to you each individual feature.

The first feature I want to introduce to you is the eddy, there are several parts of an ATA you want to be aware of, the anatomy of an eddy, the first is the top of an eddy, the top of an eddy is the very most upstream side of the eddy.

It's usually up against a rock or red against the shore around a corner, then you have the bottom of the eddy, the bottom is the most downstream side where the where the eddy or the slow water starts disappearing and turning back into current.

You also have the eddy line, and the eddy line separates the current from the Eddie.

Understanding the eddy line is key, which is a separate feature in itself, lastly, you need to know about the pocket of the ad, the pocket is the most stationary or upstream moving current and the eddy that's the place where if you can get your kayak to.

You're going to be able to sit there and hang out.

The next feature I want to introduce is the hole, the hole is probably the most misunderstood feature in all of river running, and the reason is because paul's take a little bit of skill to work with.

And what a hole is, is it simply where the water rushes over Iraq?

Creates a trough in the river and the downstream water fills in on itself fills the trough in creating a foam plough do you see a wave breaking and the ocean that foam pile is essentially a hole same thing out here on the river.

Now that anatomy of a whole a whole has several parts, you need to be aware of the foam pile that's the upstream rushing water, what we call the boil line that separates the water, kinda like the bottom of the hole separates where the water starts going down stream again.

And with the water still rushing upstream, you also have the corners of the hole, the corners of the hole where the foam pile disappears in her back into the current very similar to.

The corners of eddies.

Now the next thing you need to be aware of is the shape of a hole when we talked about the shape, the shape is if you had a bird's eye view looking facing downstream and looking at the foam file.

If the if the foam pile is straight across to it is called a straight hole the phone while it looks like a smiley face, where the corners are further downstream.

Then the center of the hole, we call it a smiley hall, if the corners are more upstream we call a pocket hole or a frown e hole, the last kind of hole is a diagonal hole one where the foam pile.

Runs diagonally across the river, meaning one end is further downstream and the other end is further upstream, each one of these holes, you'll deal with slightly differently, and we'll get into that in the techniques section of how to go through holes.

Another awesome feature and white water rivers are rocks, rocks are pretty much what makes the white water the rocks are the the bottom of the river, the rock sometimes are large boulders or just little rocks in the river you're gonna find all of these things.

And almost every white water river you run.

Well, you basically need to be able to identify with Iraq is whether that rock is friendly or whether the rock is not friendly.

Most rocks in a river are quite friendly, you'll find that they have pillows on them, they tend to be smooth enough that you can paddle around them, you can paddle over them, you can bump into them, there are a few rocks out there that you most definitely need to be aware of.

Those types of rocks are number one, fan rocks are very sharp rocks, or the water hit some in russia's past, some very fast.

Those were rocks are not friendly because they tend to get a kayak stuck or pinned on them, they can be sharp, but also that they do not create any kind of a pillow, so that water rushes by him very quickly.

You also have what's called undercut, rocks undercut rocks are simply rocks that are sitting on top of something, and what happens is that some of the water goes under them, creating what's called a sieve.

An undercut rock is dangerous because not only can the water go under under the rock, but also boats and bodies potentially can go under there, causing a pen and trap meant or even a death and worst case scenario.

Now the cool thing about rocks or most of them are extremely safe, but it is key as a river runner that you can identify dangerous rock from friendly rock and we'll go over those as well.

The next feature you're gonna find in a river as the eddy line, is what separates the current gone down river with the slack water, which is called the Eddie now in any line comes in a lot of different forms, you've got crisp.

Player any lines which are sharp line between the current and the eddy, those are the easiest to deal with, you also have wide ad lines, mushy any lines or otherwise known as boiling eddy lines.

Does any lines, if you look at it, you don't actually see a distinct line between the current and the eddy current almost fades out and then slowly turns into an eddy, so it's a little less distinct.

Another thing you're going to find with any lines is how strong the current differential is, some eddy lines are super strong, it's really a fast current, and then a really strong eddy, so the current differential is huge and the difference between the current and the eddy is extremely visible.

Then you've got slow or slack, moving water with a very much you're very slow, eddy current differential is much smaller.

The next feature I want to introduce you to his ways now waves are awesome part of river running waves are what makes your boat bounce up and down waves are things that you can surf in the river I mean, waves make kayaking unbelievably fun.

Awesome now what you're going to find in a way, the anatomy of a wave is the peak which is the very top of the wave, then you have the trough which is the very bottom of the deepest depression, you also have the shoulders of the waves and shoulders the most.

To the right or left of the wave is a wave starts to disappear as we discuss how to go through waves you're in, you need to know that that terminology because we are going to refer to it quite a bit.

阅读河流和阅读一本书没有什么不同，你只需要理解你需要掌握的语言，我们将向你介绍河流中所有不同类型特征的词汇，一旦你知道这些特征的名字，你就能够把这些碎片拼凑起来，想出激流真正在做什么。

我们要教你读懂河流的方法，就是用你所掌握的技能，找出穿过河流的正确路线，以及尽可能轻松地通过急流的正确方法。

阅读一条河流作为激流皮划艇的超级基金，因为每个激流都有一点不同，每个人讲述的故事都有一点不同，有些激流很长，读起来像一个很长的章节，有些非常短，读起来像一个句子。

这些都是最简单的，所以让我们首先向你介绍每个单独的功能。

我想给大家介绍的第一个特征是涡流，你要知道洄水的几个部分，涡流的解剖结构，第一个是涡流的顶部，涡流的顶部是D的最上游。

它通常靠在岩石上，或者红色靠在拐角处的岸边，然后是涡流的底部，底部是涡流或慢水开始消失并重新变成水流的最下游的一侧。

你还有涡流线，涡流线将主流和涡流分开。

了解涡流线是关键，这本身就是一个独立的功能，最后，你需要知道水袋，口袋是最多的文具或上游流动的主流，涡流是如果你能让你的皮艇到达的地方。

你就可以坐在那里闲逛了。

我想介绍的下一个功能是水洞，洞可能是所有河流中最容易被误解的功能，原因是需要一点技巧。

洞是什么洞，就是水流冲过岩石的地方。

在河里形成一个槽，下游的水自己填满这个槽。在形成泡沫冲击的过程中，你会看到海浪在海洋中破碎，泡沫堆积在河上，这基本上是一回事。

水就像洞的底部分开，水又开始顺流而下，随着水继续逆流而上，你也会看到洞的角落，洞的角落，或者泡沫堆消失在她的背后，进入水流中。

与涡流的角非常相似，接下来你需要注意的是整体的形状，当我们谈论这个形状时，如果你鸟瞰朝向下游。

看泡沫锉，如果泡沫堆是直的，我们就把它叫做泡沫直孔，而在角落更下游的地方，它看起来像一个笑脸。

然后在洞的中心，我们称之为笑脸堂，如果角落更上游，我们称之为口袋洞或皱眉邪恶，最后一种洞是对角线洞，泡沫堆对角线穿过河流的意思。

两条河流都是岩石，岩石几乎是造成白水的原因岩石是河底，岩石有时是大圆石，有时只是河里的小石头。你会在几乎每一条白水河流中发现所有这些东西。

你基本上需要能够认同，不管那块石头是友好的还是不友好的，河里的大多数石头都很友好，你会发现它们上面有枕头，它们往往足够光滑，你可以在它们周围划水，你可以在它们上面划水。

你可能会碰到它们，有一些岩石你肯定需要注意，这些类型的岩石不是第一位的，薄岩石是非常锋利的岩石，会被水击中，有些是的岩石，有些是非常快的岩石。

这些岩石不友好，因为它们容易卡住或别在上面的皮划艇，它们可能很锋利，而且它们不能形成任何枕头，所以水很快就从他身边流过。

也有所谓的下切，岩石下切岩石只是位于某物之上的岩石，发生的情况是一些水进入它们下面，形成所谓的筛子，下切岩石是危险的，因为水不仅可以沉入岩石下面。

但船只和尸体也可能沉入水下，导致围栏和治疗，甚至在最坏的情况下导致死亡。

现在，岩石或大多数岩石都非常安全，但作为一名河流赛跑者，关键是你能区分危险岩石和友好岩石，我们也会仔细研究这些岩石。

你将在河流中发现涡流线的下一个特征是将顺流而下的水流与松弛的水分开，这被称为涡流。现在许多涡流线有许多不同的形式，你有桨。

主流和涡流之间的任何线条都是最容易处理的，你也有宽的线，任何线条都是糊状的，或者被称为沸腾的涡流线。

有没有哪条线，如果你观察它，你实际上并没有看到主流和涡流之间明显的线，主流几乎逐渐消失，然后慢慢变成涡流，所以它有点不太明显。

你会发现任何线路的另一件事是主流差分有多强，一些金属线路是超强的，是非常快的主流，然后是非常强的涡流，所以电流差分。

水流和涡流之间的差异非常明显，水流缓慢或松弛，水流非常缓慢，涡流差要小得多。

下一个特点我想向你介绍他的方式现在海浪是河流运行的一部分海浪是什么让你的船在波浪上上下跳动的东西是你可以在河里冲浪的东西我的意思是，海浪让皮划艇变得难以置信的有趣。

现在你会发现，在波浪中，波浪的解剖结构是波峰，也就是波浪的最顶端，然后你有波谷，也就是最深的凹陷的最底部，你也有波浪的肩膀和最多的肩膀。

在波浪的右边或左边，有一个波浪开始消失。

当我们讨论如何经历波浪时，你需要知道这个术语，因为我们会经常提到它。