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有界vs无界:分区间分析(2019课标Ⅰ导数)

2022-10-18 12:31 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2019课标Ⅰ,20)已知函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Csin%20%20x-%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201%2Bx%20%5Cright)%20f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的导数.证明:

(1)f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20在区间%5Cleft(%20-1%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20存在唯一极大值点;

(2)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有且仅有2个零点.

解:(1)f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccos%20%20x-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1%2Bx%7D

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20

g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D-%5Csin%20%20x%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cleft(%201%2Bx%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D

易知g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg'%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3D1%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3E0%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg'%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3D-1%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cleft(%201%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D

故存在唯一%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_0%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20

使得g'%5Cleft(%20x_0%20%5Cright)%20%3D0.

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2Cx_0%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x_0%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7Dg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D.

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20-1%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20存在唯一极大值点%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_0%7D.

(2)注意到%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D0%7D

所以%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%20x_0%20%5Cright)%20%3E%7Df'%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D

又因为%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_1%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20x_0%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20,使得f'%5Cleft(%20x_1%20%5Cright)%20%3D0.

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2Cx_1%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%20%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20x_1%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

注意到%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D0%7D

所以%5Cforall%20x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-1%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft(%200%2Cx_1%20%5Cright)%20

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Ef%5Cleft(%200%5Cright)%3D0

又因为%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3D1-%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3E0%7D

所以%5Cforall%20x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20x_1%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Ef%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

所以f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20-1%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20仅有唯一零点%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D.

找到1个

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D-1%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D%3C1-%5Cln%20%20%5Cleft(%201%2Bx%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D无零点.

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft%5B%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D-1%20%5Cright%5D%7D,易知f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

又因为%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D-1%20%5Cright)%20%7D%3D%5Csin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D-1%20%5Cright)%20-1%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D

故存在唯一%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_2%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cpi%7D%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D-1%20%5Cright)%20

使得f%5Cleft(%20x_2%20%5Cright)%20%3D0.(找到2个

综上所述:f%5Cleft(%20x%5Cright)有且仅有2个零点:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_2%7D.

证毕.

有界vs无界:分区间分析(2019课标Ⅰ导数)的评论 (共 条)

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