外刊逐句精读｜《卫报》：网络仇恨犯罪是谁的锅？｜CATTI一级译员外刊精读...
红色：主句 蓝色：从句 黄色：从句连词、关系代词 灰色：插入语、例句、同位语 绿色：长难句分析 紫色：词根词缀 （）：修饰成分，包括定语、状语等 下划线：词汇词组 高亮：连词
思考题
- 社交媒体是否有积极应对？
- 积累到哪些极端犯罪词汇？
Buffalo might never have happened if online hate had been tackled (after Christchurch)
如果在基督城枪击事件后之后解决了网络仇恨问题，布法罗事件可能永远不会发生
Social media giants Meta, Twitter and Google have done little to fight radicalisation, violating their own rules
社交媒体巨头 Meta、Twitter 和谷歌在对抗激进化方面的不作为违反了自己的规则
- Buffalo n. （纽约州）布法罗
- tackle v. 处理，解决
- Christchurch n. （新西兰）基督城
- radicalisation n. 激进化
radicalise v. 使激进
radical a. 激进的
Americans are facing another tragedy – this time in Buffalo – as 11 Black and two white victims were shot (in a “racially motivated hate crime”) (suspected to have been perpetrated (by a young man) who spent much of his life online, where he appears to have been radicalised.
美国人正面临着又一场悲剧——这次是在布法罗——11名黑人和两名白人受害者在一次“种族仇恨犯罪”中被枪杀，这起犯罪的嫌疑人是由一名在网上度过人生大部分时间的年轻人，他似乎在网上变得非常激进。
as引导伴随状语从句，"suspected to......a young man"是过去分词做后置定语修饰hate crime，who引导的定语从句修饰a young man，where引导的定语状语从句修饰online。
- motivate v. 推动，激发
- hate crime n. 仇恨犯罪
- suspect v. 怀疑，疑有
- perpetrate v. 犯（罪）
He used the same digital playbook (as the Christchurch terrorist): livestream footage of his attack and a “manifesto” that quoted the same “great replacement” and other white supremacist theories.
他使用了与基督城枪击案恐怖分子相同的数字手段：对他的袭击进行现场直播，提出了一个“宣言”，这个“宣言”引用了相同的“大替代理论”和其他白人至上主义理论。
- playbook n. 球队战术册
- terrorist n. 恐怖分子
terrorism n. 恐怖主义
- footage n. 影片、影片片段
- manifesto n. 宣言
- quote v. 引用、引述
- replacement n. 替代
- supremacist n. 至上主义者
supremacy n. 至高无上
He mentions the Christchurch terrorist (by name) (in his manifesto).
他在宣言中提到了基督城事件恐怖分子的名字。
- by name 用名字
She asked for you by name.
她点名要找你。
段落大意：
布法罗发生了枪击事件，是典型的仇恨犯罪，和基督城袭击有相似之处。
(In our most recent research report (looking at anti-Muslim hate), we found that the big social media companies were collectively failing to act on 89% of posts that advocated the great replacement theory – (despite pledges (made in the wake of the Christchurch terrorist attack and subsequent, ideologically driven violent extremism attacks) (at the Tree of Life Synagogue (in Pittsburgh); (in Halle, Germany); and (in El Paso).
在最近关于反穆斯林仇恨的研究报告中，我们发现，尽管在基督城恐怖袭击和随后发生在匹兹堡生命之树犹太教堂、德国哈勒、埃尔帕索的由意识形态驱动的暴力极端主义袭击之后，大型社交媒体公司做出了承诺，他们却集体未能对89%的鼓吹大替代理论的帖子采取行动。
第一个括号里的内容的地点状语，looking at anti-Muslim hate为后置定语修饰research report。found后面是that引导的定语从句，posts后面的that引导的定语从句，定语从句嵌套在宾语从句中。despite pledges....是宾语从句中的让步状语，made in the wake of sth.是修饰pledges的后置定语，the Christchurch terrorist attack和subsequent, ideologically driven violent extremism attacks是由and连接的跟在in the wake of后的并列内容，attacks后面由分号并列的三个地点状语分别代表了发生在三个地区的袭击事件。
- post n. 帖子
- advocate v. 提倡，支持
- pledge n. 保证，诺言
- in the wake of 随.....之后而来
- subsequent a. 随后
- ideologically ad. 意识形态地
- Synagogue n. 犹太教堂
These are not “lone wolf” attacks. The individuals are connected (through online communities (on social media), where they share ideas, tactics and content.
以上事件不是“孤狼式”袭击。 这些个体通过社交媒体的线上社区联系在一起，在那里他们分享想法、策略和内容。
- lone wolf n. 喜欢单干的人，孤狼
- tactic n. 策略，手段
段落大意：
社交媒体平台诶呦积极把控极端内容，激进分子会通过社交媒体分享信息。
(In a joint statement (in 2019), Meta, Twitter and Google committed to uphold the Christchurch Call (to eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online).
在2019年的联合声明中，Meta、Twitter 和谷歌承诺支持基督城呼吁，以消除网络恐怖主义和暴力极端主义内容。
- commit v. 承诺
be committed to doing/sth.
commit sb /themselves to do
- uphold v. 支持，拥护
- Christchurch Call 基督城呼吁
- eliminate v. 消除
They stated that they would be “resolute (in [their] commitment) (to ensure) [they] are doing all [they] can (to fight the hatred and extremism) that lead to terrorist violence”.
他们声明，他们将“坚定地承诺确保他们竭尽所能去打击会导致恐怖主义暴力的仇恨和极端主义”。
state后面的蓝色部分是that引导的宾语从句，ensure后面的蓝色部分是省略了that的宾语从句，最后that引导的定语从句修饰the hatred and extremism。
- resolute a. 坚决的
= determined
段落大意：
各大社交媒体巨头曾经承诺坚决打击网络仇恨和极端主义。
The failure of social media companies (to act sufficiently (on known racist content (connected with terrorism) is a violation of their own terms and conditions, the pledges (made to an international community) when the cameras were rolling, and the dignity that the victims of Buffalo were entitled to have – the right to life.
社交媒体公司未能充分应对已知的与恐怖主义有关的种族主义内容，这违背了他们自己的条款，违背了他们在镜头前对国际社会的承诺，也违背了布法罗事件受害者应当享有的尊严 ——生命权。
主句是主系表结构，主干为"The failure is a violation of sth."，主句的主语是"the failure of sb to do"结构。their own terms and conditions，the pledges，the dignity是of后面并列的介宾，说明violation的内容。
- sufficiently ad. 充分地
- violation n. 违反
- terms and conditions 条款
- roll v. （机器）启动，开动
- be entitled to do 有资格做某事
段落大意：
社交媒体巨头未能遵守承诺监管内容，违背了多项原则。
Social media and online spaces are often where people meet, seek information and become radicalised (through a rabbit-hole of lies, hate and misinformation).
翻译一：社交媒体和在线空间通常是人们见面、搜索信息并通过充斥着谎言、仇恨和错误信息的无底洞变得激进的地方。
翻译二：人们通常通过社交媒体和线上空间相互结交、搜索信息，也会因为充斥着谎言、仇恨和虚假信息的无底洞而变得激进。
- rabbit-hole n. 兔子窝
比喻可以让人进入到一个很美妙/很麻烦的超现实状态的事物。在网络语境下，一般指的是一个特别有吸引力、特别能消耗时间的话题，又被称为“无底洞”
go down/fall down the rabbit hold
- misinformation n. （故意制造的）假消息
Those (with fringe beliefs) will be exposed to increasingly more radical content (as a result of recommendation algorithms).
由于推荐算法，那些具有极端思想的人将接触到越来越激进的内容。
- fringe a. 非主流的，极端的
- algorithm n. 算法
The failure of social media giants (to effectively tackle online hate and misinformation) has real-world impacts. Words can kill.
社交媒体巨头未能有效处理网络仇恨和虚假信息，这对现实世界产生了影响。 言语可以杀人。
- tackle v. 处理
- real-world a. 真实世界的
段落大意：
社交网络助长激进主义和犯罪的原因。
Perhaps the only thing that explains why – despite so many pledges, so many platitudes and commitments to voluntary frameworks – the social media platforms have failed to act is because of the memo that Andrew Bosworth, now chief technical officer of Meta, wrote to his fellow employees (on their internal messaging board), (called the Ugly Truth).
为什么尽管有如此多的承诺、如此多的陈词滥调和对自愿性框架的承诺，社交媒体平台依然未能采取行动？唯一的解释可能是现任Meta首席技术官Andrew Bosworth在公司内部的信息栏写给他的同事的备忘录，这个备忘录被称作丑陋的真相。
红色部分是主句，主系表结构。that引导的定语从句修饰the only thing，explain后面是一个由why引导的宾语从句，灰色部分是宾语从句中的让步状语，做补充说明成分，可以先略去不看，定语从句里钳套着宾语从句。the only thing that explains why....=the reason why....。memo后面的that引导的定语从句和过去分词短语called the Ugly Truth都是修饰memo的定语。
- platitude n. 老生常谈，陈词滥调
- voluntary framework 自愿性框架
- memo n. 备忘录
In it he said: “So we connect more people. That can be bad if they make it negative.
他在备忘录中说：“所以我们把更多人联系在了一起。 如果他们带来了负面内容，那可能会很糟糕。
Maybe it costs a life (by exposing someone to bullies). Maybe someone dies (in a terrorist attack (co-ordinated on our tools). And still we connect people.”
如果将某人暴露给欺凌者可能会付出生命的代价。也许有人在用我们的工具组织协调起来的一场恐怖袭击中丧生。我们依然会将人们联系起来。”
- bully n. 仗势欺人者
段落大意：
以Meta为代表的科技公司尽管深知社交媒体的负面影响，仍不作为。
It is, quite simply, a bald statement (of personal indifference (to the grief (of people, families and our nations).
翻译一：这简直是一份个人对人民、家庭和我们国家的悲痛漠不关心的赤裸裸的声明。
翻译二：这份声明赤裸裸地展现了他对人民、家庭和我们国家的悲痛的漠视。
- bald a. 赤裸裸的；秃头的
- indifference n. 漠不关心
- grief n. 悲痛
段落大意：
作者对Andrew Bosworth言论的批判。
It is time for governments to act – much as they are doing (with the Online Safety Bill) (in the United Kingdom) and the Digital Services Act (in the European Union) – to increase safety, transparency and democratic accountability, and ensure that the responsibility for harm is borne (by social media companies), not just by our societies.
政府是时候采取行动了，就像他们在英国的《网络安全法案》和欧盟的《数字服务法》所做的那样，以提高安全性、透明度和民主的负责任性，并确保由此造成的损害的责任由社交媒体公司承担，而不是仅仅由我们的社会承担。
to do不定式表目的，and连接to increase和to ensure的并列。
- online safety bill 《网络安全法》
- Digital Services Act 《数字服务法》
两个法案：英国的Online Safety Bill《网络安全法案》和欧盟的Digital Services Act《数字服务法案》，两者的目的都是督促Meta、谷歌等科技巨头更好地管控线上有害内容，打造良好的网络安全环境。
- accountability n. 负有责任
- bear v. 承担
段落大意：
各国政府应该积极采取行动，督促社交媒体承担应有的责任。
The holdout remains the US, where there is no real urgency to the debate (beyond flaccid claims) that one side or another is being “cancelled”.
拒不合作者仍然是美国，除了声称一方或另一方被“取消”的绵软无力的指控外，没有真正紧迫的辩论。
where引导的定语从句补充说明the US。
- holdout n. 拒不合作者，抵制者
- beyond prep. 除了....以外
- flaccid a. 松弛的，软弱乏力的
- cancel culture 取消文化
指公众人物或者公司的言论或行为引发争议后，开始被公众和舆论地址，其工作机会、业务、甚至网络影响力「全被取消（cancelled）」，有点像国内的失德艺人不得再发声露面。
The grim, inevitable, reductive, partisan politicisation (of yet another important debate) has slowed progress, and yet it has become impossibly clear, (after 6 January 2021), (after pandemic misinformation claimed tens of thousands of American lives), and now, (after Buffalo), that if we leave things to social media companies, people all around the world will suffer.
一场又一场的严峻的、不可避免的、简单化的、偏袒的政治化讨论减缓了社交媒体管控的进度。然而在2021年1月6日（特朗普支持者冲击国会山事件）之后，在疫情的虚假信息夺走了数十万美国人的生命之后，以及现在，在布法罗事件之后，事情已经清楚到不能再清楚了：如果我们把问题留给社交媒体公司，全世界的人都会受苦。
yet用于强调another，意为“一个又一个”“一场又一场”。句子it has become impossibly clear that....中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句做真正的主语，黑色部分是该结构的时间状语，主语从句中嵌套了一个if引导的条件状语从句。
- grim a. 令人沮丧的，严峻的
- reductive a. 简单化的
- partisan a. 偏袒的
- politicisation n. 政治化
politicise/politicize v. 政治化
- claim v. 夺走
It is time for US politicians to take action.
美国政客们是时候采取行动了。
段落大意：
美国政客长期轻视网络管控的重要性，但多次悲剧事件表明，行动刻不容缓。
1. 社交媒体公司是否有积极应对？
▲ Social media giants Meta, Twitter and Google have done little to fight radicalisation, violating their own rules;
▲ Meta, Twitter and Google committed to uphold the Christchurch Call to eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online;
▲ the failure of social media companies to act sufficiently on known racist content connected with terrorism;
▲ the failure of social media giants to effectively tackle online hate and misinformation;
▲ Social media platforms have failed to act.
2. 积累到哪些极端犯罪词汇？
各种主义
racism, terrorism, extremism, white supremacy
各种形容词
racist, terrorist, extremist, white supremacist
犯罪
▲ hate crime, violence, terrorist attack, lone wolf attack
▲ 动词：commit/perpetrate a crime
▲ 人：victim, suspect, terrorist
