【管理辞典】管理角色 / managerial roles

「释义」

管理角色是指特定的管理行为类型。

管理学家亨利·明茨伯格认为，管理者做什么可以通过考察管理者在工作中所扮演的角色来恰当地描述。

明茨伯格将10个管理角色分为三大类，即人际关系角色、信息传递角色和决策制定角色。

「应用场景」

提出宽泛的问题。这是动画工作室皮克斯提倡的做法。新任管理者要在午休时间参加90分钟的培训，放下管理角色，学习倾听。用于培训的会议室里挂满了动画角色的海报，提醒参与培训的人“保持好奇心”“以别人提出的构思为基础”。

This is one of the behaviors encouraged at the animation studio Pixar. People stepping into managerial roles are required to take, among other courses, a 90-minute lunchtime class on the art of listening, which is held in a conference room decorated with posters of movie characters reminding participants to “Stay curious” and “Build on others’ ideas.”

参与培训的学员一起讨论自己知道的优秀倾听者具备的素质（比如大方地承认他人的观点），并练习“主动倾听”。这意味着抑制自己打断对方、主导对话、讨论自己、替对方解决问题的冲动，专心理解和思考对方说的话。在一项练习中，参与者向谈话搭档提出开放式问题。开放式问题可以促使人们提供更多信息、仔细思考自己的处境，并感到对方在倾听自己说的话；而能用“是”与“否”回答的疑问句则会让交流终结。举例来说，参与者学习使用“你尝试以何种方式向他人寻求建议”，而不是“你有没有尝试向其他做过类似项目的人寻求建议“。

In the class, participants discuss the qualities of great listeners they’ve known (such as generosity in acknowledging the points of others) and practice “active listening.” That means suppressing the urge to interrupt or dominate a conversation, make it about yourself, or solve your conversation partners’ problems, and instead concentrating on the implications of their words. In one exercise participants practice asking their partners open-ended “what” and “how” questions—which prompt people to provide more information, reflect on their situations, and feel more heard—rather than yes-or-no questions, which can kill conversations. For instance, instead of saying to someone “Did you try asking others who’ve worked on similar projects for advice?” participants are coached to ask “In what ways have you reached out to others for advice?”

以上文字选自《哈佛商业评论》中文版2019年12月刊《破解长久合作困局》

弗朗西丝卡·吉诺（Francesca Gino)丨文

马冰仑 丨编辑