金属“铵”制备与性质（真的存在这种单质？？？）

（评论太长就发笔记了）

头一次见挺感觉好玩，查了查文献，up做的雀食和文献描述的一样，不过就文献所述，并不能证明是铵汞齐，up可以尝试做一做验证实验⚗️。

铵基的金属性质最令人印象深刻的证据是它的汞合金，即汞齐铵的形成。一个经常使用的讲座实验，是基于汉弗莱·戴维爵士制造汞齐铵的方法，包括在一个高圆柱体中向汞齐钠中加入浓氯化铵溶液。一搅拌，水银就以一种奇怪的方式膨胀起来，形成一团像黄油一样稠度的海绵状物质。无论讲师是否这样说，学生通常认为这种金属泡沫是汞齐铵。

然而，这是一个有争议的推论。根据Moissan的说法，在低温下制备的汞齐铵的密度与汞差不多。

这表明，产品的浮力是由于气体缠绕在汞。这种观点得到了Seely的支持，他研究了大量产品的可压缩性，发现在压力下它表现得像泡沫。由于诸如此类的原因，泡沫产品并不能作为汞齐铵存在的决定性证据。这一现象可以解释为汞齐钠与氯化铵溶液发生了表面反应，搅拌和起泡有利于反应的发生。

The most impressive evidence of the metallic nature of the ammonium radical is the formation of its mercury alloy, ammonium amalgam. A lecture experiment in frequent use, based on Sir Humphry Davy's method for making ammonium amalgam, consists in the addition of concentrated ammonium chloride solution to sodium amalgam in a tall cylinder. Upon stirring, the mercury swells up in a curious fashion, forming a spongy mass of about the consistency of butter. Whether the lecturer says so or not, the student usually assumes that this metallic froth is ammonium amalgam.

This, however, is a debatable inference. According to Moissan,' ammonium amalgam prepared at low temperatures is about as dense as mercury.

This suggests that the buoyancy of the product is due to gases enmeshed in the mercury. Such a view is sup- + - ported by the work of Seely,%ho Cwbm" studied the compressibility of the voluminous product, and found that under pressure it behaved like a foam. For h,,4sQ,&"m reasons such as these, the frothy product is not conclusive evidence of the exist- Merw,J ence of ammonium amalgam. Moreover, the whole phenomenon might be explained as due to a surface reaction between the sodium amalgam and tk ammonium chloride solution, which would be favored by the stirring and effervescence.

[1] Reedy J H. Lecture demonstration of ammonium amalgam[J]. Journal of Chemical Education, 1929, 6(10): 1767.

还有一个有趣的地方是有铵汞齐，那么胺汞齐也可以制备了。这是篇老文献的摘要🧐。

用季铵盐的汞阴极直接电解和在干非质子介质中与汞齐钠反应制备了季铵汞齐合金。对四甲基铵银汞合金进行了分离和表征。研究了它与水、酸、丙烯腈和卤代烃的反应及其在加热时的分解。

Quaternary ammonium amalgams have been prepared both by direct electrolysis at a mercury cathode of quaternary ammonium salts and by their reaction with sodium amalgam in dry aprotic media. The tetramethylammonium amalgam has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction iith water, acids, acrylonitrile and alkyl halides and its decomposition on heating have been studied.

[1] Littlehailes J D, Woodhall B J. Quaternary ammonium amalgams[J]. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 1968, 45: 187-192.