【龙腾网】印度如何得以参与进国际空间站计划项目？

How Could India Participate in ISS?

印度如何得以参与进国际空间站计划项目？

评论：

Sanman
This is just a hypothetical discussion thread - how could India participate in ISS, if all parties were agreeable to it?

本帖只是想做场异想天开的假设性讨论——如果参与该计划的各国都同意了，印度该如何参与到国际空间站计划？

I'd read that the recent attempt in the US Congress to extend ISS funding from 2024 to 2030 didn't quite make it, but that doesn't mean it won't get approved on some later bill. So on the assumption that ISS funding is approved to 2030 or beyond, could there be some opportunity/scope for India to get involved in the International Space Station?

我有读到称美国国会最近试图延长资助国际空间站计划的提案（从2024年延至2030年，）并未成功，但这并不意味着该提案在今后的法案中不会获得通过。所以假设一下，美国对国际空间站计划的资助被批准到2030年或更久以后，印度是否有机会或余地参与到国际空间站计划？

In what ways could India participate - in what capacity and what kind of missions?
Could it be crewed missions?
Could there also be resupply missions?

印度能凭借何种方式参与——具备怎样的能力以及展开怎样的任务？会是载人登月任务吗？还是补给任务呢？

Would it even be possible for India to contribute a module to ISS? (After all, even Bigelow's done it)
If India can make a crew capsule, then how much more complicated would it be to make a larger module? Perhaps if it were based on a similar approach as TransHab, it could be launched on an uprated GSLV-Mk3 and still have some decent size/volume.

印度能做到向国际空间站贡献出一个空间模块吗？（毕竟，比格罗航天公司就做到了。）如果印度能制造出乘员太空舱，那么制造一个更大的无人太空舱会有多复杂？也许如果其是以类似TransHab的方式进行，那么其能随提高了推力的GSLV-MK3型运载火箭发射，且现在空间/容量仍够足。

RonM
Since a crew capsule is a priority, India should be able to take crew to ISS relatively soon. Same capsule could be converted for cargo. Like Dragon and Dragon 2.

因能制造出乘员太空舱是当务之急，届时印度应该能在相对较短的时间里实现载人登国际空间站。而此太空舱还能改装成货运飞船，就像“天龙号”飞船和第二代载人龙飞船。

Building a bigger cargo vehicle requires a large pressure vessel. Something like Cygnus. Then use it for a module.

建造一个更大的货运飞船要求具备更大的压力容器。类似于“天鹅号”货运飞船，然后再将其用于空间模块。

If India can't get the vehicles ready before ISS is decommissioned, then they can fly to the Chinese station or whatever commercial station replaces ISS.
Go ISRO!

如果印度不能在国际空间站退役前准备好运载火箭，那他们可以去中国的空间站或任何替代国际空间站的商业空间站。加油，印度空间研究组织！

Eric Hedman
I would imagine that the first opportunity could be to send someone from India up on a commercial crew flight for a stay and bring some experiments to try.  Dragon and CST-100 can bring more people than Soyuz so there may be some extra seats.  How the training and financial arrangements could be worked out is anyone's guess until some one from the US or India proposes it.  It would probably take a while to certify any capsule from India as safe to dock so I don't think that would be quick.

我猜想第一个机会可能是印度遣人搭商业载员飞行暂时逗留段时间，带回一些实验以试验。“天龙号”飞船和CST-100太空舱能比联盟号宇宙飞船载更多人，所以可能还有余些座位。在美国或印度有人提议之前，如何培训以及财务如何安排众说纷纭。而且要证明印度制造的太空舱是安全可靠的可能要花一段时间，所以我觉得这事不会这么快就发生。

Sanman
So GSLV-Mk3 is supposed to have a payload-to-LEO capacity of up to ~8000kg. Meanwhile Cygnus has a mass of ~3400-3750kg, able to carry additional payload capacity of ~2000-3500kg, for total payload of  ~5400-7250kg.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)

（回复网友RonM）所以GSLV-MK3型运载火箭近地轨道有效载荷应为8吨左右。同时“天鹅号”货运飞船总质量为3.-3.75吨，能携带额外物资2-3.5吨种，所以总载荷为5.4-7.25吨。

Since HAL builds the Crew capsules, then presumably they could be the one to manufacture a pressure-vessel cargo module. Capsules and cargo modules would have to be fitted with International Docking Adapter:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Docking_Adapter

既然是印度斯坦航空公司建的太空舱，那么可以由此推断其是能制造带有压力容器的货物舱的。太空舱和货物舱都必须装上国际对接适配器：

Perhaps ISRO would also first have to carry out the SPADEX experiment for Rendezvous-and-Docking, unless somehow all the other countries were amenable to allowing ISRO to test-demonstrate its capsule's ability to safely approach the station and get berthed through the Canadarm, as was done with Dragon.

可能印度空间研究组织首先还必须进行SPADEX的交会和对接试验，除非其他国家都允许印度空间研究组织测试其太空舱能否安全抵达空间站，并通过加拿大机械臂成功停泊，正如“天龙号”飞船那般。

A.K.
Space Demonstrations are expected to start from this year.
  If appropriate funding is at place, I was wondering if India could go for its own space station in 2030s.

空间实验预计从今年开始。如果资金有提供到位，我好奇印度能否在2030年左右建成自己的空间站。

Sanman
I'm not sure what you mean - which demonstrations are you referring to? According to ISRO chief's latest comments which I just posted in the other thread, the first (unmanned) capsule flights will start at the end of next year (2020):

（回复楼上）我不知道你在说什么——你说的是什么实验？据印度空间研究组织主席最新的言论所称，印度将在2020年底进行第一次载人太空飞行。