【简译】阿兹特克人的Xochipilli神（花之王子）

2022-09-24 15:46 作者:神尾智代 0人读过 | 我要投稿

Xochipilli or the 'Prince of Flowers' was the Mesoamerican god of summer, flowers, pleasure, love, dancing, painting, feasting, creativity and souls. He is a benevolent manifestation of Piltzintecuhtli, the young sun god who was himself a manifestation of Tonatiuh, the supreme sun god of Mesoamerica. The god is closely associated with the corn (maize) god Centéotl and was sometimes referred to as the 'Corn-flower Prince' or Centéotl-Xochipilli, the 7th Lord of the Day. For the Aztecs he could also appear as Ahuiatéotl, the god of voluptuousness and he was also associated with butterflies, poetry and the 11th of the 20 Aztec days: Ozomatli (Monkey). He was considered one of the Ahuiateteo, the gods of excess, and for the Zapotec he was Quiabelagayo. Generally speaking, though, he was thought of as something of a youthful and care-free pleasure-seeker, perhaps with a playfully mischievous streak.

Xochipilli或“花之王子”是中美洲的夏天、鲜花、快乐、爱情、舞蹈、绘画、盛宴、创意与灵魂之神。他是皮尔特辛特库特利的仁慈代表，皮尔特辛特库特利是年轻的太阳神，他本人是中美洲最高太阳神托纳蒂乌的代表。该神与玉米（Centéotl）神密切相关，有时被称为 “玉米花王子”或Centéotl-Xochipilli，即第七日主。对阿兹特克人来说，他也可以作为阿维特索特尔出现，是性感之神；他还与蝴蝶、诗歌和阿兹特克20天中的第11天有关：Ozomatli（猴子）。他被认为是Ahuiateteo，即过度之神之一，对于萨波特克人来说，他是Quiabelagayo。不过，一般来说，他被认为是一个年轻的、无忧无虑的寻求快乐的人，也许还带有顽皮倾向。

Xochipilli may have origins in the earlier Mesoamerican god worshipped at Teotihuacán during the Pre-Classic to Classic Period who is known simply as the Fat God. In Aztec mythology Xochipilli has two brothers Ixtlilton (the god of health, medicine and dancing) and Macuilxóchitl (the god of games). As a group this good-time trio represented health, pleasure and happiness. The god also has a sister (or female counterpart), Xochiquetzal.

Xochipilli可能起源于前古典时期到古典时期在特奥蒂瓦坎崇拜的早期中美洲神，他被简单地称为胖神。在阿兹特克神话中，Xochipilli有两个兄弟Ixtlilton（健康、医药和舞蹈之神）和Macuilxóchitl（游戏之神）。作为一个团体，这个好时光三人组代表着健康、快乐和幸福。该神还有一个妹妹（或女性对应者），Xochiquetzal。

Particularly worshipped at Xochimilco, the most common offering to the god was corn and during his festivals, which were held in the early growing season and during Tecuilhuitontli (the 8th Aztec month), pulque (the alcoholic beverage made from the maguey or agave plant) was copiously drunk. Statues of the god were also frequently decked out with flowers and even butterflies.

在霍奇米尔科，人们特别崇拜该神，最常见的祭品是玉米。在他的节日里，即在早期生长季节和Tecuilhuitontli（阿兹特克人的第8个月）期间，人们大量饮用普逵酒（由百年草或其他龙舌兰植物制成的酒精饮料）。该神的雕像也经常用鲜花甚至是蝴蝶来装饰。

Perhaps the most famous representation of the god in art is the Late Post-Classical Period (1450-1500 CE) statue, a masterpiece of Aztec sculpture, now residing in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. The statue is 1.2 metres high and has Xochipilli seated on a temple platform (or perhaps a drum) which is decorated with butterflies, flowers and clusters of four dots representing the sun. Xochipilli is wearing a mask and is himself covered in flowers from psychotropic plants, hallucinogenic mushrooms and animal skins. Cross-legged and care-free the god is portrayed happily singing and playing his rattles, a vibrant symbol of all the good things in life.

也许最著名的艺术表现是后古典时期（公元1450-1500年）的雕像，这是阿兹特克人雕塑的杰作，现存于墨西哥城的国家人类学博物馆。该雕像高1.2米，Xochipilli坐在一个庙宇平台（或许是一个鼓）上，平台上装饰着蝴蝶、花朵和代表太阳的四点星群。Xochipilli戴着面具，身上沾满了精神植物的花朵、致幻蘑菇和动物皮毛。这位神灵盘腿而坐，无忧无虑。他快乐地唱着歌，演奏着摇铃，这是生活中所有美好事物的、充满活力的象征。