重点口语表达

1. Haven't you got any small change?

   I've got no small change, I'm afraid.

2.Have you got any small change, sir?

I'm sorry. I've got none. none: pron,什么也没有

I haven't got any either. either：表示否定情况下的“也”  too，用肯定情况下。

3.Can you change this ten pound note, madam?

I'm afraid I can't. 

Neither can I. 倒装句

4.I got some small change.

So have I.

5.Isn't there anyone at home? 反问

6.Look through the window.

through: 穿过，透过  祈使句： 表示命令，建议

7.Can you see anything? 

Nothing at all.

at all : 用来强调前面的否定意味

e.g. Do you like spicy food ? -Not at all.

8.Come and have something to drink.

Come upstairs and see it.

9.She's only joking.

表示某人开玩笑，说着玩儿的： Sb‘s joking. / Sb's only joking.

10.When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

重要结构： When A was doing sth, B did sth.

11.Tommy's been to the tollet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!

双关的语言现象（pun）

change ： n 零钱： 情况的变化

yet：经常出现在现在完成时的时态里面，表示“已经”

12.While my  friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen.

A正在做某事，B... : When A was doing sth, B did sth.

持续性动词v.s.瞬间性动词的概念

13.The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

as...as... : 可搭配形容词，也可搭配副词。

14.Scott: It's not you, is it?

Mike: That's right. ➡️Well, it is Mike.

*反义疑问句的表达，需要注意。

15.胡子有关的两个表达

grow a beard：留胡须 & shave the beard off:刮胡须

16.must / have to 区别

1.must：主观的“必须”

发自说话人的内心，自己身心觉得应该做某事。

e.g. I must go home now.

2.have to :客观的“必须”

被外界现实情况所压迫、所逼迫，不得已、不得不做...

e.g. I have to go home now.

Do you have to water(浇花） it now? - I'm afraid I must.

17. do sth, by oneself : 某一个人自己做某事 （oneself : 反身代词）

e.g. I finished the task all by myself.      all : 表示程度 

18.

I think so. / I agree with you. (我也同意）

I don't think so. / I don't   agree with you.

19. that :那，那边 

副词

e.g. I'm not that tall. & She is not that fat.

前面可以用实义动词

I cannot jump that far. ( that 表示一种程度）

Kate：That was a long time ago, wasn't it?

Liz: Not that long ago!

20.That's why I didn't see the sign.

21.I won't charge you this time. 

charge: v 罚款

22.You'd better not do it again!

had better (not) do sth. : 表示劝告、建议某人（不要）做某事

e.g. Well，next time, you'd better take my advice.

23.We can't make up our minds.

make up one's mind : 下定决心做某事 →相当于decide to do sth. , 但语气比decide重。

24.Who's going to look after the dog?

Who's going to look after the house?

Who's going to look after the garden?

look after: 照看 ，照料 = take care of

25.I will have to ask my future husband.

the superstar Karen Marsh

future : adj . 表示未来的， 将来的，即将的。

future husband: 未婚夫 

fiance 未婚夫  fiancee未婚妻

26. 名词+to be → 相当于 future+名词

未婚夫：fiance ， future husband → husband-to-be

e.g.  mother-to-be: 准妈妈

She is a bride-to-be(准新娘）.

27.Is that you, John？ - Yes, speaking.

打电话： Who is that?

接电话：Hello. This is Amy speaking.

28. Last week，my four-year-old daughter, Sally was invited to a children's party.

时间: last week (过去）

后半句： passive voice （被动语态）

be invited to .... : 被邀请去参加 ...聚会

four-year-old daughter (复合形容词）：四岁大的女儿

She is four year old.

29.The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.

→避免动词重复，省略后一个 was dressed in

be dressed in : 表示穿上，穿戴上

30.Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods.

 go for a walk : 出去散步，出去散心

go for a ride : 乘车兜风

语法知识梳理

1.过去完成时

He put them both into his mouth.

We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late.

Tommy had already swallowed them！

过去完成时的精髓：过去的过去

After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room.

2.定语从句（Attributive Clause）

The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.

The books which are on the counter...

He says he's the man who bought these books.

The man who I served was wearing a hat.

Is this the man that you served?

This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.

The lady（主语） who is standing behind the counter（修饰主语） served(谓语） me（宾语）.

典型的定语从句

从句：一个大句子套一个小句子，小句子叫做从句，大橘子叫做主句

The lady主 served谓 me宾.

谓语动词：serve

关系代词&关系副词

关系代词：

that 指人，指物

which 指物

who指人

whom指人（宾格）

关系副词：

when 表示时间

where 表示地点

why 表示原因

how 表示方式

3.表示推测，推断

1. 表达对现在情况的推测：

   肯定： must be ...（一定 ...） 否定： can't be ... （不可能 ...）

   e.g. She must be at least forty.

   He can't be reading.

2.对于过去的情况的推测：

肯定：must have been... 否定：can’t  have been...

e.g. He can't have been ill. He must have been tired.

4.间接引语的时态迁移现象

1. 【She told me】she had just made a new film.

2. 【She said】she was not going to make another

3. 【She said】she was going to retire.

4. 【She told reporters】she felt very tired and didn't want to make another film for a long time.

   →tell sth,to me. / tell sb, sth.

   *当主句是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语：

   1.从句： 一般现在时 →变 一般过去时

   2.从句：现在完成时 →变 过去完成时

   3.从句：一般将来时 →变 过去将来时（不常见）

   
   

5.条件状语从句（if“如果 引导）

如果A发生了，那么B ...

If I have a lot of money, I will travel round the world first.

travel round = travel around 

*常考点：主将从现

如果条件状语从句 用于询问或者谈论十分可能发生的事情，那么条件状语从句常用一般现在时；而主句则用一般将来时。

If it rains tomorrow, we won't go out then.

6.被动语态（Passive Voice）

何时使用？

1. 不想突出句子的主语

2. 想用含糊不清的词来表达主语

3. 不知道具体发出这个动作的是谁

   构成：相应的 be 动词 + 过去分词来组成
   

   I was invited to her wedding.

   be invited to ... : 被邀请

   *如果一定要表明动作发出者的话，可以用介词by 

   I was invited to her wedding by her father.

   *被动语态：客观