消费者理论 / consumer choice


「释义」
消费者理论研究的是消费行为规律,其重点是消费者选择理论。消费者理论包括:效用理论、有用性理论、需求理论、消费者选择理论等一系列理论。
消费者理论是经济学大厦的基石,任何重要的经济学理论背后都有消费者理论的影子。从而,构建符合消费者行为实际情况的消费者理论,是经济学家们共同努力的目标。
「应用场景」
对于许多经济处于边缘状态的美国工薪阶层而言,美国当前的金融系统基本上已经崩溃。错配的激励机制是问题的核心。看看发薪日贷款、车贷、次贷或是银行透支“保护”计划的悲惨历史,那些让提供者有利可图、但对弱势群体有害的金融产品和做法比比皆是。
America’s current financial system is essentially broken for the many working Americans who live on the edge financially. Mismatched incentives are at the heart of the problem. One has only to look at the sad history of payday and car title loans, subprime mortgages, or bank overdraft “protection” schemes for examples of financial products and practices that are profitable for providers but damaging for vulnerable populations.
不幸的是,监管机构并没有在打造双赢解决方案方面有太多作为。对有效市场理论和“消费者理论”的遵从,已催生出一个将责任(除非是最过分的滥用行为)主要归于个体消费者的监管系统。在新的研究报告中,我们提出,如今需要一种不同的监管方式,将金融服务提供者的利润与客户的财务健康状况挂钩。简言之,只有在客户的财务状况良好时,银行才有良好的财务表现。
Unfortunately, regulation hasn’t done much to create win-win solutions. Deference to efficient market theory and “consumer choice” has created a regulatory system that largely places responsibility — absent the most egregious abuse — on the individual consumer. In a new report, we argue that what is needed is a different regulatory approach that ties financial-services providers’ profit to customers’ financial health. In short, banks should only do well financially when their customers do well financially.
以上文字选自《哈佛商业评论》中文版2020年10月刊《将银行利润与客户财务健康挂钩》
托德·H·贝克(Todd H. Baker) 科里·斯通(Corey Stone)丨文
马冰仑 丨编辑