wiki笔记--Dorsal tegmental nucleus--2021/4/14
特别说明：由于文章内容粘贴缘故，最终结果导致文中一些格式会消失，请不要在意，专注于文字内容即可。文中文字大小为“特大”方式突出的部分是我的笔记标识内容，是我格外喜欢，用于推理的基础，括号内的有色文字内容是当时我思考的纪录，这样方便自己和他人直接找到那些曾经标记的内容。当然也不全限于此，灵感所致，所加内容无所不及，唯独不会更改原文内容。
Dorsal tegmental nucleus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
The dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN), also known as dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden (DTg), is a group of neurons located in the brain stem, which are involved in spatial navigation and orientation.
（应该是在方向选择方面。想象这样的画面，在密林中，抬起头环顾四周，选择一个能够到达目的地的方向，或者漫游在丛林中，选择一个喜欢的、食物可能出现的方向。在这个过程中，我感受到了DA system的活动，所以我认为dorsal tegmental nucleus 与ventral tegmental area有密切联系，这种dorsal tegmental nucleus 主导下的方向选择是一个激发DA system的途径。）
Contents
· 1Anatomy
· 1.1Circuitry
· 1.2Projections
· 2Function
· 3References
Anatomy[edit]
The dorsal tegmental nucleus is located in the brain stem near the midline. Two nuclei exist in both hemispheres. The DTN is generally subdivided into four parts called partes centralis, ventromedialis, anterior, and posterior [1].
DTN contains a dense population of GABAergic cells [2] [3]. In the rat, few also express calbindin (CB) or calretinin (CR). Many of the DTN GABAergic cells do express parvalbumin (PV) with the densest expression in the pars ventralis portion [4] [5]. DTN neurons in rats contain small number of neuropeptide Y positive (NPY) neurons implicating a role in hunger and feeding. In rats, the DTN contains a small number of enkephalin, substance p, and glutamatergic neurons which project to mammillary [6].
Circuitry[edit]
As part of the Papez circuit, the DTN receives input from habenula neurons [1] and lateral mammillary neurons [7]. DTN especially the central part of the DTN receives projections from the G-protein coupled receptor GPR151 containing habenula neurons [8].
The pars centralis of the DTN receives input from the prepositus hypoglossi and the supragenualis nucleus [9]. Pars ventromedialis of the DTN receives inputs from
· the septal nuclei,
· diagonal band of Broca,
· preoptic area,
· anterior and lateral hypothalamus,
· lateral and medial habenular nuclei,
· medial mammillary nucleus and
· brainstem reticular formation [9]
Projections[edit]
Dorsal tegmental fibres project to
· lateral mammillary neurons (LMN) [4] [2] [3] [5]
· dorsal noradrenergic bundle [10]
· nuclei medialis profundus
· centralis superior,
· the tegmental reticular nucleus,
· the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, and
· the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. The nucleus is a major synaptic station for the pathways of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus between the diencephalon and lower brain stem [11]
DTN is a major source of fibers in the mammillary peduncle. Rostral DTN cells that project to the LMN are localized within pars dorsalis and caudal cells that project to the LMN are located in the pars ventralis.
Function[edit]
This nucleus is involved in landmark and directional navigation [12]. Subpopulations of DTN neurons respond differently to changes in angular head velocity (AHV) and head direction (HD) [13] [14] [15] [16]. Some cells respond to changes in head movement in specific directions such as to the left, right, or both. The firing activity of these cells are also affected by the speed of the movement of the head as well. DTN lesions permanently impaired landmark navigation, but only transiently impaired directional navigation.
（Dorsal tegmental nucleus与很多重要的结构有连接关系，但是词条中在结构方面的记载很少，很不详细，说明现在对它了解不多。在功能方面，明确指出与spatial navigation and orientation有关，这样一来我能通过自身的经历明确感受到Dorsal tegmental nucleus起作用时的效果，尤其是发现它与ventral tegmental area有密切关系，在方向选择过程中我感受到了快感，在漫游移动状态下（比如老虎在领地中漫游），必然是通过Dorsal tegmental nucleus选择方向（既然是漫游，就没有明确的目的地），走动的过程中必然是快乐无忧的一种状态，这样的话就将Dorsal tegmental nucleus与DA system联系在一起了。除此之外，我对它的研究成果就基本没有了，不过我觉得这是个重要结构。）
