TTC【双语字幕版】：西方文明的基础（S02E28：民族主义的兴起（1815-1
Congress of Vienna 1815
Holy Alliance 1815
Troppau Protocol 1820
Conservative reaction:
King Ferdinand VII 1784-1833
Pope Leo XII 1760-1829
Carlsbad Decrees 1819
More liberal revolutions and more suppressions happened in Spain, France Belgium and Italy
In Russia:
Decembrists; Grand Duke Constantine 1779-1831; Czar Nicholas I 1796-1855, The Third Section
Balkins:
Alexander Ypsilanti 1792-1828
Treaty of Adrianople 1829
Crimean War 1853-1856
The Revolution of 1848
The hungry 40s
A new Germany
Professor's Parliament
King Frederick William IV 1795-1861
Italy: Risorgimento
Giuseppe Mazzini 1805-1872
King Charles Albert 1798-1849
Austria-Hungary
Emperor Ferdinand 1793-1875
March Laws
Lajos Kossuth 1802-1894
Emperor Franz Josef 1830-1916
The failure of revolutions in 1848:
- liberalism and nationalism were important and viable movements in central and southern Europe.
- The fact they all failed except for France told us the Ancient Regime still had a great deal of residual strength.
- There was little unity on the revolution side. They fled to America to influence a more radical agenda.
- Before the liberal peace could be solved, the national peace had to be solved.
- The hopes for national unity began to focus on a king or a great leader, which could hardly lead to a liberal democracies.
- German and Italian unification depended on what happened in Austro-Hungarian Empire.
