Renewal-Zone：布达佩斯Zöldike托儿所︱用设计为下一代重构语境 串联历史

为青少年设计看顾及玩乐的空间，没有以一概全的模板，需要设计师具有高度的专业技能和敏锐的感知力，从而将调研成果及使用者的诉求与场地特质相结合，进行细致的转译和语境重构。作为该方面的优秀实例，Zöldike托儿所向我们展示了在特定场地中，如何在儿童空间的设计中诠释在地性。

项目所在的地区拥有独特的地下建筑历史。错综复杂的地窖系统隐匿在布达福克山里，其中最为悠久的由古罗马人所建。由于许多人以葡萄种植为生，当地的一大特色便是在住宅前建造地窖。山上的窑洞也是当地并不罕见的居住空间类型，由于石灰岩结构的完整性，这种建造方式简便易行。在郊区的不断扩张下这些地区特色逐渐消失。然而，仍有特殊情况的存在，地窖的权属方往往与地面上的土地（和建筑物）不同。地下世界有时通过从地面贯穿而出的通风管道与地面相连。Zöldike托儿所位于的地块也是如此。虽然在项目初期带来了困难和挑战，但更新后的地窖通风管已经成为了项目的一项核心特征。混凝土环上的圆形穿孔，为建筑元素的外部构成和外观增添了趣味性。

除了加强场地与历史的关系，托儿所主要遵循可持续和安全性的设计原则。展馆式布局与街道相背离，有利于内向组织空间和建筑元素序列，由此不仅为孩子们打造出多样化的高质量空间，也保证了他们玩耍的安全性。场地的建筑统一而富有奇趣，布局方式遵循地块的自然坡度和朝向，确保了最优的日照条件。教室和悬挑顶盖被葱郁的绿色屋顶所覆盖，私家的室内游乐场环绕在其中。

建筑师们深知儿童所接触到的环境，对他们的早期发育有显著的影响。在室内设计方面，材料和空间布局的决策对促进与建筑环境的积极互动非常重要。建筑师们没有将大部分预算花在华而不实的公共外观上，而是优先考虑高质量的材料和饰面。除了特别注重对材料和色彩的选择，项目还通过一系列趣味设施激发孩子们的想象力。例如，更新后的通风管道从室外的橡胶游乐场上穿出，为儿童预留了自发主导的游戏空间。另一个特色是环绕建筑物的触感底座，窗户的高度符合儿童的身高范围，创造了向内的玩耍角落。Zöldike托儿所不是个人主义的形式化作品，而是语境重构的直接成果：在宏观层面上，加强了青少年与场地的地下建筑历史间的关系，在微观层面材料的选择不会束缚孩子们好奇的探索。

Designing spaces of care and play for the youth requires a kind of craft and sensibility from the designer which goes beyond developing a one-size-fits-all template. Instead, it is a careful and site-specific recontextualization of knowledge accumulated through research and listening to the users. Zöldike Nursery is a great example of the ways in which the exceptional conditions of the environment informed how principles of designing for children manifest on a specific site. 

The area is peculiar in its history of subterranean construction. The mountain on Budafok hides an intricate network of cellars, the oldest of which are attributed to the Romans. It was characteristic for locals (many of whom lived off viticulture) to construct cellars before family homes. It also wasn't uncommon to live in cave-homes carved into the mountain, an easy method of construction due to the structural integrity of limestone. This specificity of the local has become rendered invisible by the suburban sprawl. A unique condition, however, remains, in which subterranean cellars often have different owners than the land (and buildings) above them. The underground world is sometimes connected to the surface via ventilation flues piercing the landscape. This was the case of the designated site for the Zöldike Nursery as well. Although initially, it proved to be an impediment to the process, the renovated flues of the cellars have now become a defining feature of the project. Its concrete rings are perforated with a circular pattern that lends a playful character to the exterior composition and appearance of built elements. 

Beyond strengthening the relationship of the site with its history, the massing of the nursery is primarily informed by principles of sustainability, as well as security. The pavilion-style arrangement of the nursery is offset from the street, favouring an introverted sequence of spaces and built elements, which not only creates a range of diverse quality spaces for children to play in, it allows them to do so safely. The buildings on the site have a uniform but whimsical quality, and their layout follows the natural sloping and orientation of the land optimizing solar exposure. The classrooms and their cantilevering canopies are covered with an extensive green roof, thus encircling the private interior playgrounds. 

When it came to the articulation of the interior spaces, the architects kept in mind that children's immediate environments have a profound impact on these early developmental years. In making interior design decisions, it was important that the materials and spatial arrangements promote positive interactions with the built environment. Instead of spending the majority of the budget on an extravagant, public exterior, high-quality materials and finishes were prioritized. Besides the special attention paid to material and colour choices, the project contains a series of interesting features that hope to engage the imagination of the children. For example, the refurbished flues pierce the rubber-cladded exterior playgrounds, leaving space for child-initiated and directed play. Another feature is the tactile plinth encircling the building and incorporating the windows in children's height range, creating introverted nooks for play. The Zöldike Nursery project isn't a self-serving formalist project, but one that is the direct outcome of the recontextualization of knowledge. At the macro level, when strengthening the relationship of the local youth with the subterranean history of the site, or at the micro level when selecting materials that don't stifle curiosity.  

Project name: Zöldike Nursery

Location: Budapest, Terv utca 14/A, 1223

Completion year: 2022

Gross Built Area: 1466 ㎡

Architects: Archikon Architects  

Web: https://www.archikon.hu/

Social media:

https://www.instagram.com/archikon_architects/

https://www.facebook.com/Archikon/

Lead Architects: Csaba Nagy, Károly Pólus, Dorottya Kassai, Krisztina Horváth, Ádám Pásztor, Szilveszter Rády, Zsófia Senánszky

Structural Engineer: Tibor Pintér

Building Engineer: Csaba Makáry

Electrical Engineer: György Kapitor

Landscape Architecture: Edina Massány

Client: Budapest Capital 22nd District Budafok-Tétény Mayor's Office

Contractor: Archibona Kft.

Photographer: Balázs Danyi

Awards:

Budapest Architecture Award for Excellence 2022 – Special Mention

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