定语从句
定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
例:1.Do you know the man who/that ia staying over there?
2.The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan.
3.Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday?
先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词(有关系代词和关系副词)
关系词的作用:
(1).引导定语从句
(2).代替先行词
(3).在定语从句中担当一个成分
注:关系词不可重复指代,句子中只能有一个关系词
关系代词:as,that,which,who,whom,whose
关系副词:when,where,why
关系代词与关系副词放在先行词与定语从句中间起联系的作用,同时作定语从句的一个成分
写题技巧:先确定先行词,再代入后面先行词的成分,再确定关系词
例:
4.He told me the date when/on which he joined the League.
5.The place where/in which he lives is far away from here.
6.Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late?
小结:
指人的代词:
主语(主谓一致)that/who
宾语(可省略)that/who(m)
定whose
指物的代词:
主语(主谓一致)that/which
宾语(可省略)that/which
定whose
关系副词用法小结:
when:表示时间,做时间状语
where:表示地点,做地点状语
why:表示原因,做原因状语
关系代词which与whom除了在定语从句中做及物动词的宾语外,还可以做介词的宾语,在做介词的宾语时,可以和介词一起放在整个定语从句的前面(此时关系代词不可省略),为了使关系代词紧跟先行词也可以把介词放在相关动词的后面,这种从句叫做带介词的定语从句
例:That is the room in which I live.=That is the room that I live in.
注:当先行词表示地点或时间名词时,关系词的选用要根据其在句子中的作用决定,如果关系词在句中做状语,则用关系副词,若做主语或宾语,则用关系副词
注:如果关系代词做含有介词的动词短语的宾语,此时动词短语不拆开,介词仍放在动词后面,若有固定短语,不可拆开
例:
错误:This is the pen for which I am looking.
正确:This is the pen which I am looking for.
特殊情况:
先行词是that,不用which情况:
(1).先行词中有不定代词或与其相关(被其修饰)
(2).先行词被序数词或形容词最高词最高级修饰
(3).先行词被the only,the very,the very,the same,the last修饰时
(4).当定语从句修饰用两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词的时候
(5).当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复,一般用that来引导定语从句
(6).当一个句子有两个定语从句时,且其中一个已经用了which
例:We bought a present which they made themselves that had never been seen before.
(7).在here be或there be结构开头的句子中,多用that
例:Here's the book that you want.
只用which:
(1).介词提到关系代词前
例:The city in which she lives is far away.
the city which /that she lives in is far away
(2).引导非限制性定语从句
例:He failed in the exam.which made his parents.
as(可引导限制性定语从句)(做关系代词)
as在定语从句中做主语,宾语或表语。as常用于the same...as,such...as,as...as与so...as结构中。as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式
例:I have never seen such a lazy man as you .(are)
非限制性定语从句的一些问题
指物时,用which而不用that
指人时主格用who,宾格用whom,物主格用whose
关系副词when(指时间)where(指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从句
关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句
介词加关系代词常常可以引导非限制性定语从句
例:He was one of the students who were praised for it(who指代the students)他是唯一被表扬的学生
He was the only one of the students who was praised for it(who代指the only one)
常见错误分析:
(1).定语从句中代词或状语与关系词重复
(2).介词误用
(3).关系词省略错误
(4).定语从句与强调句型弄混 作者:午茶Official https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9714704?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0 出处:bilibili