《系统解剖学》第二篇第四章泌尿系统(更新中)

医科大学教材翻译

第四章 泌尿系统

泌尿系统由肾、输尿管、膀胱及尿道四部分组成。它的主要功能是排出机体内溶于水的代谢产物。机体在新陈代谢中所产生的废物如尿素、尿酸和多余的水分等，由循环系统送至肾，在肾内形成尿液，再经排尿管道排出体外。尿的质和量经常随机体内环境的改变而发生一定的变化，对保持内环境的相对稳定和电解质的平衡起着重要的作用。如肾功能发生障碍，代谢产物蓄积于体内，改变了内环境的理化性质，则产生相应的病变，严重时可出现尿毒症，甚至危及生命。

Chapter IV Urinary System

The urinary system consists of kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Its main function is to expel water-soluble metabolites from the body. Wastes such as urea, uric acid and excess water produced by the body in metabolism are sent to the kidney by the circulatory system, and urine is formed in the kidney, and then discharged from the body through the urination duct. The quality and quantity of urine often change with the internal environment, which plays an important role in maintaining the relative stability of internal environment and electrolyte balance. If renal function is impaired and metabolites accumulate in the body, which changes the physical and chemical properties of the internal environment, corresponding pathological changes will occur, and uremia may occur in severe cases, which may even be life-threatening.