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经济学人:全球科技政治--新的大谈判(part-3)

2020-12-21 20:59 作者:青石空明  | 我要投稿

Global technopolitics--The new grand bargain 

Without teaming up, democracies will not be able to establish a robust alternative to China’s autocratic technosphere

we will rock you 

Some of the EU’s member states have also begun defending their right to rule their own digital roost, something now called “digital sovereignty”. There is talk of creating a European cloud within the American one. GAIA-X is a step down that road a federation of clouds, launched by Germany and France in June, whose members agree to certain rules, such as allowing customers to choose where their data are stored and move freely to providers’ competitors if they wish. There is more to come: a “data strategy” on the table in Brussels would, if fully implemented, create data spaces ruled by European law and give people more rights on how their data are used.

sovereignty /ˈsɒvrənti/ n. 主权;主权国家;君主;独立国

GAIA  n. /ˈɡaɪə/ 盖娅(被视为能进行自我规划与控制的巨大自然体系的地球),指地球

These disputes offer ample space for mutually beneficial trade-offs. If America and its allies can reach good enough accommodations on the most contentious issues notably privacy and competition and find ways to live with the smaller contradictions and conflicts which remain, they can become a force to be reckoned with one that others will need little encouragement to join. An insular America can remain a technology superpower. A connected America cemented into the rest of the world by means of a grand technopolitical bargain could be the hub of something truly unsurpassable.

ample adj.   /ˈæmpl/  1.足够的;丰裕的 •ample opportunity/evidence/space/proof 充分的机会;足够的证据;宽敞的空间;充足的证明 2.(人的体形)丰满的;硕大的 •an ample bosom 丰满的胸脯

Mutually /ˈmjuːtʃuəli/ adv. 互相地;互助

Contentious  adj./kənˈtenʃəs/  

1.可能引起争论的 •a contentious issue/topic/subject 有争议的问题╱话题╱主题;2.爱争论的;充满争吵的 •a contentious meeting 争论不休的会议

be reckoned with 被加以考虑 •They were already a political force to be reckoned with. 他们已经成为一支不容忽视的政治力量。

Insular  adj. /ˈɪnsjələ(r)/  1.只关心本国利益的;思想褊狭的;保守的 •The British are often accused of being insular. 英国人常被指责为思想褊狭。2.(术语) 海岛的;岛屿的•the coastal and insular areas 沿海和岛屿区域

Cemented  /sɪˈmentɪd/ adj. 渗碳的;注水泥的;粘合的;v. 巩固;接合;粘合(cement的过去分词形式)

There is a range of ideas about how to do this. In a recent report for the Council on Foreign Relations, a think-tank, Robert Knake imagines such a grand bargain taking the form of a “digital trade zone”, complete with a treaty organisation. America would “weaponise its digital trade relationships” in order to promote such things as cyber-security, privacy protection and democratic values on the internet. Only countries that comply with the organisation’s rules on such matters would be able to become members and only members would be allowed fully to trade with each other digitally. Violations would be dealt with by imposing sanctions and tariffs. “If the digital trade zone grows strong enough, China might see more benefit to co-operative engagement than to continued disruptive behaviour,” writes Mr Knake. 

sanction  /ˈsæŋkʃn/  

名词 1.~ (against sb) 制裁 •The economic sanctions have been lifted. 经济制裁业已取消。 2. (正式)许可,批准 •These changes will require the sanction of the court. 这些变更须经法院认可。3.~ (against sth) 制裁;约束;处罚

动词1.许可;准许;准予•The government refused to sanction a further cut in interest rates. 政府拒绝批准进一步降低利率。 2.(术语)惩罚;实施制裁

Others prefer to imagine something less formal, rules-based and punitive. In October three other think-tanks the Centre for a New American Security (CNAS), MERICS of Germany and the Asia-Pacific Initiative of Japan outlined a less exclusive construction. They propose that democratic countries form a technology alliance not subject to a formal treaty. It would be like the G7, which consists of America, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, and could one day, perhaps, include India and other countries from the Global South. It would hold regular meetings, as the IMF and World Bank do, and issue consensus opinions, and it would invite other stakeholders- from NGOs to tech firms -to pitch in.

Punitive  adj. /ˈpjuːnətɪv/ 1. 惩罚性的;刑罚的;处罚的•There are calls for more punitive measures against people who drink and drive. 有人呼吁对酒后驾车的人要有更具处罚性的措施。2.(租税等)苛刻的 •punitive taxes 惩罚性征税

MERICS:墨卡托中国研究中心

Exclusive /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/ adj. 独有的;排外的;专一的n. 独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者

pitch in 投入;作出贡献 •Donors will pitch in extra cash. 捐助者还将投入额外的资金。

译文

We will rock you

Some of the EU’s member states have also begun defending their right to rule their own digital roost, something now called “digital sovereignty”. There is talk of creating a European cloud within the American one. GAIA-X is a step down that road a federation of clouds, launched by Germany and France in June, whose members agree to certain rules, such as allowing customers to choose where their data are stored and move freely to providers’ competitors if they wish. There is more to come: a “data strategy” on the table in Brussels would, if fully implemented, create data spaces ruled by European law and give people more rights on how their data are used.

欧盟一些成员国也开始捍卫自己管理自身数字家园的权利,现在被称为“数字主权”。有传言说要在美国云内创建一个欧洲云。GAIA-X是在这条道路上迈出的一步,它是由德国和法国在6月发起的云联盟,其成员同意某些规则,比如允许客户选择他们的数据存储在哪里,如果他们愿意,可以自由地转移到提供商的竞争对手那里。还会有更多的事情发生:布鲁塞尔会议上提出的“数据战略”如果得到全面实施,将创建受欧洲法律管辖的数据空间,并在如何使用自己的数据方面给予人们更多权利。

These disputes offer ample space for mutually beneficial trade-offs. If America and its allies can reach good enough accommodations on the most contentious issues notably privacy and competition and find ways to live with the smaller contradictions and conflicts which remain, they can become a force to be reckoned with one that others will need little encouragement to join. An insular America can remain a technology superpower. A connected America cemented into the rest of the world by means of a grand technopolitical bargain could be the hub of something truly unsurpassable.

这些争端为互惠互利的交易提供了充足的空间。如果美国与其盟友能在最具争议的问题,明显是隐私和竞争问题达成比较好的默契;在小的矛盾与冲突中找到比较合适的相处方式。他们将成为一股不容忽视的力量,其他国家无需鼓励就会主动加入。孤立的美国依旧是一个技术超级大国。通过宏大的技术政治谈判方式接入世界的美国,巩固与世界的联系,它将成为一个真正不可逾越的中心。

There is a range of ideas about how to do this. In a recent report for the Council on Foreign Relations, a think-tank, Robert Knake imagines such a grand bargain taking the form of a “digital trade zone”, complete with a treaty organisation. America would “weaponise its digital trade relationships” in order to promote such things as cyber-security, privacy protection and democratic values on the internet. Only countries that comply with the organisation’s rules on such matters would be able to become members and only members would be allowed fully to trade with each other digitally. Violations would be dealt with by imposing sanctions and tariffs. “If the digital trade zone grows strong enough, China might see more benefit to co-operative engagement than to continued disruptive behaviour,” writes Mr Knake. 

关于如何做到这一点有很多想法。在最近提交给外交关系委员会(一个智囊团)的一份报告中,Robert Knake 设想了以“数字贸易区”的形式出现的大型交易,并配有条约组织。美国会采取“数字贸易关系武器化”,用于促进网络安全、隐私保护和互联网民主价值观的工作。只有遵守该组织在此类事务上的规则的国家才能成为成员国,而且只有成员国之间才能完全进行数字贸易。违规行为将会通过制裁和征收关税进行处理。Knake表示如果数字交易区成长的足够强大,中国可能会认为合作加入带来的利益更多,而不是采取持续的破坏行为。

Others prefer to imagine something less formal, rules-based and punitive. In October three other think-tanks the Centre for a New American Security (CNAS), MERICS of Germany and the Asia-Pacific Initiative of Japan outlined a less exclusive construction. They propose that democratic countries form a technology alliance not subject to a formal treaty. It would be like the G7, which consists of America, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, and could one day, perhaps, include India and other countries from the Global South. It would hold regular meetings, as the IMF and World Bank do, and issue consensus opinions, and it would invite other stakeholders- from NGOs to tech firms -to pitch in.

其他国家则更喜欢设想一些不那么正式、规则性不强和惩罚弱的东西。10月,另外三家智库——新美国安全中心(CNAS)、德国的墨卡托中国研究中心(MERICS)和日本的亚太倡议概述了一个不那么排外的结构。他们建议民主国家建立一个不受正式条约约束的技术联盟。它将像G7一样,由美国、英国、加拿大、法国、德国、意大利和日本组成,也许有一天,还会包括印度和其他来自南半球的国家。它将像国际货币基金组织(IMF)和世界银行(World Bank)那样定期召开会议,发布共识意见,并邀请非政府组织(ngo)的其他利益相关者到科技公司参加会议。


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