【海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia】主目录
【附注】
1)该图文只提供截止2020年为止的有效化石物种, 因此描述关于异名的事情不会过多!
2)如果以下内容有出错, 请大家文明指正谢谢! 我将来明年会出更新版图文哦!
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【本UP使用的以下 海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia 资料出处】
01）Wikipedia
02）Deviantart
03）ResearchGate
04）Twitter
05）https://data.nhm.ac.uk
06）SCI-NEWS
07）http://www.india.com
08）http://novataxa.blogspot.com
09）http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com
10）【2015年论文】A new large-bodied thalattosuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic(Toarcian) of Hungary, with furtherevidence of the mosaic acquisition of marine adaptations in Metriorhynchoidea
11）【2018年论文】A new metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic) of England, with implications for the origin and diversification of Geosaurini
12）【2013年论文】A new specimen of Cricosaurus saltillensis (Crocodylomorpha Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Mexico evidence for craniofacial convergence within Metriorhynchidae
13）【2016年论文】Big-headed marine crocodyliforms and why we must be cautious when usingextant species as body length proxies for long-extinct relatives
14）【2011年论文】Geosaurus vignaudi n.sp. (Crocodyliformes Thalattosuchia), first evidence of metriorhynchid crocodilians in the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of central-east Mexico (State of Puebla)
15）【2015年论文】METRIORHYNCHIDAE (CrocODYLOMORPHA THALATTOSUCHIA) FROM UPPER JURASSIC-LOWER CRETACEOUS OF NEUQUÉN BASIN (ARGENTINA), WITH COMMENTS ON THE NATURAL CASTS OF THE BRAIN
16）【2009年论文】Morphospace occupation in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs：skull shape variation, species delineation and temporal patterns
17）【2013年论文】New remains of Machimosaurus hugii von Meyer, 1837(Crocodilia, Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian of Germany
18）【2016年论文】Occurrence of Torvoneustes (Crocodylomorpha, Metriorhynchidae) in marine Jurassic deposits of Oaxaca, Mexico
19）【1993年论文】Peipehsuchus teleorhinus的补充修订
20）【2013年论文】Pelagosaurus typus Bronn, 1841 (Mesoeucrocodylia Thalattosuchia) from the Upper Lias (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of Somerset, England
21）【2012年论文】Phylogenetic and morphometric assessment of the evolution of the longirostrine crocodylomorphs
22）【2015年论文】Postcranial elements of Maledictosuchus riclaensis (Thalattosuchia) from the Middle Jurassic of Spain
23）【2017年论文】Re-description of 'Steneosaurus' obtusidens Andrews, 1909, an unusualmacrophagous teleosaurid crocodylomorph from the Middle Jurassic of England
24）【2019年论文】Re-description of two contemporaneous mesorostrine teleosauroids (Crocodylomorpha Thalattosuchia) from the Bathonian of England and insights into the early evolution of Machimosaurini
25）【2019年论文】Revision of the Late Jurassic deep-water teleosauroid crocodylomorph Teleosaurus megarhinus Hulke, 1871 and evidence of pelagic adaptations in Teleosauroidea
26）【2014年论文】The cranial osteology of Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos (Crocodylomorph a Metriorhynchidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Europe
27）【2010年论文】The Evolution of Extreme Hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia Thalattosuchia) Based on Evidence from Microscopic Denticle Morphology
28）【2019年论文】The first metriorhynchoid crocodyliform from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) of Germany, with implications for the evolution of Metriorhynchoidea
29）【2011年论文】The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen. et sp. nov.
30）【2013年论文】The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator a new genus and speciesfrom the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration andmandibular evolution in predacious...
31）【2009年论文】The Skull of Teleosaurus cadomensis (Crocodylomorpha; Thalattosuchia), andPhylogenetic Analysis of Thalattosuchia
32）【2008年论文】What is Geosaurus Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany
33）【2015年论文】What's in an Outgroup The Impact of Outgroup Choice on the Phylogenetic Position of Thalattosuchia (Crocodylomorpha) and the Origin of Crocodyliformes
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【前述】
海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia是从早侏罗纪到白垩纪早期具有世界性分布的一系列海洋鳄类的名称. 尽管它们不是现代的鳄目/Crocodilia的成员, 但通称它们为洋鳄类(Marine crocodiles)或海鳄类(Sea crocodiles).
海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia是由Fraas在1901年命名. 学者对海鳄类的分类有不同意见, 海鳄类可能是中鳄亚目/里的下目,也可能是亚目. 然而中鳄亚目/Mesosuchia因为本身是个并系群, 所以不再使用.
在非海洋沉积物中也发现了远蜥鳄超科/Teleosauroidea的一些比较早期的高度淡水物种成员, 例如印中鳄属·河流暹罗种/Indosinosuchus potamosiamensis（泰国，侏罗纪中期~晚期）、印中鳄属·卡拉斯地种/Indosinosuchus kalasinensis（泰国，侏罗纪中期~晚期）和北碚鳄属·远鼻种/Peipehsuchus teleorhinus（中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦，侏罗纪(早期)-托阿尔阶）
远洋蜥鳄属/Pelagosaurus属曾被分类学感到混淆, 曾分类到远蜥鳄超科/Teleosauroidea、或是远蜥鳄超科/Teleosauroidea与中喙鳄超科/Metriorhynchoidea之间的演化枝姊妹分类, 现在科学研究已经确认远洋蜥鳄属/Pelagosaurus分类位置为中喙鳄超科/Metriorhynchoidea的原始+基底的物种之一.
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【分类树】
海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia的具体生物学分类位置:
动物界/Animalia → 脊索动物门/Chordata → 真有颔小门/Eugnathostomata → 真口类/Teleostomi → 硬骨鱼高纲/Osteichthyes → 肉鳍鱼类/Sarcopterygii → 四足形类/Tetrapodomorpha → 坚头类/Stegocephalia → 四足总纲/Tetrapoda → 爬行形类/Reptiliomorpha → 羊膜动物/Amniota → 蜥脸纲/Sauropsida → 真爬行类/Eureptilia → 卢默龙类/Romeriida → 双孔亚纲/ Diapsida → 新双弓类/Neodiapsida → 蜥类/Sauria → 统治龙形下纲(主龙形下纲)/Archosauromorpha → 鳄脚类/Crocopoda → 统治龙型类/Archosauriformes → 真鳄脚类/ Eucrocopoda → 镶嵌踝类/Crurotarsi → 统治龙类/Archosauria → 伪鳄类/Pseudosuchia → 鳄类/Suchia → 副鳄形类/Paracrocodylomorpha → 铠甲类/Loricata → 鳄形超目/Crocodylomorpha → 中真鳄类/Mesoeucrocodylia → 后鳄类/Metasuchia → 新鳄类/Neosuchia → 海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia
海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia内部物种分类表(Wikipedia，2020年修订版):
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【分类争议】
海鳄亚目/Thalattosuchia曾经先后有过分类上的争议性(下图来自于2015年的论文内容)
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【演化编年史】
侏罗纪早期：在托阿尔阶时代，出现了海鳄亚目最早物种：大型脊椎鳄属/Macrospondylus、神秘蜥鳄属/Mystriosaurus、北碚鳄属/Peipehsuchus、远洋蜥鳄属/Pelagosaurus、宽鳄属/Platysuchus和侧目鳄属/Plagiophthalmosuchus，虽然当时海鳄亚目不都是海生物种，但在侏罗纪早期的托阿尔阶时代开启了前往海洋环境扩张的演化道路。
侏罗纪中期：远蜥鳄超科/Teleosauroidea和中喙鳄超科/Metriorhynchoidea这俩海鳄亚目俩派开始演化出身形更具流线型的身材结构、大多数物种头颅外形越来越狭窄和皮内成骨开始退化消失等各种极高度水生演化迹象。
侏罗纪晚期：该时代为海鳄亚目物种演化的巅峰期，物种方面甚至演化出身长超过4米(生态位和体型仅次于当时战绩海洋顶级掠食者的上龙超科/Pliosauroidea大型物种)的物种：蛮泳鳄属/Torvoneustes、暴君泳鳄属/Tyrannoneustes、噬蜥鳄属/Dakosaurus和好斗蜥鳄属/Machimosaurus。
白垩纪早期：由于海鳄亚目在侏罗纪晚期结束时遭遇了 提通阶灭绝事件/Tithonian extinction event(至今1亿4千5万年前)，海鳄亚目的物种多样性因此惨遭重创，到白垩纪早期时只残存少数几和物种：噬蜥鳄属·安第斯种/Dakosaurus andiniensis（阿根廷，侏罗纪(晚期)-提通阶~白垩纪(早期)-贝利亚阶）、地蜥鳄属·拉皮帕尼种/Geosaurus lapparenti（法国，白垩纪(早期)-凡蓝今阶）和好斗蜥鳄属·帝王种/Machimosaurus rex（突尼斯，白垩纪(早期)-巴列姆阶）；到白垩纪晚期时早已没有任何海鳄亚目物种的化石记载了。
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【物种列表】
已知有效物种属数：总共45种
易变齿鳄属/Aeolodon
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9421314
安吉奥拉蜥鳄属/Aggiosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9421093
高贵鳄属/Andrianavoay
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9420822
深海鳄属/Bathysuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9420790
优美鳄属/Charitomenosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9425424
克洛斯沃斯海生鳄属/Clovesuurdameredeor
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9420713
环蜥鳄属/Cricosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390810
噬蜥鳄属/Dakosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390745
迪斯咯那鳄属/Deslongchampsina
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390570
黎明泳鳄属/Eoneustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390516
地蜥鳄属/Geosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9390393
纤细泳鳄属/Gracilineustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373199
古地蜥鳄属/Ieldraan
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373149
印中鳄属/Indosinosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373070
雷米鳄属/Lemmysuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9373004
好斗蜥鳄属/Machimosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9372846
大型脊椎鳄属/Macrospondylus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355712
马扎尔鳄属/Magyarosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355662
恶咒鳄属/Maledictosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355602
中喙鳄属/Metriorhynchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355539
鼻子鳄属/Mycterosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9355455
神秘蜥鳄属/Mystriosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9339176
新狭蜥鳄属/Neosteneosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9339036
涅普顿龙鳄属/Neptunidraco
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9338972
泳蜥鳄属/Neustosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9338951
蛇夫座鳄属/Opisuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9338880
北碚鳄属/Peipehsuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322730
远洋蜥鳄属/Pelagosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322711
侧目鳄属/Plagiophthalmosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322622
宽鳄属/Platysuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322513
近似鳄属/Plesiosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9322346
大头大结节鳄属/Proexochokefalos
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310522
古书蜥鳄/Purranisaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310444
脊蜥鳄属/Rhacheosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310401
罕见鳄属/Seldsienean
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310286
丝齿鳄属/Sericodon
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309527
狭蜥鳄属/Steneosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309264
鳄齿鳄属/Suchodus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309189
完全蜥鳄属/Teleidosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9309098
远蜥鳄属/Teleosaurus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9308905
海鳄属/Thalattosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9310133
蛮泳鳄属/Torvoneustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9281169
暴泳鳄属/Tyrannoneustes
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9280995
混种鳄属/Yvridiosuchus
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9280863
大齿鳄属/Zoneait
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9280829
