20210124 库纳族人的手工艺品 必应壁纸

库纳族 库纳族人的手工艺品 一件衣服有可能表达整个民族的本质吗?通常不会，但对巴拿马库纳族来说，这里看到的彩色手工纺织品可能是个例外。翻车鱼在古纳语中是“衣服”的意思，传统上，翻车鱼会出现在女性衬衫的前后两侧。即使在今天，许多库纳族妇女也宁愿穿它们，而不愿穿现代服装。这些纺织品通常以抽象的几何图案为特征，也有来自自然的图像，如乌龟、花、鸟和鱼。过去的库纳族女人们都用同样的几何图案和设计来画自己的身体，到了19世纪晚期，她们开始把这些图案编织在布料上，而不是在身上作画。如今，翻车鱼的制作仍主要由女性完成，她们采用一种名为“反向贴花”的复杂工艺，将多达七层织物缝在一起，形成一块板，然后再手工切割，创造出充满活力的设计。但是翻车鱼对库纳族人的重要性远不止于时尚。16世纪，库纳族人被西班牙殖民者从哥伦比亚赶出，经历了一场艰苦的迁徙，最终定居在巴拿马的半自治珊瑚群岛古纳亚拉。20世纪初，为了“西化”他们，巴拿马政府反对他们穿翻斗鱼和其他传统服装，他们再次发现自己与当地政府发生了争执。这导致了一场起义，库纳族最终赢得了他们今天享有的政治独立。对许多库纳族人来说，翻车鱼不仅仅是一门手艺，更是他们自主权的象征。

原文:

Is it possible for an article of clothing to express the essence of an entire people? Well, not usually, but for the indigenous Guna people of Panama, the colorful hand-woven textiles seen here may be an exception. Molas, which means 'clothing' in the Guna language, are traditionally displayed on both the front and back of women's blouses. Even today, many Guna women prefer to wear them over modern attire. The textiles often feature abstract geometric patterns, as well as images from nature such as turtles, flowers, birds, and fish. Guna women of yesteryear were known to paint their bodies with those same geometric patterns and designs, and by the late 1800s they had begun weaving them onto cloth instead of painting themselves. Today, the production of molas is still generally done by women, who use an intricate process called reverse appliqué, where as many as seven layers of fabric are sewn together to form a panel, which is then hand-cut to create the vibrant designs.But the importance of molas to the Guna people runs deeper than mere fashion. Forced from Colombia by Spanish colonists in the 16th century, the Guna endured an arduous migration before settling in Guna Yala, a semi-autonomous archipelago of coral islands in Panama. In the early 20th century, they again found themselves at odds with local authorities after the Panamanian government objected to their wearing of molas and other traditional garb as part of an attempt to 'Westernize' them. This resulted in an uprising in which the Guna finally won the political independence they enjoy today. To many Guna, the mola is not just a craft, but a symbol of their autonomy.

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