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2021大艳老师的语法长难句

2022-12-25 07:32 作者:就和数学讲道理  | 我要投稿

前言:

本篇笔记自写自记,供大家参考使用,会持续更新到完结,有错处欢迎指正。

为防视频下架,我也同时保留了word版,有需要可以私信,目前正在备考四级,欢迎唠嗑和一起学习。


一、简单句(1)

英语:必须要具备主谓结构、句子顺序要按主谓宾写、每个句子必须有语法。

主语: 一定是谓语动词的发出者

如有宾语: 宾语一定是谓v的承受者

汉语:可以没有主谓宾,主谓宾顺序可乱放、可以没有语法。


eg 我要去剪头

①写成被动:My hair will be cut

②找到真主语“理发师”:A barber will cut my hair

ask sb to do sth

I will ask a barber to cut my hair.


(2)英语句子的基本结构

1.主谓

2.主谓宾 谓语是实义动词

3.主谓表 谓语是系动词

4.主谓双宾

5.主谓宾宾补

系动词 “感保变终表状”

感官:look smell taste sound feel

保持:keep stay remain stand

变化:become grow turn fall get

终止:prove

表象:seem appear

状态:be动词


sound:n.声音,嗓音 v.甜美的

your sound sounds sound.

taste:n.爱好 v尝出、品出

have taste for (爱好…)

主谓双宾与主谓宾宾补的区别:

只需在最后两个宾语之间加一个be动词

如果意思正确,即为主谓宾宾补。

如果意思不对,即为主谓双宾。

(句型转换)

主+谓+间宾+直宾=主+谓+直+to/for+间

eg.He give me a book

be equal to He give a book to me

+to的词:give(给) bring(带来)send(寄)

lend(借)show(展示)tell(告诉)pass(递)

+for的词:get(获得)buy(买)do(做)

find(找到)cook(烹饪)

发现规律:主谓双宾和主谓宾宾补其实就是初高中背的固定搭配。

多背背固定搭配确实能提升表达能力哈!


(3)句子的成分—谓语1、2

刘晓燕老师的三句话:

首先,谓语只能是动词,然后,动词只能作谓语,所以,我们需要把一句话中不作谓语的成分全部变成非-谓语动词。

一、谓语的成分:具有时态系动词或实义动词

二、一句话当中动词能不能多?

答:绝对不能,一句话中只有一个动词,并且充当谓语,多余的谓语全部变成非-谓语动词。

非-谓语动词 ving 表主动

ved 表被动

to do 表目的

下列练习中标红的是动词。

练习:①他穿上外衣,上门,开了家

He putting on his jacket,locking the door,left home.

putting…locking…分词做状语,状语在句子中的位置是自由的。

②熊猫熊属中最珍贵的一员,大约生活在中国的西南部森林里。

Pandas are the rarest number in bear family,mainly living in the forest of Chinese Southwest.

③长江流经不同的生态体系,诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

YangZi River flowing through the diverse ecological systems,keeps the habit of a sea of endangered species,watering the Chinese 1/5 land.

英语中的系动词都可以拿来替换be动词。

④我爱你,你爱我。

I loveing you ,you love me.

⑤冬天来了,春天就不远了。

自译:If winner coming,spring will not be far

师译:Winter approaching,spring will be around the corner.


把多个句子变成一个句子的思路:

①独立主格≈分词作状语

②并列句(关联词)

③从句


⑥我是一个老师,我很喜欢唱歌。

Being a teacher, I have passion for singing songs.

分词作状语(主语一致可省略)

独立主格(主语不一致不可省)

三、一句话中动词能不能少

绝对不能,当一句话需要动词而又没有动词时,永远都+be动词,但be动词不表实际意义。

be angry with sb

agree with sb

第一处为什么有be?因为angry是形容词。

四、谓语的总结

一句话当中有且仅有一个具有时态的实义动词或系动词的存在,并且充当谓语。

多余的动词变成非谓语动词,少了动词就+be动词。

(5)句子的成分:主语

1、主语的成分:n/代/非谓语动词/从句

adj不能作主语。

eg.Handsome and strong are his nature.

所以本句错误。

修改方法:

①把adj变n

Handsomeness and strength are his nature.

②+be 动名词作主语。

Being handsome and strong is his nature.

非谓语动词作主语,谓语用单数。

2.一句话中主语能不能少?

不能。

那一句话中没有主语怎么办?

①It 作形式主语 (天气、温度、时间)

eg机舱里很闷:

It feels(=is) exceedingly hot in the cabin.

②there be 句型,听到“有”的时候使用

eg有许多人爱刘晓燕。

There exists a host of undergraduates being fascinated with Liu.

③被动:所有用人称代词作主语的词都可以考虑写成被动。

eg.必须指出坚持很重要。

Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.

eg.过度捕捞被越来越多的人认为很严重。

Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an amount of professiors.

无被动的情况

❗️动词后有介词的时候(不及物动词)

❗️系动词

❗️have 表达“有”的含义的时候

④人称代词作主语(I you we)

不到万不得已千万不要使用。

eg.如果有梦想,就应该会成功。

If there exists a dream,success are supposed to be achieved.

可替换:

应该:ought to = be supposed to

很,非常:exceedingly =more than +adj/adv=outstandingly

严重的:fearful = serious

至关重要的:crucial=vital=critical.


(6)句子的成分 宾语和表语

1宾语:n/代/非谓语动词/从句

2表语:n/代/非谓语动词/从句/adj

eg我喜欢在重庆(地状不能作宾语)

I like being/living in the CQ

eg女人都爱美

The ladies love beauty/being beautiful.

(7)简单句考点分析

1.写作

①写不来的长难句,写成简单句,一定保证语法正确。

在这里不得不提到“拆分法”

eg.有个很美丽的女人站在讲台上

(be equal to有一个女人在讲台上,她很美)

The ladies who is standing on the stage looks beautiful.

=The lady being on the stage. She looks beautiful.

②写不来的单词,替换成自己会的词汇。

斑点🐶:spotted dog

如果不会写斑点狗就换成小白狗,小黑狗。

2.长难句分析

①找谓语动词,从而找到一句话的主谓宾。

当一句话找到多个动词的,就确定主句的谓语。(前面没有引导词的谓语动词就是主句的谓语动词)

练习:

这两天心里很不爽。

I feel upset these two days.

全球在变暖。(天气,温度,时间)

It is becoming warm throughout the world.

重庆有很多人口。

There exists scores of citizens in CQ.

嫉妒本身就是一种仰望。

Jealous itself is a kind of worship.

jealous(adj)➕of-jealously(adv)-jealousy(n)

jealous is equal to envious

envious (adj)-envy(n)

有意义就是好好活,好好活就是做有意义的事。(许三多)

Being meaningful is to stay happy.

Stay happy seems to do something meaningful.

毫无疑问,溺爱孩子的问题越来越严重了。

There is no doubt that the problem of spoiling children growingly severe.

这里用there be句型的理由,让我差点没笑出来。“无=没有” “有=there be”

——————这里是分割线12.30^O^

(9)并列句——并列连词

1.什么是并列句?

就是用连词连接两个句子。

多个句子合并成一个句子的方法。

独立主格/连词/从句


2.常见的并列连词。

平行关系:and not only but also.

转折关系but yet while whereas

选择关系 whether or /or

因果关系 for so

递进关系 then

(10)3.并列句的考点分析

①写作:只要写作的上下具有逻辑关系,就一定用逻辑关系词。逻辑关系词包括连词,副词,介词和介词短语。

在英语中没有逻辑关系词就没有逻辑关系。

eg爱情早已不在了,他还在留恋。

Romantic has gone, but he still misses the past.

看到已经就要用现在完成时

即have/ has done

(11)逻辑关系词及其使用

平行:similarly /equally /likewise /at the same time /in the meanwhile

转折:however, nevertheless. on the contrary. by contrast. conversely, unexpectedly. unfortunately.

我一般这么背:

however是老朋友,conversely长了一张高级脸。nevertheless一个单词顶三个。两个“un”unfortunately, unexpectedly。还有个等价词组:by contrast and on the contrary.

选择:alternatively.

因果:Therefore.thus.consequently.as a result.

递进:Besides. Furthermore. Moreover. Additionally. In addition. Subsequently.

首先,并列句用连词2并1,连词前有无逗号均可。

然后,逻辑关系词关系词表示上下句的逻辑关系,所以使用逻辑关系词。逻辑关系词之前必须是句号。

——————————2023.2.4更新

第三章 名词和名词性从句

一、名词(短语)能做什么成分

①主语

The movie looks terrific.

②宾语

I admire his mother.

③表语

Gump is a man (阿甘是真男人)

同位语

I enjoy the part, the beginning.

补充知识同位语:

同位语是用来解释名词的,

只要在作文中见到名词,都可以有意识的在他后面加上同位语,对该名词进行补充说明,这样会使表述更加地道。

eg1:I like Eason

这句话 i 和 Eason 都可以➕同位语

I ,the university student , like eason , a well known singer from Hong Kong.

eg2:My mother ,a typical housewife,enjoy playing MaJong, a Chinese entertainment.

eg3:Persistence,an active mentality (一种积极的心态)plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults.

同位语成分:

名词/ 代词 / 非谓语动词 / 从句

What i saw looks terrific.

I admire what he said.

Gamp is who we should learn from.

I enjoy the part that a feather is flying in the sky.

名词在句子中能充当的成分,名词性从句都可以充当。

三、名词性从句的引导词

That he has got divorced is my fault.

Whether he has got divorced is obvious.

Who will he mary is a secret.

题外话,一定要把单词放到情景中去背。

重点:

名词性从句引导词是按从句类型分的类,共分为三类。

①that,当从句是陈述句时,并且that在从句中不充当成分,而且没有意义。

②whether,当从句是一般疑问句时,whether在从句中也没有成分,但意思是“是否”

③所有特殊疑问词:当从句是特殊疑问句时。

英语中所有的从句一定都是陈述句。

引导词➕主语➕谓语 的格式。

如果疑问句,就自行调换成陈述句。

————————2.7🖐🏻🌸

2.7名词性从句的练习

eg1:我正在思考外星人存在吗?

I am wondering whether aliens exist.

eg2:女人总是对的是一个常识。

(general knowledge/common sense)

That ladies turned to be right remains common sense.

eg3:我的意思是孝敬父母是中华民族统美德。

My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a Chinese conventional virtual.

eg4:有一天你会发现事业,亲情,友情都比爱情重要。

Someday, one will perceive that career, kinship and friendship prove more indispensable than romance.

vital=crucial=indispensable=critical

eg5:关键是你什么时候有钱呢?

The point seems when wealth will become available for you.

———————(21-26讲)分割线🌸

1.主语从句

满分表达:it作形式主语,把主从放在句末。

It keeps common sense that ladies tend to be right.

女人总是对的,是一个常识。

句型积累:

It……that……

It is apparent that 显而易见 众所周知

毋庸置疑It looks beyond dispute that...

It looks beyond dispute that 毋庸置疑的

It has been widely accepted that 众所周知

It is universally acknowledged that同上

It keeps my argument that 我认为

主语从句的满分句型可以写在作文中任何一句话前面,用来拉长句子。

eg1:显而易见,关于勤奋的话题已经引起广泛的关注。

It looks beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight. n.聚光灯

2.同位语从句

eg1:他已经找到了一个女朋友,这件事情使得他的家人很开心。

主语是“这件事情”,所以要先翻译。

这件事情指的是他已经找到了女朋友,

谓语是“使”

宾语是“他的家人”

所以翻译出来是The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend,makes his superiors rejoiced.

同位语从句既可放在它所解释的名词后,也可以放在句末。

eg2:没有什么能够掩盖,她正在变老这个事实。

自译:There exist nothing to disguise the truth that she is going to aging.

师译:Nothing can hide the truth that she is getting old.

eg3:河南人都是骗子,这种想法是不正确的。

The outlook proves wrong that private individuals in HeNan seems all deceivers.

eg4:温室里的花朵经受不住风雨,这个事实表明我们不应该溺爱孩子。

The evidence that flowers in the greenhouse fail to undergo storms indicate that case shouldn't be spoiled by the senior citizens.

第22讲

如何识别主语从句?

只要见到有引导词放在句首,并且从句后没有被逗号隔开,就一定是主语从句。

主语从句,从句首开始,到主句的谓语动词前结束。

主句的谓语动词,即前面没有引导词的谓语动词。在分析长难句时,见到it...that...,也通常是主语从句,主语从句从that开始至句末结束。

②如何识别宾语从句?

只要实义动词的后面有引导词,就暂定为宾从。(状从还没讲哟~)

只有宾语从句中的that可以省略!!!

If只能引导宾语从句,而whether则可以引导所有的名词性从句,所以更推荐大家使用weather。

I wonder whether i can pass the CET4 examination.

自行结合书77~80页的例题。

③如何识别表语从句?

只要系动词的后面有个引导词就是表语从句。

eg1:去美国的游客不断带回的报告是大部分的美国人对他们多么友好,客气并且乐于助人。

The report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly,courteous,and helpful most Americans were to them.

eg2:伽利略最伟大的成就是:1609年,他是第一个用新发明的望远镜观测天空的人,从而证明了行星绕着太阳转,而不是绕着地球转。

Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 He was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.

eg3:女人太专注于他们的家庭了,一旦婚姻解体,他们就会感到迷失,这就是他们不快乐的源头,也是大多数离婚的母亲认为他们是受害人的原因。

Women are much to peroccupied by family. Once the marriage begins to disintegrate, they are lost.That's it where their unhappiness spring from and that is why most divorced mother regret themselves as victims.

④如何识别同位语从句?

只要名词后面有引导,就暂定为同位语从句。(更可能是定语从句哟)

eg1:沃尔夫对语言和思维的关系感兴趣,他产生了一种想法,那就是语言的结构决定了一个社会的习惯性思维模式。

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

eg2:100年前,弗洛伊德解释了他革命性的理论,那就是梦是我们无意识的欲望和恐惧伪装后的影子。

gA century ago,Freud FormulatedHis theory that dreams were the dis

A century ago,Freud Formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of all unconscious desires and fears.

eg3:记者必须比普通市民更深刻的理解法律的这种想法,是基于对既定风俗的理解和新闻媒体特殊的职责。

But the idea that the must understand the law more profoundly than an citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.

eg4:特定的说话声音能够被六个月大的婴儿识别,这种证据已经出现了。

Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.

eg5:人们担心证人可能会受到鼓励,在法庭上夸大事实,以确保法庭对被告作出有罪的判决。

Corners were raised that witnesses might be exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

恭喜🎉名词性从句部分完结撒花。












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