你该知道的，托福听力多选题排雷的4个方法
古语有云：听力难，难于上青天。
但是到底怎么个难法，大家众说纷纭，莫衷一是。
有人说，讨厌，为什么要读那么快呢，人家都听不清啦？
有人说，劳资听到的你都不考，净考些劳资没听到的，你们的良心不会痛么？
也有人说，我觉得自己听得非常6，老铁听力完全没毛病，为啥做题还是容易错呢?
今天我们就从客观的听力音频文本的角度出发，把做听力题的过程完完整整的复原一遍。
看看到底都有哪些因素影响题目的难度，以及用什么方法应对这些困难（为了尽量cover到所有因素，我们今天用难度比较大的题型——多选题作为例子。
因素1：提示词的强弱不明
方法1：强化提示词敏感度
想搞清楚哪些因素会增加题目的难度，我们先从最容易的题入手。
请看题：
Now, the advocates of Pleistocene rewilding cite two main goals. One is to help prevent the extinction of some endangered megafauna by providing new refuges, new habitats for them.
The other is to restore some of the evolutionary and ecological potential that has been lost in North America.
According to the professor, what are the two main goals of Pleistocene rewinding? Click on 2 answers
A. To restore someevolutionary processes that ended during the Pleistocene epoch
B. To help preventthe extinction of certain species of megafauna
C. To increase populations of native animal species in the western United States
D. To create aliving laboratory where animal interactions can be observed
大家应该都能看出来，这道题是比较容易的，最大的一个原因是因为原文里有非常明显且较多的提示词。
Two main goals为总起提示，one和the other是并列提示。
听到这些提示词后面的信息就可以轻松做对题目了。所以让题目变难的第一招就是减少或者弱化提示词。
请看题：
Also, O'Keeffestudied under an artist named Arthur Wesley Dow. That's DOW, D-O-W, who advocated focusing on simple basic forms, like the lines of a flower and its petals and he wanted forms to be isolated from their original settings.
According to the professor, what principles did Arthur Wesley Dow emphasize in his art classes? Click on 2 answers.
A. Focusing on simple forms
B. Using color toreveal the essence of an object
C. Separating a form from its natural surroundings
D. Exaggerating the size of a form
题目对应文章里只有一个“and”算是并列提示，但是大家也知道“and”出现的频次是非常高的，不一定就是要出双选的并列结构，很多时候“and“只是为了转到下文的时候不那么生硬加的小词而已。
所以按提示词这个标准，这道题是要更难的。相应地，我们在做题时首先要强化对提示词的敏感度。
因素2：信息密度
方法2：提高听力精细程度
另外一个导致难度增加的因素也在上面这道题里体现出来了，那就是信息密度。
什么意思呢，一篇正常的讲座文章大概包含45-55个句子。
如果一个双选题的两个信息点分成两个句子（如第一题），甚至是两个小段落，听力压力就小很多。
如果信息点都在一个句子里，信息密度就很大，大家是很难瞬间都记下来。
因此需要正确的方法提高听力的精细程度，而不是看似听懂就一带而过。
因素3：冗余信息庞杂
方法3：有意识地区分主次信息
这个因素我们也通过一道题来分析：（长文预警......）
Generally, rains are light and short. So, the rain doesn’t seep too far down into the soil. And there’s a limited window of time for any plant to get the water before it evaporates. But succulent plants have a spread-out and shallow root system that can quickly pull in water from the top inches of soil, though the soil has tobe saturated since succulents aren’t good at absorbing water from soil that’s only a little moist. Succulent plants alsoare well suited to retaining water, important in an environment where rainy days are rare. Succulent plants can store water in their leaves, in their stems, orin their roots. And to keep that moisture fromevaporating in the hot, desert Sun, most succulent plants have a waxy outerlayer that makes them almost waterproof when their stomates are closed. They also preserve water by minimizing their surface area.The more of the plant that’s out in the Sun, the more potential there is tolose stored-up water. And that means that most succulent plants have few, ifany, leaves.
What are twofeatures of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts?
Click on 2 answers
A.Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.
B.Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.
C.Succulent plants have short stems.
D.Succulent plants have few leaves.
可以看到，文章里提示词还是不少的，那难点在哪呢？
为了让大家看得更清楚，我们把文章的内容提炼成了下面的结构图：
红色部分是题目中考到的信息点。我们可以看到S plant特征的信息量是很大的，最后考察的只是其中一部分。
这种文章大家听的时候负担会比较重，因为你没办法预测会考哪些点，不考哪些点，所以要尽量的记全信息。
所以这就是影响难度的第三个因素冗余信息。
因此，我们在平时练习时，一定要用结构化思维去理解听力内容。
听出层次，记录核心内容，不要为了记而记，结果掉进信息的汪洋。
因素4：干扰选项
方法4：积累选题经验技巧
最后一个因素在上面这道题里也有体现，大家再看一下题目和选项：
What are twofeatures of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts?
Click on 2 answers
A. Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.
B. Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.
C. Succulent plants have short stems.
D. Succulent plants have few leaves.
C选项和D选项看起来好像都是能帮助S plant保留水分的特征，很多同学会在这两个选项间来回徘徊（也不乏直接选CD的同学），但是我们刚才看过结构图以后可以清楚的发现，C是个错误选项。
所以第四个难度因素就是大家熟悉的干扰选项。（干扰选项分很多种，这里就不展开了。）
这就需要同学们在平时做题时，除了理解文章以外，也要对选项中的常见陷阱做到心中有数，有意避坑。
当然像大家熟悉的语速，文章本身的语言难度也会一定程度影响到题目的难度，但是由于这些因素都是影响所有题目难度的因素，而且是相对稳定，所以本文就暂时不作探讨了。
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作者：黄叔
编辑 & 排版：亮亮 小蔡
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