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装极值的矩形盒子(2020课标Ⅲ导数)

2022-10-16 20:43 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2020课标Ⅲ,21)设函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Dx%5E3%2Bbx%2Bc,曲线y%3Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20在点%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2Cf%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Cright)%20处的切线与y轴垂直.

(1)求b

(2)若f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有一个绝对值不大于1的零点,证明:f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20所有零点的绝对值都不大于1.

解:(1)f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D3x%5E2%2Bb

由题意可知f'%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D%2Bb%3D0

解得b%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D%7D.

(2)由(1)知f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Dx%5E3-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7Dx%2Bc

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%26%3D3x%5E2-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D3%5Cleft(%20x%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20x-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,得x%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dx%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%7D,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

所以f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的极大值为%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

极小值为%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

计算得%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3Dc%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D.

1.c%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3C0,或c-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3E0

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D,或%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3E%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft%5B%20-1%2C1%20%5Cright%5D%20无零点.

2.c%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3D0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有且仅有两个零点:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D.

符合题意.

3.c-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3D0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bc%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有且仅有两个零点:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-1%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%7D.

符合题意.

4.c-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3C0%3Cc%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D

-%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3Cc%3C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%7D

由于f%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-1%2C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%7D各存在一个零点,符合题意.

综上所述:命题成立.

命题背景:余弦的三倍角公式

%5Cbbox%5B%23def%2C5px%2Cborder%3A1px%20solid%5D%7B%0A%5Ccos%20%203x%3D4%5Ccos%20%5E3x-3%5Ccos%20%20x%7D

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