TTC【双语字幕版】：西方文明的基础（S01E29：默罕穆德与伊斯兰）
Although contested by Eastern Roman Empire and Persian Empire, Arabian Peninsula was never conquered.
Muhammad 570-632
Khadijah, wife of Muhammad
first began to teach in Mecca and not welcomed
(Ka'aba, a shrine)
the flight of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina, 622 (a decisive moment in the history of Muhammad and Islam)
Three Sources
- Quran: The scriptures of Islam, a body of recitations
- Hadith: The sayings of the Prophet
- Sunna: The good practice (Sunni, the sect)
Basic Elements of Faith
-1. Make al-Islam, the "surrender" to Allah
-2. Five pillars:
- A profession of faith-"There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet."
- Fasting, especially during Ramadan
- Prayer, five times daily, facing Mecca
- Alms
- Pilgrimage to Mecca
-3. A faith of "Orthopraxy" more than of "Orthodoxy" (action is more important than the elaboration and studying of the doctrine)
-4. The notion of the Umma Muslima- the community of all those who had make al-Islam
632, Abu Bakr became "Caliph," successor to the prophet.
the expansion
Jihad: Holy war
Dar al-Islam: House of Surrender
Dar al-Harb: House of war
661, Emergence of the Umayyad Caliphate
750, Palace revolution brought the Abbasid family to power. They build a new city, Baghdad.
