【龙腾网】哪些历史事实会让大多数人震惊?

正文翻译

During World War 2, for every soldier on the battlefield, there were 17 people behind the lines in support of that soldier (working out logistics, supply chain, intel, transportation, etc.)

在第二次世界大战期间，每一个前线士兵背后就有17个人对他进行支援。这17个人主要从事后勤，情报及运输等服务。

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在英属印度，包括今天的巴基斯坦地区，印度地区以及孟加拉国。在这片土地上，英国多次造成严重的饥荒。大的饥荒就有12次。死亡总人口大约五千万人。你可能会觉得这是饥荒，是天灾，没有任何人需要对负责。事实上情况并非如此。英国的经济政策和社会政策加剧了这个问题。例如在饥荒期间，大英帝国继续从这些土地征收粮食以供出口。在1873年至1874年间，印度比哈尔包发生饥荒并没有造成大规模的死亡。当时政府采取了充分的措施来防止饿死人的状况发生。这个事例证明在饥荒发生过程当中，政府是有很多事可以做的。在这12次大饥荒中，有一次大饥荒导致孟加拉地区1/3的人口死亡。这是一场相当于欧洲黑死病的灾难。

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3.Colin Maretsky, knows a thang or two about history
Answered March 13, 2019 · Upvoted by Colleen Anne Coyle, Ph.D Archaeology, University of Chicago
Magellan wasn’t the first man to circumnavigate the globe! He didn’t even get close!
You think Magellan sailed around the world? HAH!
Because you know why? He got MURDERED.
Here’s the story:
Magellan went out one bright Spring of 1519 to go from Spain to the Spice Islands (Indonesia), which everyone heard had the spiciest spices.On the way, some hilarious mutinies occurred, resulting in Magellan good-naturedly executing 3 dozen men.Before Indonesia, he landed in Cebu, Philippines, and thought, “Now would be a great time to convert these natives to MY religion, and I can tell them what God wants. Namely, that I’m their overlord.” So, Magellan is Spring Break-ing it up in Cebu, when he hears that one chieftan (Lapu-Lapu), doesn’t actually like this Jesus character, and furthermore, thinks Spain can shove it.He tells his men he’s about to go all “Second Coming” on this guy’s ass, and goes over with a list of friendly request, such as “kneel right here and pay me money, or I kill everyone.”Lapu-Lapu, in the style of American Idol’s Randy Jackson, says, “It’s gonna be a no from me, dawg.” Magellan then marches his sixty sailors onto the beach at Mactan, preparing to, in his words, “bring the ruckus”.Lapu-Lapu meets him there with no fewer than fifteen hundred armed warriors.Magellan, upon seeing the warriors, is quoted as saying, “oh actually you guys I forgot my sword on the boat, so go on ahead and I’ll catch up with you.”Before they could react, Lapu-Lapu stormed the shallow waters where Magellan and his men were standing. They swiftly killed several sailors, before converging on Magellan himself. Magellan’s men yelled to him that they knew, in this instance, that he would want them to save themselves and leave him to die.Magellan yelled back that he definitely did not want that, and to come save him right now.Magellan’s men said sorry but its too noisy, and they couldn’t hear that last thing he just said right there.Magellan died right on that beach in 1521, no more than halfway around the world from where he started. Lapu-Lapu is hailed as a Filipino hero to this day. He’s even on the coin!

麦哲伦不是第一个进行环球航行的人。他距离环球航行差距甚远。
你知道这是为什么吗？因为在航行途中他被谋杀了。1519年春天，麦哲伦一行开始向香料群岛进发，也就是今天的印度尼西亚。在远洋航行当中发生了几起兵变，麦哲伦处死了30多名船员。在去印度尼西亚之前，他在菲律宾宿务登陆。他想着让当地人皈依基督教。但是，当地的一个酋长告诉他，他们并不喜欢耶稣。而且，他认为西班牙人可能会推翻他的统治。麦哲伦告诉他的手下们，他想要再来一次试试。他提出了一些要求，比如让酋长跪下，将钱奉上，否则，他就会杀光所有人。
麦哲伦带领他的60名水手登上了海滩，用他自己的话来说，他打算引发当地部落的骚乱。但是，那位酋长带了1500多名全副武装武装的战士与麦哲伦会面。据说麦哲伦看到酋长的部队之后说：“我把我的剑忘在船上了。你们先过去吧，我会赶上你们的。” 结果，他们还没来得及反应，酋长部队便追上了他们。他们杀死了几名水手，然后向麦哲伦本人逼近。麦哲伦的属下向他大喊大叫。他们知道麦哲伦想要让他们去救自己。他的属下大声喊道，你在说什么？我听不见！1521年，麦哲伦被杀死在那片海滩上。这个地方距离他的出发点要绕半个地球的距离。这位拉普拉普酋长至今被誉为菲律宾的英雄。他甚至被刻在了硬币上面。

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4.Colleen Anne Coyle, Ph.D Archaeology, University of Chicago
Answered January 18, 2019 · Upvoted by Hugh Weller-Lewis, MA Literature & Social Sciences, The Open University (1991) and Tuva Andersen Cervall, M.S/M.A Byzantine Architecture, History and Art & Archaeology, Stockholm University (2025)
Several decades ago, when a Dutch private collector purchased a golden Budda statue, he had no idea of the surprise contained within.
The papier-mâché statue, which has the dimensions, roughly, of a seated person and is covered in lacquer and gold paint, has a murky history.[1] It was likely housed in a monastery in Southeastern China for centuries, before being exported from the country during the Cultural Revolution. A tumultuous period of social upheaval in Communist China started in 1966 when Chairman Mao Zedong urged citizens to seize property, dismantle educational systems and attack "bourgeois" cultural institutions. (The current owner bought the statue legally.) During some much needed restoration work in the 1990s, it was determined that the statue was neither solid nor hollow.[2] When the restorer removed the statue from its wooden platform, he noticed two pillows emblazoned with Chinese text placed beneath the statue's knees.[3] Removal of the pillows revealed the human remains.Scientific tests revealed that the ancient Buddhist statue contains the perfectly preserved remains of a 1,000-year-old mummified monk.[4] In addition to possibly being an example of self-mummification, the statue is considered to be the only such example in the world. Researchers believe the statue contains the body of a Buddhist master named Liuquan, who may have practiced the tradition of “self-mummification” to reach his final resting place.[5] Sitting in the lotus position, the monk is thought to have starved himself to death in an act of extreme spiritual devotion in China or Tibet in the 10th century.[6] It was not uncommon for monks to practise self-mummification but to find a mummified monk inside a statue is really extraordinary. For a monk that wanted to achieve enlightenment and be revered as a “living Buddha,” self-mummification was the only option.[7]
His fellow monks would have placed him adjacent to a fire to dessicate his body, eventually placing his remains on display in the monastery. After 200 years, as his remains began to deteriorate, the monks realised that he needed additional support and preservation. His mummified body was placed inside the elaborate, lacquered statue of Buddha.[17]

上面这尊雕塑大致相当于一个坐着的人。这尊佛像浑身铺满了金色的油漆。他的历史来源并不清楚。在WG之前，这尊佛像在中国东南地区的一个寺院已经被保存了几个世纪。
在上个世纪90年代，需要对这尊塑像进行修复，当时发现这尊佛像既不是固态实心，也不是完全空心。当修复者把雕像从木质平台上移开的时候，他注意到雕像膝盖下面放着两个印有中文字样的枕头。移出枕头之后露出了人类的骸骨。科学家才发现这尊佛像里面是一具1000年前的僧侣的尸骨。
这尊塑像被认为在世界上是绝无仅有的。研究人员认为这尊佛像是一位名叫柳泉的佛教大师的遗体。他可能是通过一种特殊的方式达到了他最后的安息之地。人们认为它是以莲花坐姿的方式将自己活活饿死。这种行为表现了僧侣的虔诚。僧人的坐化并不少见，但在一尊佛像当中发现一具这样的僧人，实在是太不可思议了。对于一个想要开悟并被尊为活佛的僧人来说，这是唯一的选择。
他的弟子们将他放在火堆旁，将他的尸体烤干。最终将他的遗体陈列在修道院中。两百多年后，随着他的遗体开始慢慢变质，僧侣们意识到应该要给这具尸体增加额外的支撑。于是，最终这具尸体被放在了佛像当中。

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6.Sadaf Saad, Sophomore Human Resource Management & General Management, Independent University, Bangladesh
Sultan Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, a total nervous wreck and a generally unbalanced ruler, once had his whole harem—a total of 280 concubines—thrown into and drowned in the Bosporus strait.One expert suggests that as many as 600,000 people who were designated “witches” perished during the medi period. Dentures: what would old people and hockey players do without them? Well, until the mid-1800s, dentures, aesthetically pleasing as they may be, were actually often made of teeth pulled from deceased soldiers. Hey, they’re not using them, right?The extremely goth Britons of the Ice Age commonly used old human skulls as cups. I repeat: as long as they’re not using them.Pour out another one for ancient dental hygiene: in ancient Rome, it was totally normal to use urine as mouthwash. In the Medi Ages, animals could be put on trial, and were very commonly sentenced to death.Over the course of his massively powerful campaigning around Asia and Europe, Genghis Khan killed an estimated 40 million people—that was 10% of the world’s population. But he’s also pretty much everyone’s common ancestor.
Today, the rich have plastic surgery, liposuction, and blood transfusions. But back in the 16th century, the really wealthy used to eat dead bodies, thinking that (somehow) the cadavers could cure diseases. The highest delicacy of all these bodies? Why, Egyptian mummies of course. Winston Churchill typically smoked eight to ten cigars a day, sometimes as much as fifteen. That’s cigars, not even cigarettes.After a long day working on the Great Pyramids, Ancient Egyptians liked to get into bed, unwind, and lay their heads on a nice comfy rock. That’s right, they used rock slabs for their pillows.In the 1920s, Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov unsuccessfully attempted to create a human/chimpanzee hybrid by using artificial insemination. George Washington might have been the first president of the United States, but he also should have been first in line to see a doctor: the guy variously contracted malaria, dysentery, small pox, and diphtheria, among other diseases.Hitler, like many members of the Nazi party, was vehemently against cruelty towards animals, and was a strict vegetarian.

奥斯曼帝国的苏丹易卜拉欣是一个非常神经质的人, 他的精神极不稳定。他曾经把他的整个后宫总共280名妻妾扔进了博斯普鲁斯海峡。有专家指出，在整个中世纪有60万名女巫被处死。假牙是一件非常有意思的事情。如果老年人或者是曲棍球运动员没有假牙会怎么办呢？事实上，直到19世纪中期，假牙虽然看起来非常美观。但是他们通常都是用已故的士兵的牙齿做的。冰河时期的不列颠人曾经用古人类头骨来制作杯子。只是他们不太经常去使用。在古罗马，用尿液漱口是完全正常的事情。在中世纪的时候，即使是动物也会遭到审判。那个时期的动物通常都会被判处死刑。成吉思汗在亚洲和欧洲的大规模征伐当中杀害了大约四千万人。
这个数量占当时世界总人口的10%。今天富人会去做整形手术。他们有的时候会进行抽脂和输血。但是在16世纪的时候，那些富人曾经吃过尸体，他们认为吃尸体可以治疗疾病。那么最美味的是什么呢？当然是埃及的木乃伊了。温斯顿.丘吉尔通常一天会抽八到十支雪茄。有的时候甚至可以多达15只。记住，那是雪茄，不是香烟。古埃及人喜欢躺在床上放松一下，他们的头枕在石头上面。没错，他们是用石头来做枕头的。在20世纪20年代，伊万诺维奇伊万诺夫曾经试图想要通过人工授精的方式来制造人类与黑猩猩的杂交后代，但是最终没有成功。乔治华盛顿是美国第一任总统。他应该是第一个去看医生的人。他感染了疟疾，痢疾，天花和白喉，懂多种疾病。希特勒和很多纳粹党员一样，他们强烈反对虐待动物。希特勒是一个严格的素食主义者。

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7.Elijah Bailey, studied at Self Taught Mostly
The very first chemist that we have a record of is a Mesopotamian woman named “Taputti” and she was a perfume maker.Many ancient Chinese generals and emperors died drinking substances like mercury and arsenic because they believed it would grant them immortality. The Cyrillic Alphabet, which many languages today are based off of, like Uzbek, Ukrainian, Russian, etc., did not exist until the 9th century, and it was created by 2 monks who were tasked with translating the Bible and traveling across Europe to “Christianize” it. The reason being that slavic languages were mostly spoken and not written down, so they borrowed characters from Latin, Hebrew, and Greek because they produced the same sounds that were made in the slavic languages.
1. Sultan Ibrahim I was obsessed by chubby women. He was born in Istanbul, the capitol of the Ottoman empire. Afraid of having his throne usurped, Ibrahim's older brother killed all of his younger brothers except for Ibrahim because he found him to be of no threat due to his lack of mental ability. Ibrahim I was obsessed with overweight women and ordered his men to search for the most obese women in the Ottoman Empire. He found a woman in Georgia and gave her a nickname that translates literally to “a piece of sugar.” She weighed around 330 pounds. He gave her a salary and appointed her Governor of Damascus. At one point, Ibrahim had nearly 300 women in his harem.

有史以来第一个化学家在美索不达米亚，她是一位女性香水制造商。中国古代的很多将军和皇帝是死于汞和砷。他们相信吃这些东西可以保持长生不老。
西里尔字母是很多语言的基础。其中包括乌兹别克，乌克兰，俄罗斯等国。事实上，西里尔字母直到公元九世纪才产生。这种字母是有两个修道士所创造的。他们创造西里尔字母的目的是为了翻译《圣经》。这主要是因为斯拉夫人是通过口语而不是书面形式来进行交流的。所以，他们从拉丁语，希伯来语和希腊语中借用字符，最终用这些字符来匹配斯拉夫人的语言。
奥斯曼帝国的苏丹易卜拉欣痴迷于胖乎乎的女人。他出生在伊斯坦布尔，这所城市是当时奥斯曼帝国的首都。由于害怕王位被篡夺。他的哥哥将其他所有的兄弟都杀掉。他之所以保住了自己的性命是因为他看起来没有什么威胁。他的智力很低，他痴迷于超胖的女人。他命令他的仆人们在奥斯曼帝国寻找最胖的女人。在格鲁吉亚，他找到了一个女人。他给这个女人取了一个外号“糖果。这个女人体重约330磅，他给这个女人发了薪水，他任命这个女人当大马士革的省长。