Molecule of the Week: Perovskite

钙钛矿是一种由钛酸钙(CaTiO3)组成的矿物质，也被称为钙钛氧化物。CaTiO3无色，但钙钛矿呈现出各种杂质(如铁和铜)的颜色。

1839年，柏林大学矿物学家Gustavus Rose在俄罗斯乌拉尔山脉发现了钙钛矿，他用俄罗斯矿物学家Lev Perovski的为其命名。

“钙钛矿”也被广泛作为具有结构ABX3的化合物的名称，其中A是氧化态为+2的金属；B是氧化态为+4的金属；而X是非金属，通常是氧，氧化态为-2 。由这些化合物组成的矿物质也同样被称为钙钛矿。

钙钛矿与金红石和钛铁矿一样，都是很有价值的钛矿。除了俄罗斯，钙钛矿还分布在瑞士、意大利和美国阿肯色州等不同地区。

许多具有钙钛矿结构的氧化物具有被应用到电子设备所需要的理化性质。这些氧化物的特性包括：导电性、氧化物离子通过晶格的迁移能力、热稳定性和化学稳定性，以及超磁、光催化、热电和介电特性。尤其是CaTiO3表现出了很强的电子和离子导电能力。

钙钛矿信息速览

CAS 登记号

12194-71-7

SciFinder命名

Perovskite [Ca(TiO3)]

分子式

CaO3Ti

摩尔质量

135.94 g/mol

外观

黑色、棕色、黄色或橘黄色晶体

熔点

1975 ºC

水溶性

不溶

钙钛矿危害信息

不是危害物质或混合物

【关于每周分子】

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Perovskite is a mineral that consists of calcium titanate (CaTiO3), also known as calcium titanium oxide. CaTiO3 is colorless, but perovskite takes on the colors of various impurities, such as iron and copper. The mineral occurs as orthorhombic crystals.

University of Berlin mineralogist Gustavus Rose discovered perovskite in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 1839. He named the substance after Russian mineralogist and nobleman Lev Perovski.

The name “perovskite” is also used broadly for compounds with the structure ABX3, in which A is a metal with oxidation state 2+; B is a metal with oxidation state 4+; and X is a nonmetal, usually oxygen, with oxidation state 2–. Minerals composed of these compounds are likewise called perovskites.

Perovskite, along with the minerals rutile and ilmenite, is valuable as a titanium ore. In addition to Russia, it occurs in such diverse locations as Switzerland, Italy, and Arkansas.

Many oxides with the perovskite structure have physical and chemical properties that make them useful in electronic devices. Their characteristics include electrical conductivity; oxide ion mobility through crystal lattices; thermal and chemical stability; and supermagnetic, photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and dielectric properties. CaTiO3 in particular exhibits strong electrical and ionic conductivity.

Perovskitefast facts

CAS Reg. No.

12194-71-7

SciFinder nomenclature

Perovskite [Ca(TiO3)]

Empirical

formula

CaO3Ti

Molar mass

135.94 g/mol

Appearance

Black, brown, yellow, or orange crystals

Melting point

1975 ºC

Water solubility

Insoluble

Perovskite hazard information

Not a hazardous substance or mixture

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

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