【TED演讲稿】如何改变俄罗斯对于心理健康医疗系统的看法

TED演讲者：Olga Kitaina / 奥尔加 · 基泰纳

演讲标题：How to alter the perception of mental health care in Russia / 如何改变俄罗斯对于心理健康医疗系统的看法

内容概要：During the Soviet Union era, therapy was often used as a tool of political oppression. Since then, Russia has seen major reforms in mental health care -- but stigmas and distrust for the practice still live on. Psychologist and TED Fellow Olga Kitaina shares the current state of therapy in Russia (where tarot card readers and astrologers sometimes pass as psychoanalysts) and outlines her solution for getting people the professional help they need.

在苏联时期，心理咨询常被用作压迫他人的政治工具。从那以后，俄罗斯的心理健康医疗系统经历了重大变革——可是对于心理咨询的污名化和不信任依然存在。心理学家兼 TED 社区成员奥尔加 · 基泰纳（Olga Kitaina）讲述了俄罗斯（一个占卜师和占星家都可以被视为心理分析师的国家）的心理咨询行业现状，并就如何帮助人们获取所需的心理咨询服务给出了她的解决方案。

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【1】For the past five years, I've been working as a psychologist in Russia, a country where mental health is stigmatized and people are often afraid to seek professional help.

过去五年间, 我在俄罗斯担任心理谘询师, 在俄罗斯,心理健康被汙名化, 人民通常不敢寻求专業协助。

【2】Right now, people in Ukraine are fighting for their lives.

现在,乌克兰人正在为生存而战。

【3】What is happening is devastating and traumatic, and everyone, including both Russians and Ukrainians, will need mental health support, but on different levels.

发生这种事,会造成 很大的伤害和创伤, 所有人,包括俄罗斯人 以及乌克兰人, 都需要心理健康的支持,

【4】No matter where in the world I'll be working from, I'm committed to helping people.

不论我在世界的哪个角落工作, 我都会尽力助人。

【5】Psychotherapy for me, has and will always be a force of understanding, change and peace.

对我而言,心理治疗 一直是且将来也还会是一种了解、改变,和平静的力量。

【6】And now it is needed more than ever.

而现在是最需要它的时候。

【7】Unfortunately, there is a lot of resistance to psychotherapy in Russia.

不幸的是,俄罗斯 相当排斥心理治疗。

【8】First, for historical reasons.

首先,是因为历史上的理由。

【9】During the Soviet Union, psychiatry was often used as a political tool, and this is just a small part of the state attitudes toward people that deeply traumatized the society.

在苏联时期,精神病学 通常被用来当作政治工具, 国家对人民的态度深深重创了社会, 而这只是其中一小部分。

【10】Since then, Russia has seen major reforms in the psychiatric system, and there are a growing number of good specialists in the mental health industry.

从那之后, 俄罗斯的精神病学体制 有了重大改革, 在心理健康产業, 好的专家也越来越多。

【11】Yet problems remain.

但,问题依旧存在。

【12】As in many countries where mental health has been stigmatized, proper regulations for practicing psychologists have never been developed in Russia.

就如同许多将心理健康 汙名化的国家一样, 俄罗斯从来没有为心理谘询师的执業 制订过妥善的规定。

【13】There are no licensing procedures or any laws protecting clients from incompetence and fraud.

没有核发证照的程序, 也没有任何法律来保障遇到 不称职谘询师或诈欺的客户。

【14】There are a lot of scammers, people who simply took a three-month course, tarot card readers or astrologers who say they're professional psychologists.

有很多招摇撞骗的江湖术士, 有人只上过三个月的课, 也有塔罗牌占卜师或占星术士, 他们会自称是专業心理谘询师。

【15】As a result, a lot of people don't know how to choose a professional who fits their profile or are even victimized by such unprofessional help.

因此,有很多人 不知道要如何挑选 适合他们需求的专業人士, 甚至会成为这类专業协助的受害者。

【16】In the absence of regulation and interest by the state, I saw an opportunity.

在缺乏法规,政府又没兴趣的情况下, 我看见了一个机会。

【17】With my team, we created a platform with an assessment system for psychologists and the means to get people connected to the therapists they need, therapists they can trust.

我和我的团队创立了一个平台, 平台上有心理谘询师的评估系统, 也能协助人民连结到 他们所需要的心理谘询师, 是他们能信任的心理谘询师。

【18】Through this assessment system, we help people overcome the risk of being harmed by professional help or falling into despair, of giving up hope they will ever feel better.

透过这个评估系统, 我们协助人民降低 被专業协助伤害的风险, 避免他们陷入绝望, 不再抱有能改善的希望。

【19】We have based our assessment on a hypothesis backed up with research, saying that there are common factors that significantly contribute to psychotherapy effectiveness.

我们评估背后的基础 是有研究支持的假设, 研究指出,有些共同因素 明显会影响到心理治疗的效果。

【20】This includes a variety of ways in which a therapist and the client create a special bond of trust and partnership.

包括有多种不同的方式, 让治疗师和客户可以 创造出信任与合作的特殊连结。

【21】Unfortunately, in most psychotherapy training programs in Russia, not much attention is paid to those common factors.

不幸的是,在俄罗斯, 多数心理治疗训练方案 都不太重视那些共同因素。

【22】The bottom line, having a good diploma is not enough.

重要的是, 光有好的文凭并不够。

【23】Our psychologists undergo a test and a case study interview, including ethics questions, because the client's safety is the priority.

我们的心理谘询师要接受 一项檢测和个案研究访谈, 内容包含伦理问题, 因为客户的安全是优先考量。

【24】The sad truth is that only around 15 percent of applicants pass our selective assessment screening.

让人感伤的事实是, 只有约 15% 的申请者 通过我们的评估淘汰筛选。

【25】After this assessment, it is important to match a client with the right specialist.

在这项评估之后, 重要的是将客户与对的专家配对。

【26】With our current matching algorithm, we've already helped more than 35,000 people receive safe psychotherapy.

用我们目前的配对演算法, 我们已经协助了超过三万五千人 接受安全的心理治疗。

【27】We also offer pro-bono sessions and free educational materials to support those who can't afford therapy.

我们也提供不收费的谘询时段 以及免费的教育素材, 来支援无法负担治疗的人。

【28】And I believe the number of people in need of mental health support will increase due to the PTSD, chronic stress, trauma of two years of the pandemic and all the global events we are experiencing.

我认为,需要心理健康支援的人数 将会增加,原因包括 创伤后压力症候群、 慢性压力、 创伤,可能是来自两年的疫情, 也可能来自我们 在经历的各种全球事件。

【29】And this is the beginning of a bigger mental health catastrophe we all need to face.

有个更大的心理健康灾难, 现在只是开端, 我们都得面对这灾难。

【30】We're trying our best, even though we work in a tough environment with the strong stigma and the cultural memory of psychiatry as an instrument of oppression.

我们在尽力而为, 虽然我们工作的环境很艰苦, 汙名化问题严重, 且在大家的文化记忆中, 精神病学就是压迫工具。

【31】Our goal is to minimize the risk of people giving up on therapy because it's dangerous.

我们的目标是要将大家 放弃治疗的风险降到最低, 因为那样很危险,

【32】On an individual level, it means a barrier for well-being, and unfolding potential.

就个人层面来说, 这意味着阻碍安康 以及呈现潜能的障碍。

【33】For the world, it means a loss in productivity and economy.

对世界而言, 这意味着生产力和经济状况走下坡。

【34】Just depression and anxiety disorder cause the global economy an estimated one trillion dollars each year in lost productivity.

光是忧郁和焦虑疾病 就让全球经济的生产力损失 估计达每年一兆美金。

【35】But I believe that the most important costs are the decrease in the quality of connections between people.

但,我相信,最重要的成本 是人与人的连结品质下降、

【36】The loss of self awareness.

失去自我意识、

【37】An increase in hatred and violence.

仇恨和暴力增加。

【38】Psychotherapy is not only about one individual finding help for their individual issues.

心理治疗的重点并不只是让个人 针对自己的个人问题寻求协助。

【39】When one of us is wounded, all of us share in that wound.

当我们当中的一个人受伤,

【40】Psychotherapy is a way to move forward from the burden of the past and trauma of the present by breaking cycles of hurt, by embracing the path of healing and self-knowledge.

心理治疗是向前迈进的方式, 以及现今的创伤, 做法是打破伤痛的循环, 拥抱疗愈以及自知的道路。

【41】Because by knowing ourselves and seeking healing from our pain and trauma, we also become better human beings in our interconnected world, bringing a real hope for peace.

因为,当我们能够去认识自己 在我们彼此相连的世界中, 我们也变成了更好的人, 带来真正的和平希望。

【42】Thank you.

谢谢。