钢铁雄心4开发日志 | 7/5 意大利其二（第一部分）
牧游社 牧有汉化翻译
Heart of Iron 4 Developer Developer Diary | Italy #2 (Part-1)
Carlo PDX, Paradox Staff
Buongiorno! And welcome to not only my first post here on the forums, but also to Italy's Alternative History Dev Diary! I know that a lot of you folks out there have been looking forward to Italy's re-work, and I bet that a bunch of you have already read Mano de Zombi's absolutely gigantic Dev Diary for Italy's Historical path. (If you haven't, it might be worthwhile to do so before continuing here, since he explains new features that will pop up here too.) Well, today it's time to look at what could have been if only history had turned out slightly (or sometimes wildly) different.
大家吼啊！欢迎阅读本人在论坛的首篇帖子，也是意大利的架空历史线日志！我知道很多人都一直期待着意大利的重做，想必各位都已经读过Mano de Zombi篇幅巨大的史实路线开发日志（没看的读者在继续阅读本篇前可能要看一下，他对本篇也会出现的新功能进行过说明)。那么今天则是看看历史的进程如果稍有不同（有时甚至是大不相同）的话，会是什么样子。
And please remember that all of this is still very much a work in progress; a lot of things might and will change from here until we release in- oooops, no spoilers
注意目前展示内容基本都是半成品，很多内容可能都会大改，直到发布，时间在——噢，天机不可泄露。
Before we start with the nitty-gritty, we'll just take a sneak peek at the updated Italian Focus Tree
在我们开始讨论细枝末节之前，我们先来看看更新后的意大利国策树（译注：原图如此，很糊）。
A lot has happened since the last time we saw it, right? It's so big that I couldn't even fit it into one picture!
自上次我们看到这张图到现在经历的事情可太多了。国策树现在大到一张图片都放不下！
But now, Avanti!
不过，还是让我们向前进吧！
As we all know, Italy was in the firm grip of the fascist leader Benito Mussolini who had ruled for well over 10 years as Hearts of Iron 4 starts in 1936 (and close to 20 years by 1939). Before joining Germany in the Pact of Steel, Italy's fortunes might have gone down very different paths in history - something that we have tried to reflect in the Focus Tree. At one point, Italy even guaranteed Austria's independence in an effort to stop Hitler from gobbling it up. Italy was also in talks with the United Kingdom and France to form an alliance, the Stresa Front, where the other two countries considered ceding land to Mussolini in an effort to at least have Italy stay neutral in any potential wars with Germany. And while Communism was banned in Italy under the Fascist regime, it still played a large role in the Resistenza, the resistance, and became the second-largest party in the country after WW2.
众所周知，意大利由法西斯领导人贝尼托·墨索里尼牢牢掌控，在钢铁雄心4开局的1936年，他已经统治了十多年（算到1939年就接近20年）。在加入德国的钢铁条约Pact of Steel前，意大利的命运可能会走向非常不同的道路——这也是我们试图在国策中反映的。某个时间点上，意大利甚至保障了奥地利的独立，尝试阻止希特勒吞并它。意大利也曾与英国和法国进行谈判，尝试建立联盟——即斯特雷萨阵线Stresa Front，英法考虑给墨索里尼提供领土，尝试至少让意大利在其与德国可能发生的战争中保持中立。在法西斯政权控制下的意大利查禁了意大利共产党，但它仍然在抵抗运动Resistenza中发挥了很大的作用，并在二战后成为该国的第二大党。
It wasn't until 1943 that Mussolini was finally ousted from power (keep this information in your head for a while, and we'll come back to it). Up until then, there was almost no way of removing Mussolini from power - but what if? What could have happened if only?
直到1943年，墨索里尼才终于被赶下台（大家心里先留个底，之后我们还会讲这事）。在次之前，基本没有从墨索里尼手中夺权的方法。但假如说，有了能移除墨索里尼的机会，会发生什么呢？
Let's start with the most plausible route Italy could have taken if Mussolini was deposed pre-1943, namely the:
我们先说说如果墨索里尼在1943年前遭废黜后，意大利可采取的最合理路线，也就是——
Alternative Fascist Path
另一条法西斯路线
While Italy was firmly in the grip of Mussolini and Fascism, that didn't mean that Mussolini himself was spared from criticism within his own ranks. A lot of other leading fascists were quite vocal about their opposition to joining forces with Nazi Germany, for example, and still more opposed Italy's entry into the War. Historically, it was the Grand Council of Fascism (yes, that was a real thing) that finally managed to oust Mussolini from power once the Allies had invaded Sicily in 1943. So the power struggle between Mussolini and the Grand Council will take center stage in overthrowing the Duce and guiding Italy on a new path.
虽然意大利被墨索里尼和法西斯主义牢牢控制着，但这并不等于墨索里尼本人在法西斯队伍中不受任何批判。比如，有许多身处要位的法西斯党人都相当直白地表示反对与纳粹德国联手，而且还有更多人反对意大利参战。史实发展中，直到盟军在1943年入侵西西里岛后，法西斯大委员会（没错，真有这个东西）才设法踹开墨索里尼。因此，墨索里尼和大委员会之间的权力斗争将成为推翻领袖并引导意大利走上新道路这场戏的中心舞台。
It all starts with the war with Ethiopia. Depending on how you fare here you can either go down the historical route with the Solid Progress in Ethiopia focus or if you find yourself stalled in your offensive; Struggle in Ethiopia will open up a fast track to overthrowing the old regime with Undermining the Duce.
这一切都从与埃塞俄比亚的战争开始。根据你在这里的表现，你可以选择走“在埃塞俄比亚稳步向前”这一史实路线，而若是你发现己方攻势停滞不前，那么“在埃塞俄比亚的苦战”则开启了一条能借由“削弱领袖”这一国策来推翻旧政权的快速通道。
Ousting such a powerful and central figure for fascism will always take some time though. You will first have to consolidate power before making your move!
推翻这样一位手握强权的法西斯主义核心人物总得花点时间。首先你要巩固自己的权力，然后再采取行动！
In this clash between Mussolini and the Grand Council, you will have to manage the Balance of Power. You'll want to move it towards the Council, but be sure not to overdo it! Going overboard will have ramifications down the line… While Mussolini is well entrenched by this point you can take steps to unlock specific Balance of Power decisions that will help you to further undermine the Duce and tip the scales.
在墨索里尼和大委员会之间的冲突中，你必须要处理权力平衡Balance of Power这一机制。要确保将其推向大委员会的同时，不让平衡倾斜过度。超出限度的话会导致彻底的决裂。虽然墨索里尼的势力此时已经根深蒂固，你仍可以采取措施来解锁特定的权力平衡决议，这将有助于你进一步削弱领袖，使天平倾斜。
Once you have enough power you can Convene the Grand Council to decide the Duce's fate, and then cement his fate with Depose Mussolini. But what if you didn't struggle in Ethiopia? What if you're just too good? Do not fret my friends! You can still oust Mussolini even though you made Solid Progress in Ethiopia, it will just cost you a little bit more…
一旦掌控了足够的权力，你就可以召开大委员会，并以废黜墨索里尼来敲定领袖的命运。但如果你在埃塞俄比亚没遇到困难呢？如果你实在是忒优秀了呢？不要着急朋友们！即使在埃塞俄比亚的攻势稳步推进，你仍然可以推翻墨索里尼，只是要多点花费……
So, you have deposed Mussolini - now what? Well, now we get to the juicy bits! You can either stick with the fascist system, or you can grant the King executive powers over the country. Let's first look at the potential fascist leaders, waiting in the shadows to take over after Il Duce.
那么，废黜了墨索里尼之后要做什么呢？好吧，现在咱们要看纯干货了！你可以坚持法西斯体制，也可以授予国王行政权力。让我们先来看看备选的法西斯领导人，都有谁在幕后等待着接领袖的班。
While Mussolini was the very face of fascism in Italy throughout the 1920's and 30's, there were other prominent fascists who at one time or another were potential successors to Il Duce. Two of these were Italo Balbo and Dino Grandi.
诚然，墨索里尼是意大利法西斯在20世纪20至30年代间的头牌人物，但也曾有很多强势的法西斯分子觊觎领袖之位，他们前前后后都曾是墨索里尼的潜在继承者。其中就有伊塔洛·巴尔博和迪诺·格兰迪。
Both of these fellas will have their own sub-branches with quite different focuses based on some of their historical deeds, traits, and ambitions - but they will also share a common sub-branch between them. Before diving any deeper into the new potential Duce, let's take a look at the shared sub-branch between them.
这两位都有独特且符合其史实成就、特质及野心而设计的国策分支，同时还有一条通用的路线。在详细介绍新的备选领袖之前，我们先来看看他们共享的分支树。
The first thing a new Duce has to do is to either Consolidate Power over the Fascist Party or Stop the Squandering that ran rampant under Mussolini's reign. Depending on who you chose as the new country leader, these focuses will unlock further focuses in their respective path.
新领袖上任的第一件事，要么是在法西斯党内“巩固权力”，要么就是针对墨索里尼治下夸张的浪费开展“制止挥霍”。这两个国策会基于选作意大利领袖的人物，分别解锁两人各自路线上的更多国策。
Something that will be important to do is to increase the new leader's standing towards the Grand Council in the Balance of Power. Having enough power will enable you to Purge the Party - to get rid of any support for Mussolini that lingers on. This will be a great opportunity to strengthen your new leader's Balance of Power - if you're ready to sacrifice some of your advisors and generals….
另一件要事，是在权力平衡中提高新领袖在大委员会的地位。拥有足够强大的政治权力便能进行“党内清洗”——摆脱党内残存的墨索里尼支持者。这将是增强新领袖权力平衡地位的绝佳机会，当然你也得做好牺牲一部分顾问和将军的准备……
Next up, you will be deciding The Fate of Mussolini, which is another opportunity to gain some Balance of Power for your new Duce, but each decision will carry with it different ramifications and consequences.
随后，你将决定“墨索里尼的命运”，这又是一个为新领袖获得权力平衡优势的机会，但每个选项都会有相应的代价和后果。
After that, you're free to decide where to take Italy! Maybe you decide that Mussolini wasn't all that crazy after all for tying fascism so closely to his persona and go with Divino Duce.
在此之后，你就可以自由地选择意大利的未来了！你或许会发觉墨索里尼将法西斯主义与其人格捆绑的选择并不是那么疯狂，进而选择国策“神圣领袖”。
Or you'll decide that fascism should serve a higher purpose than the glorification of a single individual and go with A Greater Purpose.
或者说，你认为法西斯主义应该有比神化某个个体更宏大的目标，你可以选择“更宏伟的目标”。
And now, let's turn our attention to the two potential country leaders.
现在，我们来介绍下这两位备选的国家领袖。
I know a lot of you have been hoping to see Italo Balbo in the re-worked Italian Focus Tree - and how could we leave him out? At one point in time, he was seen as a rival to Mussolini and the obvious heir to take over from him. Balbo had been a key player when installing Mussolini to power way back in 1922, and could therefore not be ignored with ease. He opposed the alliance with Nazi Germany and preferred to ally with the UK, commenting that "you will end up shining the shoes of the Germans", to his fellow fascists. He was accidentally shot down by friendly fire in June 1940 and died - but you can now change this!
我知道很多玩家都希望能在重置后的意大利国策树中看到伊塔洛·巴尔博的身影——我们怎么能忽略他呢？曾几何时，他被视为墨索里尼的竞争对手，也是最有可能接替领袖之位的人选。在1922年时，巴尔博在扶持墨索里尼上位的过程中发挥了关键作用，因此他可绝对不是能轻易忽略的人物。他曾反对和纳粹德国的同盟，并倾向与英国结盟，还曾对法西斯党同僚讲出那句名言：“你们最后都会去给德国人刷靴子”。他在1940年六月因遭友军对空火力而意外身亡，但现在你可以改变这一切！
Balbo has two unique paths available to him; one focuses on the reorganization and modernization of Italy's army and airforce. During the 20's Balbo was appointed head of the Airforce, the Regia Aeronautica, and made headlines as an aviator. Under him, the Aeronautica became a world-class airforce - all of which is represented in his starting Leader Trait. While he was convinced that Italy's future lay in the skies, he also had ambitions to reform Italy's army; to make it a more mobile and motorized force. He was also part of the formation of the Saharan auto-aviation Companies, a long-range motorized reconnaissance unit with its own aircraft attached to it. All of this manifests itself when you have to choose between Reorganize Regio Esercito and Reinforce Regia Aeronautica; basically choosing to invest in either the army or the airforce since Italy's resources still are scarce.
巴尔博有两条专属的国策路线；其中一条专注于意大利陆军和空军的现代化重组。二十年代期间，巴尔博被任命为意大利皇家空军总司令，并以一位航空家的身份登上了头条。在他的改革下，皇家空军成为了世界一流的空军——这些成就都反映在他的初始领导人特质上。他虽然他认定意大利的未来取决于天空，他也有改革意大利陆军的野心：让其成为一股更具机动性的摩托化军事力量。他也曾是撒哈拉摩托化-航空连队建立时的重要成员。这是一支远距离摩托化侦察部队，旗下也包括一支隶属于他们的空军。但这两者的冲突会在你选择重组皇家陆军还是增强皇家空军时候浮现前台——你只能选择投资陆军或者空军，毕竟意大利的资源还是很有限的。
Once you have made your choice between the Esercito and Aeronautica, we arrive at the before-mentioned Saharan auto-aviation Companies, a focus to let you bolster its capabilities and then expand it even further with the Combined Army and Airforce - which will give Balbo his second Leader Trait; the Military Modernizer.
在陆军和空军之间做出选择后，我们就来到了前文中提到的“撒哈拉摩托化-航空连队”，一个会进一步增强其能力的国策，该效果也会经后续国策“空地一体化作战”进一步增强，并给巴尔博添加第二个领导人特质：军队现代化之父。
After having undertaken a few transatlantic flights and becoming increasingly popular, not only abroad but also at home, Mussolini decided to send off Balbo to the less glamorous position as Libya's governor. Here he constructed the Via Balbia, a road network across the country, and managed to attract Italian farmers to resettle in Libya (with varying degrees of success - especially for the local population). This is all part of Balbo's second unique path that starts with The Fourth Shore, which was a kind of nickname for Libya in Italy at the time. This path is also the only way to get even further resources in Tripoli, in the form of Oil or Steel - riches that were discovered in Libya (albeit further south) during the War, but never developed or prospected until later.
在完成数次跨大西洋飞行，并逐渐在国内外都日渐知名起来的时候，巴尔博却被墨索里尼托付了并不体面的利比亚总督一职。期间他建设了巴尔博公路，也就是日后的利比亚沿海公路——绵延整个利比亚的公路系统，并成功吸引了众多意大利农民定居利比亚（“成功”的程度各不相同——尤其是对本地民众而言）。这都是巴尔博第二条专属的国策路线的内容，这条路线以国策“第四海岸线”开始，这也是当时意大利人对利比亚的某种昵称。这条路线同时也是唯一能在的黎波里进一步增加战略资源（石油或钢铁）的方法。这些资源曾于战争期间在利比亚（虽然是其更南部区域）探明，但直到战后都从未有机会开发或利用。
The focus of the second path for Balbo is to develop and integrate Libya even more, culminating with the Novus Ordo state modifier for all Libyan states. Besides the state modifier, you'll also get some irregular infantry.
巴尔博的第二条国策路线重点在于进一步开发和整合利比亚，并以国策“新秩序”结束，给利比亚地区的所有省份增加一个省份修正。此外还会附带一些非常规步兵部队。
Oddly enough, it might have been Hitler that summed up Balbo the best in his eulogy to the man (even though Balbo never liked the German Führer): "The death of Balbo was a great tragedy; there was a worthy successor of the Duce, a man who had something of the Renaissance in him! A man whose name alone was worth something! Balbo had the great advantage that he had equal influence with both Party and armed forces, and it is an ironic fate that he should have been shot down by Italian anti-aircraft guns."
奇怪的是，真正对巴尔博作出完整评价的反而是希特勒的悼词（虽然巴尔博对德国元首从未有好感）：“巴尔博的离世是一个巨大的悲剧；一个完全够格的领袖继承人，一个心中具有文艺复兴精神的人！一个单连名字都有所价值的人！巴尔博在意大利有一个很大的优势：他对党和军队都有同样的影响力。而他竟然被意大利军队的高射炮击落，命运真是讽刺。”
In order to access Balbo's two exclusive paths, you will first have to unlock the means of production and resources to forge ahead by stopping Mussolini's squandering in the shared sub-branch with Dino Grandi. And who even is this Dino Grandi fellow by the way?
要进入巴尔博的两条独特路线，首先要解锁生产资料和资源，这要通过在和迪诺·格兰迪共享的国策路线中阻止墨索里尼式的大肆挥霍来争得先机。不过这个迪诺·格兰迪是谁？
Remember how Mussolini was ousted from office in 1943 after the Allied invasion of Sicily? This was the main guy behind the coup d'état; Dino Grandi. I know that some of you might have liked to see Mussolini's son-in-law, Galeazzo Ciano - and an argument could be made for his case (as one could for Emilio De Bono too), but Dino Grandi was the man that deposed Mussolini in the end. He was also seen as both a rival and a potential successor to Il Duce at different times. Grandi was among other things the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and as such reformed the institution and opened the diplomatic classes to other qualified people than just the nobles that traditionally had held these positions. He was later reassigned to become the ambassador to the UK because of Mussolini's growing suspicion and jealousy. As the ambassador, Grandi tried to make an alliance with the UK (he wasn't a fan of Nazi Germany either). This forced the Duce to recall him back to Italy where he was made Minister of Justice.
还记得1943年盟军入侵西西里岛后，墨索里尼是怎么被赶下台的吗？迪诺·格兰迪是这场政变背后的主要人物。我知道有些玩家可能更想看到墨索里尼的女婿，加莱亚佐·齐亚诺——想到他也确实符合常理（当然埃米利奥·德博诺也是），但说到底迪诺·格兰迪才是真正废黜墨索里尼的人。在不同时期，他也被视为领袖的竞争对手和潜在接班人。格兰迪的一个身份便是外交部长，因此他对外交部进行了改革，并让其他达标的人选加入外交官行列，不再照传统仅由贵族任职。后来，由于墨索里尼的猜疑和嫉妒，他被重新任命为驻英国大使。作为大使，格兰迪试图与英国结盟（他也不怎么中意纳粹德国），迫使墨索里尼把他召回意大利，任命他为司法部长。
One of Grandi's exclusive paths is open to be pursued as soon as he's made the new country leader; seeking bilateral agreements with either France or the UK. Since he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and sought after an alliance with the UK, you can now deepen the relationship with either country.
格兰迪的专属路线之一会在他成为国家领导人后解锁，其目的是寻求意英或意法的两国协议。由于他的外交部长身份以及曾寻求与英国结盟，你现在可以与两国中任意一个加深关系。
With Seek British Military Cooperation you can approach the UK, seeking a joint military program where you share naval and air research with each other - which will boost your research in respective area.
通过“寻求英国军事合作”的国策，你可以接触英国并启动一个联合军事项目，与合作伙伴分享海军和空军的研究，为相关领域的研发提供加成。
If on the other hand, you wish to seek closer relationships with France through Invite France to a Military Program, you will get a boost in infantry and tank research.
另一方面，如果你希望通过“邀请法国成为军事伙伴”的国策和法国结成更紧密的盟友关系，你会得到步兵和坦克的研究加成。
The next step is to secure our long borders with one of your neighbors. This will at the very least buy you some time to further build up your military capabilities, and after that, it's up to you if you want to deepen the relationship with either France or the UK even further - or if you feel the time is right for some backstabbing….
下一步是确保我们与另一邻国宽阔边境的安全。这至少能赢得一些时间来进一步增强你的军事能力，在那之后，你可以想进一步加深与法国或英国的关系——或者认为是时候该搞点背后小动作的话……
The last step in this path is to take your rightful place as a true major power and Proclaim the Italian Empire! This action will not only boost the morale of your troops, but it'll give you additional manpower to draw from as well - among other things. (Completing these focuses will also help you out elsewhere in the Focus Tree, considering Grandi was Foreign Minister *hint hint nudge nudge*)
这条线路的最后一步，就是获得一个真正大国应有的地位并且“宣告成立意大利帝国”！此举不仅会提升部队的士气，也会带来额外可征召的人力。（完成这些国策也会有助于国策树的其他部分，毕竟格兰迪毕竟是外交部长*大声明示*。）
Grandi will get a new Leader Trait too; Father of the Empire
格兰迪也会获得一个新领袖特质：帝国之父。
To be able to proceed through Grandi’s second unique path, you will first have to Consolidate Power and move the Balance of Power to your side enough to pursue your own agenda. This part is all about reforming old institutions, making them more effective, and expanding them. Grandi never was much of a military man compared to Balbo, but you will be able to improve the economy and industries to prop up the armed forces.
要继续推进格兰迪的第二条专属路线，首先需要“巩固权力”，并使权力平衡足够倾向己方，以便执行自己的计划。这部分都是关于改革旧机构，使它们更高效并进行扩张。与巴尔博相比，格兰迪并非军政达人，但你可以借由改善经济和工业来支持军队。
Once you quell all opposition within the party you're free to open up more institutions to competent people, and with Meritocracy, you'll get advisors that are otherwise unavailable to Italy's Fascist government. This focus will also cap off Grandi's third Leader Trait; Political Reformer.
在你压制了党派内部的反对派之后，你可以开放更多政府机构岗位给能够胜任的人。通过“任人唯贤”，你会获得一些意大利法西斯政府通常无法使用的顾问。这个国策也会给格兰迪第三个领导人特质：政治改革家。
The last focus of this sub-branch is Expanded Corporatism, which combines Grandi's background in foreign affairs and the reforms he undertook - and which is central to the improvement of the economy and industry. By relying more on local talents, you'll be able to extract more resources and production from occupied territories, as well as get more compliance from these places.
这个路线的最后一个国策是“拓展社团主义”，其合并了格兰迪的外交官员背景和他提出的改革。这个国策也是提升经济和工业的重要国策。通过更多地依赖当地人才，你将能够从占领的领土中提取更多的资源和生产，以及从这些地方获得更多的顺从度。
And that about rounds it up for the Alt Fascist Branch of the Italian Focus Tree. But before we open the door for the Monarchist Branch, maybe we can take a look at Balbo's and Grandi's Balance of Power Traits.
这基本就是意大利的架空法西斯线了。不过在我们聊到君主线之前，我们不如看一眼巴尔博和格兰迪的权力平衡系统的特点。
Maybe to no one's surprise, Balbo's Balance of Power revolves around the military. To increase military production and experience, Balbo will draw resources from elsewhere.
毫不令人惊奇的是，巴尔博的权力平衡主要着眼于军队。为了增强军事生产和增加部队经验，巴尔博将从其他方面抽调资源。
Grandi meanwhile, will focus on law and order, but also on expanding the industries to the detriment of the military.
而格兰迪则将重点放在法律与秩序上，同时不惜削弱军事力量来扩张工业。
Now that we've acquainted ourselves with the potential fascist leaders ready to take over from Mussolini, we'll turn our attention to what the King, Vittorio Emanuele III, has up his sleeve!
介绍完有望取代墨索里尼的法西斯领袖后，我们再来看看意大利国王维托里奥·埃马努埃莱三世有什么锦囊妙计！
篇幅所限，下半部分请移步下篇：
翻译：铿尔舍瑟 Raymond 人间面包 李勋回来了 黑夜龙人 视力不好的胡德
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本作品英文原文著作权属Paradox interactive AB所有，中文译文著作权属牧有汉化所有。
