（书籍翻译）拜占庭的味道：传奇帝国的美食

在网上找书的时候，偶然发现这本《Tastes of Byzantium ：The Cuisine of a Legendary Empire》，看了下目录，感觉挺有趣。我也暂时没有找到国内的翻译本，于是尝试自己翻译（当然，大部分是谷歌机翻，但我会适当地调整语序和错误翻译，如有误，还请各位大大帮忙在评论区斧正，非常感谢！）仅供参考与阅读。

作者生平：

          安德鲁·达尔比（Andrew Dalby）是一位古典学者、历史学家、语言学家和翻译家，以他关于食物史（尤其是希腊和罗马帝国）的书籍而闻名。 《Siren Feasts》 是安德鲁·达尔比的第一本美食书籍，获得了 Runciman（朗西曼）奖，他的第二本书《Dangerous Tastes》在2001年获得了美食作家协会年度美食书籍。他还是《The Classical Cookbook》和《Empire of Pleasures》以及巴克斯和维纳斯的传记的作者。

《Tastes of Byzantium ：The Cuisine of a Legendary Empire》于 2003 年首次出版

ISBN: 978 1 84885 165 8

本书完整的 CIP 记录可从大英图书馆、美国国会图书馆获得

由 Thomson Press India Ltd 在印度印刷和装订

Table of Contents目录

Preface前言

An Introduction to Byzantium拜占庭简介

Tastes and Smells of the City城市的味道和气味

Foods and Markets of Constantinople 君士坦丁堡的食品和市场

Water and Wine, Monks and Travellers 水与酒，修道士与旅行者

Rulers of the World世界统治者

The Texts ：The Eight Flavours 、Categories of Foods 、Humoral and Dietary Qualities of Foods 、A Dietary Calendar文本：八味、食物的分类、食物汁液与膳食品质、膳食日历

Instructions and Recipes说明和食谱

A Phrase-Book of Byzantine Foods and Aromas拜占庭食物和香气的短语书

Bibliography 参考书目

Index索引

前言

There has never been a book in English about the foods and wines of the Byzantine Empire. Flavours of Byzantium is a beginning. It is also a reply to the readers of Siren feasts who were intrigued by what was said there of Byzantine food and wine and asked if any more was known.

          从来没有一本关于拜占庭帝国的食物和葡萄酒的英文书。《拜占庭的味道》是一个开始。这也是对《Siren feasts》读者的回复，他们对那里所说的拜占庭美食和美酒很感兴趣，并询问是否还有更多信息。

No single source can serve as our guide. There is no recipe book like the Latin Apicius. There is no medieval encyclopaedia of social history that gathers the literary source materials as does Athenaeus's Deipnosophists for classical Greece. This book includes new translations of four short Byzantine Greek texts on aspects of diet. Throughout, other sources help to fill out the picture, supplying a social context, practical details and occasionally even recipes.

          没有任一来源可以作为我们的指南。没有像拉丁文 Apicius 这样的食谱书。 没有中世纪的社会历史百科全书，像雅典娜的古典希腊神论者那样收集的文学资料。 这本书包括四个关于饮食方面的拜占庭希腊短文的新译本。 在整个过程中，其他来源有助于补充图片，提供社会背景、实用细节，有的甚至是食谱。

Byzantine research is a wide-open field. There is much more information waiting to be gathered and used. As one example, this book draws chiefly on literary works (e.g., history, poetry, letters) and technical texts (e.g., pharmacology, dietetics), largely leaving aside documents such as those that lay down the rules of daily life for the inmates of monasteries, and, in so doing, tell us what they ate or were supposed to eat.

          拜占庭研究是一个广阔的领域。 还有更多信息等待收集和使用。举个例子，这本书主要借鉴文学作品（例如，历史、诗歌、信件）和技术文本（例如，药理学、饮食学），很大程度上将其他文件放在一边，例如为修道院的囚犯制定日常生活规则的文件，并在这样做时告诉我们他们吃什么或应该吃什么。

The phrase-book of Byzantine food, which forms chapter 8, is based directly on the texts. Many of these are translated, or referred to, in the earlier part of this book. It incorporates a fair proportion of material that had been collected by the great scholars who worked on the vocabulary of Byzantine life - giants such as du Cange, Korais and Koukoules. There is also a lot that is gathered in this phrase-book for the first time or that was not clear till now. The few existing Greek dictionaries that focus on Byzantine terminology tend to slip out of focus when they approach a technical field such as food: they contain some serious misunderstandings. So this phrase-book is not intended for time-travellers alone: it will help all those who are interested in Byzantine history. After browsing through it, any reader will have a clearer idea of how food was talked about, classified, bought, sold, cooked and enjoyed in Constantinople.

          构成第 8 章的拜占庭食物短语手册直接基于文本。其中许多在本书的前半部分被翻译或提及。它包含了相当一部分由研究拜占庭生活术语的伟大学者——du Cange、Korais 和 Koukoules 等巨匠收集的材料。这本短语手册中也有很多内容是第一次收集或直到现在还不清楚。少数现有的专注于拜占庭术语的希腊词典在涉及诸如食品等技术领域时往往会失去焦点：它们包含了一些严重的误解。因此，这本短语手册不仅仅适用于时间旅行者：它将帮助所有对拜占庭历史感兴趣的人。浏览完后，任何读者都会更清楚地了解君士坦丁堡的食物是如何被谈论、分类、购买、出售、烹饪和享用的。

This phrase-book, incidentally, is one of a series of three glossaries resulting from my exploration of ancient gastronomic pleasures. Siren feasts, published in 1996, includes a five-language glossary (classical Greek, modern Greek, Turkish, scientific Latin, English) of the sources of ancient Greek foods, arranged under classical Greek terms. Food in the ancient world from A to Z, published by Routledge in May 2003, is arranged under English words and includes indexes in classical Greek and Latin.

          顺便说一句，这本短语手册是我探索古代美食乐趣的三个系列之一。 《Siren feasts》 于 1996 年出版，包括按古典希腊术语排列的古希腊食物来源的五种语言表（古典希腊语、现代希腊语、土耳其语、科学拉丁语、英语）。 Routledge（劳特利奇）于2003年5月出版的《从 A 到 Z 古代世界的食物》，其排列在英语单词下，包括古典希腊语和拉丁语的索引。

Postscript: April 2003

后记：2003 年 4 月

After completing the text of Flavours of Byzantium I learned of two very different recent books dealing with Byzantine food.

          在完成《拜占庭风味》的文本后，我了解到最近有两本不同的关于拜占庭食物的书籍。

One is the collection of monastic typika published at Dumbarton Oaks (Thomas and Hero 2001 in the bibliography). TJpika are instructions on food and other aspects of monastery life. Because these documents have until now been very difficult to collect, study and compare I have deliberately avoided dealing in detail with monastic meals in the present book: I knew I could not do them justice. Well, anyone can now buy this five-volume set - the bargain of the twenty-first century - and set to work, beginning with appendix B 'The regulation of diet in the Byzantine monastic foundation documents' on pp. 1696-1716.

          一本是在 Dumbarton Oaks 出版的修道院 typika 合集（Thomas and Hero 2001 in the bibliography）。 TJpika 是关于食物和修道院生活其他方面的说明。 因为这些文件至今很难收集、研究和比较，所以我故意避免在本书中详细讨论修道院的饭菜：我知道我不能公正地对待它们。好吧，现在任何人都可以购买这五卷集——二十一世纪的买卖——并开始工作，从第 1696-1716 页的附录 B“拜占庭修道院基金会文件中的饮食规定”开始。

The second is the self-published collection of materials on Byzantine cuisine by Henry Marks (Marks 2002). This includes translations of the Prodromic poems, of Simeon Seth On the Properties of Foods, and Boissonade's version of the Dietary Calendar. None of these is otherwise available in English; as it happens, I had chosen to translate a different version of the Dietary Calendar in the present book (chapter 6 text 4). Marks's translations are unreliable, but his book also includes one hundred Byzantine recipes, reworked for the modern kitchen.

          第二本是亨利·马克斯（Henry Marks）自行出版的拜占庭美食资料集（Marks 2002）。 这包括 Prodromic 诗歌的翻译、Simeon Seth 关于食物特性的翻译以及 Boissonade 的饮食日历版本。这些都没有英文版本； 碰巧，我选择在本书中翻译不同版本的饮食日历（第 6 章第 4 篇）。马克斯的翻译不可靠，但他的书中还包括为现代厨房重新设计的一百个拜占庭食谱。

My thanks to Linda Makris for seeking and finding Byzantine information in Greek libraries and bookshops; and to Tom Jaine, official publisher to a team of ancient food writers including Archestratus, Cato, Anthimus and now, at last, Hierophilus the Sophist.

          感谢 Linda Makris 在希腊图书馆和书店寻找和查找拜占庭信息； 还有汤姆·杰恩（Tom Jaine），他是古代美食作家团队的官方出版商，其中包括 Archestratus、Cato、Anthimus，最后是智者希罗菲勒斯。

未完待续（拜占庭印章系列也在持续更新！！！）