2023高考语法 专题一 冠词
专题一 冠词
重难点分析
冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。
历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。
一、冠词的位置
考点
示例
1
such/what/many/rather/quite + a(n) +形容词+单数可数名词
quite a small house, such a little boy
2
how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n) +单数可数名词
so nice a girl
3
both/all/half/twice/double + the+名词
twice the size of the room
4
half a(n)或a half+单数可数名词
half an hour / a half hour
二、不定冠词
考点
示例
1
表示泛指，与any同义
A square has four sides. 正方形有四边。
2
表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概念不如one强烈
He will be back in a week. 一周后，他就会回来了。
3
表示一类人或东西，与the same同义
Bird of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。
4
表示“每一个”，与every, each, per同义
I visit my father once a month. 我一个月见一次我爸爸。
5
表示“某一”，与a certain同义
A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you. 一位斯密斯先生在等着要见你。
6
表示“像……似的”，与like同义
He is a Lei Feng in our class. 他是我们班上的雷锋。
7
用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一场”等
We had a heavy rain last night. 我们昨晚遇到了一场大雨。
8
用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化
You are a great help to your mother. 你帮了你母亲一个大忙。
三、定冠词
考点
示例
1
特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物
There I met a foreigner, and the foreigner helped me a lot.
Do you know the man standing by the window?
2
用于单数名词前，指一类事物
The lion is a wild animal.
3
用于乐器名称前
play the violin/piano
4
用于世界上独一无二的事物前
the sun, the earth, the moon
5
与某些形容词连用表示一类人
the rich, the poor, the young, the aged
6
用在序数词和最高级前
the first one to come to school, the best student in our class
7
在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中
The Changjiang River, the West Lake, the English Channel
8
在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前
the Browns, in the 1980s
9
在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民
the Chinese, the English
10
用在一些习惯用语中
in the morning, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year
四、零冠词
考点
示例
1
专有名词和不可数名词前
China, America, Grade One, Class Two, air, money, water
2
名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any等
Go down this street.
3
当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时
We are students.
I like reading stories.
4
成对名词连用时
day after day, face to face
5
在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前
play basketball, play chess, like physics, speak English, at lunch
6
在季节、月份、星期或某些含Day的节假日等名词前
Autumn is the best season in Beijing.
In May, New Year’s Day, on Sunday
7
在某些习惯用语中的名词前
at noon, by bus, by telephone, in bed, in time, go to bed, go to college
五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析
英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。
1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面
There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外）
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内）
2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。
3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。
4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。
5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替
When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。
6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之
Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。
In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。
7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。
Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。
8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿
Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。
Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。
9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个
He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。
Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。
10. a most interesting 非常有趣的；the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）
This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。
11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士；a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
a doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。
a doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12. a number of 许多、好些；the number of ……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）
A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。
The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。
考点练透
一、单句填空 用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“/”。
1. —hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t __________ Mr. Smith here.
2. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday?
3. —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________ keyboard.
—You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer.
4. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.
5. According to __________ World Health Organization, health-care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of COVID-19.
6. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living.
7. I think it really __________ honor for me to speak here.
8. This lab used to be in __________ charge of Mr. Wang.
9. I know there is __________ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on __________ business.
10. He devotes most of his time to __________ football. And I am sure he promises __________ excellent footballer.
11. Don’t lose heart. Please have __________ second try.
12. Those who are rich should help __________ poor.
13. In some factories workers get paid by __________ piece.
14. John is __________ university student from __________ European country.
15. Teachers play __________ active and important part in building up students’ character.
16. __________ Zhangs live on the second floor.
17. It is known to us all that __________ light travels faster than __________ sound.
18. A tower is seen in __________ distance.
19. In case of fire, please press __________ red button.
20. Shenzhen has __________ population of more than 15 million.
21. __________ days I spent with Mary in Shanghai were so wonderful.
22. My brother was born in __________ spring of 1999.
23. How sweetly she sings! I have never heard __________ better voice.
24. Beijing is __________ second largest city in China.
25. My trip to Tibet was really __________ unforgettable experience.
二、语篇填空 在括号中填入适当的冠词。
There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.
One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy (绒毛状的) white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled (翻腾) a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.
But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the bush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest — in perfect peace.
The king chose 10 second picture.
三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum has partnered with Google Arts & Culture 1 (develop) “Explore a Dairy Farm”, a virtual reality (VR) exploration available through the Google Exploration app.
This virtual tour offers users private access to rarely-seen areas of the museum, which is a working farm located on a 2 (nation) heritage site. Follow the museum’s herdspeople (牧民) as they complete 3 (they) afternoon chores and care for the dairy herd.
Created using 3D photography, the virtual tour 4 (design) to be viewed using a smartphone within a Google Cardboard viewer. The tour can also be viewed 5 a smartphone or tablet — without 6 (use) Google Cardboard. There 7 (be) nine slides, or broad views, with each one offering between three and five 8 (point) of interest.
The museum has also prepared several streams of questions that teachers can present to their students about the tour, 9 are age-appropriate for different grade levels and linked to the geography. A narrated sound file is also available for users who want to take 10 independent trip.
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. a 2. /; the 3. the; a 4. the; the 5. the; the 6. the; a 7. an 8. the 9. a; / 10. /; an 11. a 12. the 13. the (by the piece 按件计算) 14. a; a 15. an 16. The 17. /; / 18. the 19. the 20. a 21. The 22. the 23. a 24. the 25. an
二、语篇填空
1. a 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. a 6. an 7. the 8. the 9. a 10. the
三、语法填空
本文主要介绍了加拿大农业和食品博物馆的虚拟之旅——探索奶牛场。
1. to develop 考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语动词has partnered；develop应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用其动词不定式to develop。
2. national 考查词性转换。修饰名词短语heritage site，应用形容词。
3. their 考查代词。修饰名词afternoon chores(下午的日常事务)应用形容词性物主代词。
4. is designed 考查被动语态。因主语the virtual tour (虚拟之旅)与谓语动词design(设计)之间是被动关系，且根据上下文应用一般现在时，故应填is designed。
5. with 考查介词。表示“用”应用介词with。
6. using 考查非谓语动词。在介词without后应用v-ing，故填using。
7. are 考查主谓一致。There be遵循就近原则，nine slides是复数，且根据上下文应用一般现在时，故用are。
8. points 考查名词单复数。因受three and five修饰，要用复数形式。
9. which 考查连词。引导非限制性定语从句，进一步说明先行词questions是适合不同年级水平的学生的，故填which。
10. an 考查冠词。在以元音音素开头的independent前，且trip是单数，故用an。
