GRE阅读中的排除形式你真的懂吗？

首先，我们要了解什么是排除?

视角或事实在文中通过否定的方式做排除，加强自己的观点、给出新的解释。

比如：“小明学习不好，不是因为他笨，而是因为他不努力。”

句子中排除了小明学习不好的其中一个原因【笨】，其次给出了不同的解释。这种类型，属于排除之后给出新的解释，目的是为了解释句间内部、上下文中的被解释的对象。

再比如：

“s1小明学习不好，是因为他彻夜的玩手机导致他没有精力复习”

 “s2 如果能把时间放在复习上，那么小明也不会每次考试都倒数”

  S2给出了一个虚拟语气，虚拟的条件恰恰和事实相反。因此，通过虚拟语气来排除s1中的【没有精力学习】，同时也通过虚拟假设的方式来加强了【小明彻夜玩手机导致的倒数】。

 

那么有哪些关键词表明句子中出现了排除的逻辑？

常见的有rather than、exclude、not a but b、may not、other than、cannot be、rule out、nothing to do with、either...or、never more than、to…too、rare、little等表示排除逻辑关键词。

 

下面，我们一起看几个原句测试一下你是否掌握了这种形式

 

1. The idea of pristine wilderness is historically inaccurate, argue scholars of Native American history, who have demonstrated that Native Americans shaped their environments with their agricultural practices and residential patterns.

 

2. A critical consensus has emerged that Mary McCarthy will be remembered primarily as an essayist rather than as a novelist.

3. On Newfoundland, population pressure did not result from a steadily growing resident population but, rather, from the arrival and lingering presence of new and significantly different populations

 

4. Southeast-facing nests contain larger egg clutches, a fact that cannot be completely explained by differences in nest stone sizes

我们一起来分析一下这几个句子中出现的排除形式:

1. The idea of pristine wilderness is historically inaccurate, argue scholars of Native American history, who have demonstrated that Native Americans shaped their environments with their agricultural practices and residential patterns.

   第一个句子中，scholars of Native American发出了负面的评价【inaccurate】。这波学者通否定形式排除了pristine wilderness ，之后的句子中，给出了新的解释：“Native Americans”用各种方式改变了环境。那么句子中的重心是？排除之后，给出的新解释。

2.  A critical consensus has emerged that Mary McCarthy will be remembered primarily as an essayist rather than as a novelist.

   看到标志词【rather than】我们要很快的意识到，这是一个排除逻辑的形式。rather than在阅读中高频，意思为“是a，不是b”。所以，句子中视角排除了Mary McCarthy的小说家的身份，并留下了视角认为的散文家的身份，因此在形式上视角加强了自己的观点。

3. On Newfoundland, population pressure did not result from a steadily growing resident population but, rather, from the arrival and lingering presence of new and significantly different populations

   看到了标志词【did not】否定形式的表示排除的关键词。视角排除了人口压力增长来自居民。排除之后给出了自己的解释“from the arrival and lingering presence of new and significantly different populations”。因此，我们关注的焦点是排除之后给出的新解释。

4. Southeast-facing nests contain larger egg clutches, a fact that cannot be completely explained by differences in nest stone sizes

   看到【a fact】表明整句话为事实。同时，看到了【cannot be】表示否定形式的排除。事实在句子排除了一个解释，通过排除自己不认同的信息{completely explained by differences in nest stone sizes}，从而加强自己的认同的信息【Southeast-facing nests contain larger egg clutches,】。

   
   

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