GMAT OG 阅读 Passage1 解析——刘十三
我是刘十三，非机构佛系的GMAT英语匠一枚，虽然利益相关，但是我只喜欢讲干货，不屑于写营销文，放心参考，资料礼貌问就好（文末）
说在最前：
我写的解析参考就行，初衷是希望各位可以得到一些启发，所以不必非要一个思路做题
2.词汇，句子理解不到位等阅读能力问题属于基础问题 ，看思维解析肯定是不够的，老老实实打基础
3.个人始终认为rc追求的是理解文章的基础上才能做题，所以错得多，先问问自己文章或者选项理解到位没有
4.之后新版og跟现行版本，在阅读上只是添加了2篇文章，所以放心参考（即使题号不同，内容也是一样的）
Scientists long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs), were what controlled our circadian rhythms. Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth`s rotation. Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep-promoting agent melatonin. Furthermore , cells in the human retina dedicated to transmitting information about light level to the SCNs have recently been discovered.Four critical genes governing circadian cycles have been found to be active in every tissue, however, not just the SCNs, of flies, mice, and humans. In addition, when laboratory rats that usually ate at will were fed only once a day, peak activity of a clock gene in their livers shifted by 12 hours, whereas the same clock gene in the SCNs remained synchronized with light cycles. While scientists do not dispute the role of the SCNs in controlling core functions such as the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure, scientists now believe that circadian clocks in other organs and tissues may respond to external cues other than light – including temperature changes – that recur regularly every 24 hours.
中文翻译参考：科学家长期以来认为人类下丘脑中的两个神经簇，被称为视交叉上核（SCNs），控制着我们的昼夜节律。这些节律是与地球自转引起的光线和黑暗循环大致每24小时重复一次的生物周期。研究表明，在某些动物中，SCNs控制着血压、体温、活动水平和警觉度的日间波动，以及夜间释放促进睡眠的激素褪黑激素。此外，最近还发现了人类视网膜中专门传递关于光照水平的信息给SCNs的细胞。然而，已经发现了四个关键的控制昼夜节律的基因，在果蝇、小鼠和人类的每个组织中都起作用，而不仅仅是SCNs。此外，当通常随意进食的实验室大鼠只被限制在一天进食一次时，它们肝脏中一个时钟基因的高峰活性会向后推迟12小时，而同样的时钟基因在SCNs中仍然与光照周期同步。虽然科学家并不否认SCNs在控制核心功能如体温和血压调节方面的作用，但他们现在相信其他器官和组织中的昼夜节律钟可能会对除光线之外的其他外部刺激作出反应，包括每24小时定期发生的温度变化。
【原文结构】P1：过去科学家：1）SCNs控制生物周期2）地球旋转-光照-生物周期研究：1）SCNs控制着血压、体温、活动和警觉性,以及褪黑素P2：研究发现：1）然而,在 苍蝇、老鼠和人类的每个组织中(不仅仅是SCNs)发现了能够调节节律的四种关键基因2）当通常随意吃的老鼠变成每天只吃一次时,肝脏中的时钟基因的峰值会在12小时内发生变化,而在SCNs中相同的时钟基因则不变科学家：不否定SCNs在控制核心功能上的作用,但其他器官和组织的生物钟可能响应光线以外的其他每24小时定期复发的外部诱因(包括温度变化)
503.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A challenge recent findings that appear to contradict earlier findings
B present two sides of an ongoing scientific debate
C report answers to several questions that have long puzzled researchers
D discuss evidence that ;has caused a longstanding belief to be revise
E attempt to explain a commonly misunderstood biological phenomenon
【思路点拨】答案D:discuss evidence that has caused a longstanding belief to be revised 讨论了一个证据，该证据修正了科学家长期以来的想法
文章P1第一句：Scientiste long believed that…..........说明长期相信一个观点并在P1进行阐述P2最后一句：now believe….说明是驳斥了P1的观点，提出新观点
错误选项：
A.文章重点不是挑战findings， 而是反驳之前的观点
B.文章重点不是描述辩论双方， 而是反驳之前的观点
C.文章重点不是解决问题， 而是反驳之前的观点
E.文章重点不是解释什么误解，而是反驳之前的观点
PS:新旧观点型的对比的文章，通常要么一段式的文章（中间出现态度转变），要么多段（某一个段落就开始态度转变）
504.The passage mentions each of the following as a function regulated by SCNs in some animals
EXCEPT
A activity level
B blood pressure
C alertness
D vision
E temperature
【思路点拨】原文提到了在一些动物中,SCNs调节的以下功能, 除了: 定位内容Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep-promoting agent melatonin.
答案D:vision定位处未提及视力错误选项：错误选项都是在并列句中出现过的没难度 否定信息题，选项都是单词or词组的时候，定位大多是并列句
505.The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statement about the SCNs ?
A The SCNs are found in other organs and tissues of the body besides the hypothalamus.
B The SCNs play a critical but not exclusive role in regulating circadian rhythms.
C The SCNs control clock genes in a number of tissues and organs throughout the body.
D The SCNs are a less significant factor in regulating blood pressure than scientists once believed.
E The SCNs are less strongly affected by changes in light levels than they are by other external cues.
本文作者将很可能赞同以下哪个关于SCNs的选项?
【思路点拨】
定位内容Four critical genes governing circadian cycles have been found to be active in every tissue, however, not just the SCNs, of flies, mice, and humans. While scientists do not dispute the role of the SCNs..., scientists now believe that ...
答案B：SCNs在调节生物周期节律上起到了非常关键但并不唯一的作用。正确
错误选项：
A SCNs可以在除下丘脑以外的其他器官和组织中发现。 无关比较
C SCNs控制全身一些组织和器官中的生物钟基因。定位考点未提及
D SCNs在调节血压上的作用，比科学家曾经以为的小。定位考点未提及
E SCNs受到光线水平改变的影响程度低于它们受到其他外部诱因的影响程度。无关比较
阅读能力提升：
关于资料分享：我精心整理的备考资料获取形式：
礼貌问就好，我是个希望时间花得有价值的人，是对我花费的时间的最好的肯定就是来个三连，我也会超级乐意无偿分享资料的。
