Renewal-Zone：赫尔夫什丁城堡更新重建︱捷克历史遗迹的飞跃
高耸于摩拉维亚门山谷上的赫尔夫什丁城堡建于14世纪，是捷克境内仅次于布拉格城堡的第二大建筑群。这座文艺复兴时期的宫殿遗址在2014年因砖石倒塌、遗迹退化等严重安全隐患而被迫关闭。
作为城堡的所有方，奥洛穆茨地区的基本诉求是对宫殿进行翻新并建造新的屋顶。国家遗产研究院坚持保留建筑的遗迹状态，仅建造部分高度不超出外墙的屋顶。
该项目的规划相当独特。基于无人机拍摄的数千张照片打造的3D模型，让建筑师得以绘制所有类型的灰泥和砖石修改方案。
建筑师渴望超越技术范畴来完成项目的重建，致力于用当代建筑为历史建筑提供补充，同时兼顾对实用性和美学魅力的兼顾。
为了给游客提供沉浸在这座原汁原味的文艺复兴时期宫殿历史中的体验，建筑师在遗迹原有的空置区域植入新的观光路线，将地面层与宫殿新近开放的高处层连接起来。
在历史建筑中，新加入的当代元素清晰可辨。建筑师采用了三种基础材料，并为建筑的每一层使用一种材料：屋顶层由钢梁和玻璃构成，楼梯和人行桥采用耐候钢，一层的道路则选择了抛光混凝土。
平坦的玻璃屋顶被植入遗迹的墙壁之间。广袤的天空是确定屋顶材料的主要灵感来源。玻璃为宫殿内部提供了完美的自然光线。之所以选用磨砂玻璃是由于其易于维护，呈现的平和的散射光与宫殿内的展览相得益彰。教堂部分则采用透明的玻璃屋顶，毫不夸张地象征着天堂。
建筑师只为五个选定的空间安装了屋顶。耐候钢人行桥成为了楼梯的屋顶。一些特意留白的空间烘托出令人印象深刻的废墟感，并鼓励游客仰望天空。
曾经的屋顶如今已成为新的观光路线。由于屋顶距离原宫殿的建筑细节如此之近，并与墙顶同高，公众们得以感受到景致的历史魅力和周边地区纯粹的景观视野。
选择一种耐久的材料至关重要。耐候钢是一种经过耐腐蚀处理的特殊铁合金，与悠久的古墙壁纹理相匹配，而赫尔夫什丁城堡的铁艺传统非常闻名，对耐候钢的选择非常有意义。
宫殿底层的特定区域铺设了清水混凝土板作为平台和人行道网络。混凝土路面边缘由极其笔直的耐候钢型材饰边。人行道和墙壁之间的缝隙被碎石填满，凹凸不平的纹理和线条被连接起来。
立足于对历史建筑的尊重，改造理念致力于保护城堡的真实性。这条别具一格的观光路线有助于人们了解建筑历史，从城堡上层（过去的屋顶）的人行桥上欣赏如画美景。当代建筑与历史建筑并不冲突，而是组成一个有凝聚力的集合，所有的新旧元素在此和谐共存。
Atelier-r由建筑师Miroslav Pospisil创立，拥有20 年的发展历程，是奥洛穆茨地区顶尖的建筑师事务所之一。事务所一直致力于打造高品质的当代建筑和都市环境，注重建筑的功能及其对周围环境的影响，在更新改造以及各种尺度的定制住宅、商业和机构空间方面的作品广受认可。团队紧密合作，始终专注于每一个设计阶段，贯穿建筑研究、设计建造文件直至工程监理，以确保设计意图得以实现。
Atelier-r 荣获了2021年度捷克建筑奖的主要奖项、2021年度Dezeen的更新类项目大奖、2021年度捷克建筑奖，并凭借Helfštýn城堡宫殿改造项目在2020年度捷克室内大奖中斩获公共室内II类别奖项；作品Vista Optik在2018年建筑师大奖中荣获重要奖项，而斯洛文体育馆荣获了2013 年捷克建筑师大奖的荣誉奖。在奥洛穆茨每年一度的区域竞赛中，Atelier-r频获认可。
Rising high above the Moravian Gate valley, Helfštýn Castle is the second largest complex in the Czech Republic right after Prague Castle. Helfštýn was established in the 14th century. In 2014 the Renaissance palace ruins had to close down due to the severe safety hazards such as falling masonry and remains degradation.
The primary requirement of the castle owner; Olomouc Region, was to renovate the palace along with the construction of a new roof. The National Heritage Institute insisted on the preservation of the building in the state of a ruin. The roof was allowed only partially, and it could only go as high as the level of the peripheral walls.
The project planning was rather unique. The 3D model based on thousands of photographs from a drone allowed us to map all the types of plaster and masonry modifications.
We aspired to go beyond the technical reconstruction assignment. We strived to compliment the historical building with the contemporary architecture that would focus on both practical use as well as gaining an aesthetic appeal.
In order to immerse the visitors in the historical development of the original renaissance palace we inserted new sightseeing routes into the already existing gaps in the ruins, connecting the ground floor with the newly accessible higher levels of the palace.
Newly added contemporary elements are clearly recognizable in the historical construction. We worked with three basic materials, one for each level of the building. The roofing is made of glass on steel beams, the staircases and footbridges have been made of corten steel and the ground floor paths are made of polished concrete.
The flat glass roofs have been inserted in between the walls of the ruins. The wide-open sky was the key inspiration when choosing the material for the roof. Using glass provides perfect day light conditions to the interior of the palace. We have chosen to work with the sanded glass for a couple of reasons. It is easy on the maintenance and the flat dispersed light compliments the exhibitions inside the palace. The chapel roof was an exception. The clear glass roof symbolizes heaven quite literally.
We have put a roof on five chosen chambers only. The corten footbridges serve as a roof for the staircases. We intentionally left out some of the spaces in order to enhance the spirit of the impressive ruins and encourage the visitors to look up to the sky.
What once used to be a roof has now become the new sightseeing route. Being this close to the construction details of the original palace and as high as the top of the walls allows the public to admire the historical significance of the sight and the sheer views of the surrounding region.
It was crucial to choose a material that would be timeless. Corten is a special iron alloy that undergoes a corrosion, matures and matches the texture of the old historical walls. Moreover, Helfštýn Castle is well-renowned for its iron craftsmanship tradition, therefore it made a perfect sense to choose corten to work with.
Polished fair-face concrete boards were laid down into specific areas on the ground floor of the palace to form a network of platforms and pavements. The concrete pavement edges have been finished by rigorously straight Corten profiles. The gaps between the pavements and the walls have been filled with gravel, which ties together the uneven textures and lines.
Our concept is based on the respect towards the historical building and it pursues a major effort to preserve the castle's authentic character. The palace gained an attractive sightseeing route that allows the visitors to learn about the building history and enjoy the picturesque views from the footbridges on the upper levels of the castle what once used to be a roof. The contemporary architecture does not compete with the historical building, rather it creates a cohesive unit in which all the elements, old and new go hand in hand.
Atelier-r is one of the leading Olomouc based architecture studios, found by architect Miroslav Pospisil. The collective has been striving for top quality contemporary architecture and urbanism with the primary focus on the purpose of the building and the impact on its surroundings. The studio is recognized for the reconstructions as well as designing bespoke residential, commercial and institutional spaces of any size. The closely-knit team has always been keen on all the design stages, from the architectural study, through completion of all the documentation to the building supervision to ensure the intended design is well executed.
Atelier-r has been awarded Czech Architect Grand Prix 2018 for the Vista Optik building and it received honorable mention in Czech Architect Grand Prix 2013 for the Slovan Gymnazium. The studio also frequently gets recognition in the annual Olomouc Region competitions.
Project: Reconstruction and Renovation of Helfštýn Castle Palace
Studio: atelier-r
Author: Miroslav Pospíšil, principal architect
Website: www.atelier-r.cz
Co-author: Martin Karlík, principal project manager
Project location: Helfštýn by Týn nad Bečvou
Project country: Czech Republic
Project year: 2015-2016
Completion year: 2020
Built-up Area: 1370 m²
Gross Floor Area: 3000 m²
Usable Floor Area: 1340 m²
Plot size: 2050 m²
Client: Olomouc Region
Photographer: BoysPlayNice︱www.boysplaynice.com
Collaborator:
Design team: Robert Randys, Lucie Rohelová, Adéla Tomečková, Milena Koblihová, Daria Johanesová / atelier-r
Structural stability of historical constructions: Ladislav Klusáček, www.fce.vutbr.cz
Structural stability of newly inserted constructions: Jan Lukáš, www.lostade.cz
Rehabilitation of the damp parts of historical walls: Pavel Fára, www.cubus.cz
Contractors: HOCHTIEF CZ and ARCHATT PAMÁTKY
Steel and corten construction: Zámečnictví Sloupský
Glass construction: Bubeník 1913
Concrete floors: AAP hranice
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