【TED演讲稿】为全球气候正义而制定的新型社会契约

TED演讲者：Huma Yusuf / 休马·尤瑟夫

演讲标题：A new social contract for global climate justice / 为全球气候正义而制定的新型社会契约

内容概要：Pakistan contributes less than one percent to the global greenhouse gas emissions perpetrating climate change, yet one-third of the country was recently inundated with "biblical" floods that killed hundreds and displaced millions. If we're to move towards a sustainable future in the wake of such tragedies, the response will require more than just infrastructure repairs and a return to the status quo, says columnist Huma Yusuf. She shares a vision for global climate diplomacy where the countries responsible for pollution pay reparations for the damage they've caused, while developing countries bring forward a clean, green future. (Followed by a Q&A with TED Global Curator Bruno Giussani)

巴基斯坦在全球碳排放份额中仅仅占据不到 1%，然而这个国家 1/3 的国土最近被“圣经级别的”大洪水淹没。数百人失去生命。数百人万流离失所。 专栏作家休马·尤瑟夫 (Huma Yusuf) 说，如果我们想要去到悲剧后的可持续未来，那么我们要做的就不仅仅是基础建设的修复和将一切恢复原状。 休马设想了一种全球气候外交的愿景，发达国家应该为他们造成的污染以及带来的损失进行赔偿。而发展中国家也要提出更清洁、更绿色未来的想法。 演讲后是休马与TED全球策展人布鲁诺·朱萨尼 (Bruno Giussani) 进行的问答环节。

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【1】One third of my country, Pakistan, is under water.

我的祖国,巴基斯坦, 有三分之一的国土正泡在水里。

【2】An exceptional monsoon coupled with flash flooding due to the accelerated melting of the Himalayan glaciers has led to devastating flooding.

超强季风伴随着 喜马拉雅冰川加速融化 所带来的山洪爆发 导致了毁灭性的洪水灾害。

【3】Floods so destructive, so all-consuming, that the adjective most frequently used to describe them is “biblical.”

洪水破坏力巨大,气吞山河, 现在最常用来形容这场洪水的 形容词是“圣经级别的” (biblical)。

【4】The area of land that is underwater is larger than Britain.

泡在水里的土地面积比 英国的国土面积还要大。

【5】Over 33 million people are affected, stripped of homes and livelihoods.

已有超过 3300 万人受到影响, 失去了家园与生计。

【6】Hundreds have been killed, and those that survived are now dying of malaria, dengue fever, diarrhea.

数百人丧生, 那些幸存者因为疟疾、 登革热以及痢疾而命悬一线。

【7】The crops that we planted have been washed away, and our fields will be waterlogged for many months to come, imperiling the critical wheat-planting season.

我们种植的农作物被冲走了, 未来数月,土地会充满积水, 严重威胁着 至关重要的小麦种植季节。

【8】Pakistan is in shock, and all it can look ahead to is food insecurity, famine, climate migration and conflict.

巴基斯坦备受冲击, 接下来估计还会有以下问题: 粮食危机、饥荒、 气候迁徙以及冲突。

【9】Pakistan needs tens of billions in emergency relief funds, and it needs them right now.

巴基斯坦需要 数百亿的紧急救济资金, 现在就需要。

【10】But I'm not here to talk about today's crisis.

但我今天不是来讨论这些危机的。

【11】I'm here to talk about the way forward.

我是来讨论今后的道路的。

【12】As the scale of devastation becomes apparent, the sense of climate injustice is mounting.

这次大洪水的破坏规模 显而易见, 气候不公正的情况 也愈加明显。

【13】Pakistan emits less than one percent of global greenhouse gases, and yet it is consistently among the countries most vulnerable to disasters caused by climate change.

巴基斯坦在全球碳排放份额中 仅仅占据不到 1%, 却始终是受到气候变化影响 最为显着的脆弱国家之一。

【14】That vulnerability has been horrifyingly laid bare over the last few months.

过去几个月,这种脆弱已经 骇人听闻地暴露无疑。

【15】Calls are growing for the global North to compensate the global South for the fact that high-emitting activities in developed economies are leading to catastrophic climate change-linked events in less developed countries.

要求发达国家对发展中国家 进行补偿的呼声越来越大, 发达经济体的高碳排放活动正在导致 灾难性气候变化相关事件 发生在相对不发达的国家。

【16】Since the Industrial Revolution, today's wealthy nations have benefited economically from high-emitting activities.

自工业革命以来, 如今的富裕国家 均从高碳排放活动中获得了经济利益。

【17】The G20 are still responsible for 80 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

二十国集团 (G20) 的排放量依旧 占全球温室气体排放量的 80%。

【18】The logic is simple: industrialized nations that have profited from fossil-fuel-driven development should be the ones to pay the bill when climate disasters strike poor countries such as mine.

这个逻辑很简单: 受益于化石燃料发展的工业化国家 应该为巴基斯坦这样的贫穷国家 所遭受的气候灾害买单。

【19】This idea is not new, nor is it particularly controversial.

这种想法既不新鲜, 也没有颇具争议。

【20】In 2009, developed countries promised to mobilize billions in climate finance to support emerging economies.

2009 年, 发达国家承诺筹措上千亿气候融资 来支持新兴经济体。

【21】That funding has not materialized.

这笔资金尚未得到兑现。

【22】And so the demands for reparations have.

同样落空的还有气候赔偿。

【23】But let's be clear.

不过我们要说清楚。

【24】Developing countries are not asking for charity.

发展中国家并不是在要求慈善捐款。

【25】Having polluted only marginally, they are climate creditors, and that credit is now due.

发展中国家 只制造了微不足道的污染, 但它们才是牺牲了自己气候权益的 债主,而还债的期限到了。

【26】As I said, the logic is simple.

正如我所说,逻辑很简单。

【27】But the politics are complicated.

但是政治很复杂。

【28】Developing countries have not consistently demanded reparations for climate change-linked loss and damage.

发展中国家并未一致对外地 对气候问题所造成的损失要求赔偿。

【29】Many countries in the Global South, led by India and China, subscribe to the “catch up” argument: the notion that developing countries should now be allowed their share of pollutants and greenhouse gases in order to build infrastructure and spur economic growth.

以印度和中国为主的 很多发展中国家 选择的立场是“追赶”: 意思是发展中国家 现在应被允许他们自己的 污染物与温室气体排放份额, 来进行基础设施建设和 促进经济发展。

【30】This reasoning envisions the West curtailing emissions and bearing the financial cost of the economic slowdown, while developing countries continue to emit, build and grow.

这个推论设想的是 西方国家会减少碳排放, 并承受经济放缓所带来的损失, 而发展中国家会继续 排放,建设,增长。

【31】It's a way of saying, "Hey, it's our turn."

这是“嘿,轮到我们了。”的说法。

【32】This "catch up" argument is compelling, but it does not speak the language of reparations.

这种“追赶”理论很有说服力, 但是它所说的不是赔偿。

【33】Climate justice is based on the notion of not being punished for someone else's bad behavior.

气候正义是基于 不为其他人的不良行为买单。

【34】It does not sanction more bad behavior.

它不应该批准更多的恶劣行为。

【35】You cannot both demand reparations and the right to emit.

你不能既提出赔偿的诉求 又要求排放的权利。

【36】But many developing countries have yet to engage in climate diplomacy, a process of reconciling the demand for reparations with existing security and foreign policies.

但是很多发展中国家还没有参与到 这场气候外交当中, 这是一个用现有的安全与外交政策来 协调赔偿诉求的过程。

【37】And so you'll see cases where some government departments are demanding climate justice, while others are seeking foreign funding for coal and gas projects or pursuing defense deals with high-emitting nations.

你将会看到有些政府部门 在要求气候正义, 而另外一些在寻求外国资金 来发展煤炭燃气项目 或者努力促进 与高碳排放国家的防御协议。

【38】It is difficult to have it both ways.

两者兼得是很难的。

【39】And that's why demanding reparations also means bringing forward a clean, green vision -- one which includes leapfrogging the high emitting stage of economic development into a more sustainable future.

这就是为什么要求赔偿其实等同于 提出了一个清洁、绿色的愿景—— 从经济发展的高排放阶段 跨越到一个更加可持续的未来。

【40】For countries like mine, that means no more poorly planned expressways or elite real estate developments dotted with swimming pools or golf courses in drought-hit areas.

对于像巴基斯坦这样的国家, 这意味着不再有 规划混乱的高速公路, 带泳池的奢华房地产开发项目, 或是在受旱灾影响的地区 开设高尔夫课程。

【41】Because sadly, it is true that the scale of devastation in Pakistan, and in climate calamities elsewhere, is not just the result of climate change but also a consequence of poor governance, of inadequate planning, the lack of infrastructure, corruption and the lack of accountability.

因为,令人遗憾的是, 巴基斯坦所遭受的大规模破坏 以及其他地方的气候灾害, 并不只是由气候变化造成的, 其它原因包括治理不善、规划不当、 缺乏基础设施、腐败 以及缺乏责任追究制度。

【42】This is something the Global South must acknowledge.

这是发展中国家必须要承认的事。

【43】But this is absolutely not to place the onus back on climate vulnerable developing countries.

但是这绝不是要将责任推向 受气候变化影响严重的 脆弱的发展中国家。

【44】No.

绝不是。

【45】Instead, it is to say that the time has come for the global North and South to agree [on] the terms of a just transition.

相反地,它是在说 发达国家与发展中国家 就公平转型条款 达成一致的时候到了。

【46】Are we ready for a new social contract within countries and between countries?

我们准备好在国家内部以及国家之间 实行新型社会契约了吗？

【47】One way forward is to adopt a more expansive definition of reparations.

一条出路是对气候赔偿 进行更广泛的定义。

【48】This should take the form of funding for emergency relief, loss and damage, but it should also include technical assistance, adaptation planning and the skills development needed to tackle the climate challenge.

赔偿形式应该包括 紧急救济资金,损失损坏赔款, 还应该包括技术援助,适应性规划 以及对抗气候挑战所需的技能开发。

【49】Developed countries should provide funding, but they should also provide access to the green technologies that can help countries such as Pakistan catch up, but without the high emissions.

发达国家应该提供资金, 还应该提供绿色科技的技术支持, 帮助像巴基斯坦这样的国家在不进行 高碳排放的情况下,技术也可以赶上。

【50】Pakistan is drowning, and its people are desperate.

巴基斯坦正在被淹没, 它的人民非常绝望。

【51】Their present is your future.

他们的现在就是你们的未来。

【52】We need a new era of climate diplomacy, and we need a new recognition that we are in this together.

我们需要一个气候外交的新时代, 我们需要所有人的认同并加入进来。

【53】We can adapt, mitigate, build resilience, but only if we do it together.

我们能够适应,迁移, 增强防御和复原能力, 但前提是我们所有人 都要一起加入。

【54】The logic of climate justice is simple.

气候正义的逻辑很简单。

【55】Let's make the politics simpler to.

让我们将政治也变得简单。

【56】Thank you.

谢谢。

【57】(Applause and cheers) Bruno Giussani: Huma, thank you.

（掌声与欢呼声） 布鲁诺·朱萨尼 (Bruno Giussani): 休马 (Huma),谢谢你。

【58】So when introduced you, I said that the floods have not received enough attention in the global media.

介绍你时, 我说过大洪水并没有在全球媒体 受到足够的关注。

【59】But how are the Pakistani media talking and reporting about them?

巴基斯坦媒体是怎样 讨论以及报道的？

【60】Huma Yusuf: Thank you for that question.

休马·尤瑟夫 (Huma Yusuf): 谢谢提问。

【61】You know, we’re just a month into the declaration of a national emergency, and the floods are already slipping out of the news headlines in Pakistan.

距离我们宣布全国进入紧急状态 仅仅过去了一个月, 洪水的话题已经开始不再是 巴基斯坦的新闻头条。

【62】I think we're really suffering from the fact that the 24-hour news cycle does not know how to tell this story, a story so big, a story that requires you to connect the dots to every other story you will ever tell, whether we're talking about food, the economy, insecurity, domestic militancy.

我们面临的困难是 我们的 24 小时滚动新闻 并不知道应该怎样去讲这个故事。 这个故事太大了, 它需要你将现有的内容与 之后要讲的故事都串联起来, 无论是谈论食物、经济、保障问题, 还是国家的激进战斗情绪。

【63】There is no story that can be told without also telling this story.

不先讲好洪水的新闻, 其他故事都没法进行下去。

【64】But unfortunately, I don’t think we have that media literacy, and the floods are already receding out of our own headlines.

然而不幸的是,我觉得 我们并不具备足够的媒体素养, 洪水的头条新闻已经开始 逐渐消失在我们自己的视野里。

【65】So what can we expect from the international press?

那我们还能在国际媒体那里 期待些什么呢？

【66】BG: Well, is aid already coming, at least?

布鲁诺:至少援助已经在路上了？

【67】HY: Aid is coming, but not enough and not fast enough.

休马:援助正在路上, 但是不够多也不够快。

【68】And, you know, Pakistan has said that they need about 30 billion dollars to help with the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.

巴基斯坦说过需要 300 亿美金 来进行修复与重建。

【69】And we're at a stage where, for example, I think the UN tomorrow launches a new appeal that's for 600 million dollars.

目前的情况,比如说, 我认为联合国明天 会发布一个新的募捐呼吁, 金额是 6 亿美金。

【70】So I don’t think that there will ever be enough aid.

所以我觉得不会有足够的援助。

【71】We do need some of these reparations.

我们需要气候赔偿。

【72】We need a better plan for how we're going to fund these kinds of climate disasters.

我们需要一个更好的计划, 在面对此类气候灾难时, 可以更好地筹措应对资金。

【73】But unfortunately, even before the money has started flowing, those questions have started.

令人遗憾的是,资金还没到账呢, 有些问题也开始了。

【74】You know, where's the money that's already come through gone?

那些已经到账的资金 到底都去了哪里？

【75】Who is tracking it? What is it being spent on?

谁在追踪记录这些款项？ 钱都被花在了哪里？

【76】And I fear that those kinds of questions deter more funding, when actually it's the absolute need of the hour.

我担忧此类问题会阻碍我们获取更多 已是眼下当务之急的援助资金。

【77】BG: Now, I want just to put an image in the mind of people here.

布鲁诺:现在,我想为在座的各位 讲述一个画面。

【78】One of our conversations, you told me a story about people in flooded areas going around in small boats and hitting structures under water.

我们谈话提到的, 你给我讲了一个故事, 洪涝地区的人们 坐着小船漂着, 船会撞到水下的各种建筑物。

【79】Tell us about that.

给大家讲讲。

【80】HY: Yes, you saw the pictures that I started with.

休马:是的, 我一开始也看到了这些照片。

【81】And I’ve been seeing those, and I haven’t visited myself the most badly affected areas.

我最近一直看到这些照片。 我还没去到灾害最严重的地区。

【82】And it was only when I received a video from a friend of mine who was out there reporting in the field, which showed her on a boat going through what I thought was a lake, and then they start bumping up against things --

我的一位朋友将视频发给我, 她去到洪涝地区进行报道。 视频里她坐着小船, 我原本以为她是漂在湖里, 然后他们开始撞到东西,船只颠簸,

【83】and you realize that it’s the top of electricity pylons, and it's the top of school buildings and it's the top of petrol stations with the little, you know, advertising symbol -- that I really understood that my country is submerged.

我才意识到撞到的是输电塔顶部, 是学校大楼的顶部, 是加油站的顶部, 还有广告牌—— 我深深地理解了, 我的祖国被淹没了。

【84】It is truly underwater.

真真切切地淹没在水里了。

【85】And I don't know how you come back from that.

我不知道怎样 才能从这一切中恢复过来。

【86】BG: Thank you for sharing this story and thank you for your talk.

布鲁诺:感谢你分享这个故事。 谢谢你的演讲。

【87】HY: Thank you for having me.

休马:谢谢你的邀请。

【88】(Applause)