Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies*

 ·单词

mutilate v.    使残缺不全

    ·He was mutilated in a car accident and lost one arm.    他在一次车祸中致残，失去了一只胳膊

    ·The painting has been mutilated by a boy.    这幅画被一个男孩弄坏了

    ·类似词汇：maim vt.    使残废

        ·One man has lost his life; another has been maimed.    一个人失去了生命;另一人致残

    ·类似词汇：paralyze vt.    使麻痹；使瘫痪

        ·The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down.    那次事故使他腰部以下瘫痪

    ·类似词汇：cripple v.    使残疾，使成为跛子

    ·类似词汇：disable v.    使丧失能力，使伤残

        ·the disabled n.    残疾人

        ·the handicapped n.    残疾人

        ·the physically challenged    残疾人士

        ·the mentally challenged    智障人士

        ·the horizontally challenged    肥胖症患者

        ·the vertically challenged    侏儒症患者

chew v.    咀嚼

    ·Here, take this pill, and don’t chew it.    给，把这药丸吃下去，不要嚼

        ·Swallow this tablet.    吞下这片药片

    ·与之有关的单词

        ·bite v.    咬

            ·bite off more than one can chew.    尝试做太多事情，承担或尝试超出自己能力范围的事情。没有金刚钻，别揽瓷器活

        ·swallow v.    吞下；n.    燕子

        ·gobble v.    狼吞虎咽，大口吞食

        ·devour v.    狼吞虎咽地吃；如饥似渴地阅读，热切地看

            ·Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.    只有两只流浪狗从这场混乱中受益，因为它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕

        ·nibble v.    啃，小口咬；反复轻咬

            ·Eagles catch snakes that gobble toads that swallow insects that nibble green leaves.    老鹰抓蛇，蛇吃蟾蜍，蟾蜍吃昆虫，昆虫啃绿叶

fiancé n.    未婚夫 (法语)

    ·fiancée n.    未婚妻 (法语)

    ·husband-to-be    未婚夫

    ·bride-to-be    准新娘

    ·groom/bridegroom n.    新郎

    ·bride n.    新娘

    ·bridesmaid n.    女傧相

    ·maid of honor n.    伴娘

    ·groomsman    男傧相

    ·best man    新郎伴郎

    ·newlyweds n.    新婚夫妇    

    ·happy couple    幸福的一对：指一对相亲相爱、生活幸福的恋人或夫妻

        ·Armed with the right tools and materials newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.    新婚夫妇带着合适的工具和材料，高高兴兴地开始装饰他们自己的家

microwave n.    微波，微波炉

oven n.    炉灶 (没有明火的)

    ·microwave oven    微波炉

    ·stove n.    （取暖或烹饪用的）炉子，火炉

    ·gas cooker    燃气灶

    ·fireplace n.    壁炉

    ·furnace n.    火炉，熔炉

safekeeping n.    妥善保管

Newcastle n.    纽卡斯尔(英国港市)

identify v.    鉴定，识别

spokeswoman n.    女发言人

    ·spokesman    男发言人

    ·spokesperson    发言人

    ·chairman    男主席

    ·chairwoman    女主席

    ·chairperson    主席

        ·W: The dean just announced that Dr. Jeffries is going to take over as Chairperson of the English Dept.    院长刚刚宣布杰弗里斯博士将接任英语系主任一职

        ·M: I knew it all along. He was the obvious choice.    我一直都知道。他是显而易见的人选

            ·all along    自始至终，一直

·课文讲解

    Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!

    A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had a very good day and put his wallet containing £ 3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash! John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. 'So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid £ 1.5m on 21,000 claims.'

*Damaged bank notes. The Queen’s head appears on English bank notes, and 'lady' refers to this.

Has it ever happened to you? 

    ·happen to do    碰巧做某事

    ·sth. happen to sb.    某事情发生在某人身上

        ·可替换为：come up

        ·Has it ever come up to you? 

    ·sth. occur to sb.    某人想到了某事

        ·A car accident happened to him.    一场车祸发生在他身上

        ·A good idea occurred to me.    我想到了一个好主意

Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?

    ·remember/recall/recollect sth.    回忆起某事

        ·We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spyglass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?    我们也许可以原谅那些说木星的卫星是由伽利略的望远镜产生的人，如果我们回想一下，在他那个时代，就像几个世纪以前一样，曲面玻璃是一种流行的发明，它产生的不是真理，而是错觉，不是真理;如果一块弯曲的玻璃会扭曲自然，那么一对弯曲的玻璃又会扭曲多少呢?

        ·She could no longer recollect the details of the letter.    她再也想不起那封信的细节了

        ·remind sb. of sth.    使某人回忆起某事         

            ·As its composition and line reminded him of an ltalian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it.    由于这幅画的构图和线条让他想起了一幅他熟悉的意大利画，他决定买下它

    ·bank note/banknote/note    钞票 (英)

        ·bill n.    钞票 (美)；（商品、服务或餐馆的）账单

            ·a fake/counterfeit $20 bill    一张20美元的假钞

        ·coin n.    硬币

        ·change n.    零钱 (不可数)

            ·I carry no change on me.    我没带零钱

When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?

    ·rescue/save v.    营救，援救

        ·When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuiney sorry that they had to leave.    五天后，当一艘路过的油轮把他们救起时，两人都对不得不离开感到由衷的遗憾

        ·Vince is a fireman.    Wow! Have you ever rescued anyone from a burning building before?    文斯是个消防员。哇!你以前从着火的大楼里救过人吗?

        ·come/go to one's rescue    去援救某人

            ·When John was in trouble, everyone went to his rescue.    当约翰遇到麻烦时，每个人都去救他

        ·pick up sb.    去接某人/用飞机轮船解救某人

            ·The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.    “安托瓦内特”号一直漂浮在水面上，直到莱瑟姆被一艘船救起

        ·salvage ... from ...    救助 … 从 …

            ·He tried desperately to salvage belongings from the burning house.    

他拼命地从着火的房子里抢救财物

            ·The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.    埃尔科号的船长命令他的船员尽可能多地从沉船中打捞

        ·savior/saviour n.    救世主；救星；救助者；救命恩人

            ·a knight in shining arrmor    穿着闪亮盔甲的骑士；大救星，救命恩人

                ·I don't know who you are, Nick. You just magically show up like some knight in shining armor, ready to save the day...

                    ·save the day    力挽狂澜

    ·whiter than white    这是英国有关洗衣粉的电视广告中常用的一句话。这里的意思是纸币上的字迹、图案均被洗掉了,可以译为“比白纸还白”。

People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)!

    ·despair of sb.    对某人绝望了    

    ·despair of (doing) sth.    对做某事绝望了

        ·The teachers began to despair of him.    老师们开始对他失望了

        ·Mike despaired of ever seeing her again.    迈克对再见到她感到绝望

    ·in despair    绝望地 (做某事)

        ·He killed himself in despair.    他绝望地自杀了

        ·I gave up in despair.    我绝望地放弃了

        ·I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.    第二天早上我起得很早，希望发现蚂蚁已经绝望地放弃了

        ·With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.    有了这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出一块希望之石

            ·正常语序：With this faith, we will be able to hew a stone of hope out of the mountain of despair.      句末中心，把重要的东西放在句首和句尾

    ·and a lot of people do 完整的：and a lot of people despair when they make mistakes like this

Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.

    ·deal with ...    处理，应付某事

        ·W: I had to deal with so many courses last term that I really had a hard time.    上学期我必须处理这么多的课程，以至于我真的很辛苦

        ·M: I told you it would be better for you it you took fewer courses during the first semester.    我告诉过你，如果你在第一学期少选一些课程会更好

            ·take    学习，读，修（课程）

                ·She is planning to take a computer course.    她打算修一门计算机课

        ·attend to ...    照料，处理：照料、关注或处理某事物或某人

            ·You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc.    你赶紧挂上电话，去照顾孩子、陶器等

        ·see to ...    应付，处理

            ·Don't worr about it. I'll see to it later.    别担心。我稍后会处理的

        ·handle ... v.    处理，应付

            ·Molly, I need your special talent for handling special matters.    莫莉，我需要你处理特殊事情的特殊才能

        ·tackle ... v.    应付，解决（难题或局面）

            ·Many schools are now trying to tackle the problem of drug abuse.    许多学校正在努力解决滥用毒品的问题

        ·cope with ...    应对；处理

            ·a seminar on 'coping with stress in the workplace'    “应对职场压力”研讨会

    ·feed sth. to sb. = feed sb. on sth.     把某物喂给某人

        ·I fed raw meat to the dog. = I fed the dog on raw meat.    我用生肉喂狗

        ·Well-fed, well-bred.    吃得饱，懂礼貌。“仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱”，俗语，出自《管子·牧民》

        ·feed v.    把……放进机器，将……塞进机器

            ·She fed two coins into the machine for a cup of coffee.    她往机器里投了两个硬币买了一杯咖啡。

        ·zeugma 轭式修辞：一个动词与多个名词搭配，表示不同的含意

            ·Clothes that fit the man and the times.    即合体，又时尚的服装

                ·fit v.    适合，合身；适应

                ·fit the man    合身的，合体

                ·fit the times    适应时代的，时尚

            ·You're free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit.    你可以自由地执行你的法律，和处死你的公民，只要你认为合适

                ·execute v.    执行，实施；处决

                ·execute your laws    执行你的法律

                ·execute your citizens    处死你的公民

Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!

    ·另一种语序：It seems that dogs love to chew up money.    看来，狗很喜欢咀嚼钱成糊状

        ·把原来的主谓结构变成插入语，从句升级成主句，突出重点，因为本句的重点是狗
        ·Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends?    你可能会奇怪，为什么蜘蛛会是我们的朋友呢

    ·练习改写：Many of us believe that economic development is of paramount importance to China.    我们许多人认为，经济发展对中国至关重要

        ·Economic development, many of us believe, is of paramount importance to China.

A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.

    ·concern ... v.    涉及，与 … 相关 (更书面语)

        ·be about ...    关于 ...

        ·To whom it may concern,    信的开头，意思为：致有关人士

        ·One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.    其中一个案例涉及一名11岁的女学生维拉·佩特洛娃(Vera Petrova)，她的视力正常，但她也可以用皮肤的不同部位感知事物，甚至可以看穿坚固的墙壁

    ·be concerned with ...    涉及，与 … 相关 (可以和 concern 相互替换)

        ·The book concerns music.    这本书是关于音乐的

        ·The book is concerned with music.    这本书是关于音乐的

        ·a book concerning music    一本关于音乐的书。    concerning prep.    关于，涉及，也可以理解为非谓语作定语

        ·a book (being) concerned with music    一本有关音乐的书。    being + done/adj. 作为定语修饰名词

    ·run：be in charge of (sth); manage 

        ·run a hotel/shop/language school    经营一家 酒店/商店/语言学校

        ·John manages a successful furniture business.    约翰经营着一家成功的家具企业

        ·John is in charge of a successful furniture business.    约翰经营着一家成功的家具企业

    ·模仿造句：最近一则新闻是有关于罗京，中央电视台的一位著名播音员(newscaster),因癌症而去世。

        ·A recent piece of news concerns Luo Jing, a popular CCTV newscaster, who died of cancer.

John had a very good day and put his wallet containing £ 3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding.

    ·go + doing    表示去做某事

        ·go fishing    去钓鱼

        ·go hunting    去打猎

        ·go camping    去露营

        ·go bowling    去打保龄球

        ·go sight-seeing    去观光

        ·go mountain-hiking    去爬山

When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well.

    ·without realizing it    没有意识到

        ·... without knowing it ...    不知不觉中

        ·... without being aware of it ...    没有意识到它

Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!

    ·dismay：both shocked and discouraged

    ·beautifully-cooked    被烹饪的非常好的

    ·turn to/into ...    变成

        ·change into    变成

        ·become    变成

            ·The caterpillar eventually turns to/into/changes into/becomes a beautiful butterfly.    毛毛虫最终变成了一只美丽的蝴蝶

        ·转变职务，身份，职业可以单独用 turn，且后面跟的名词不能加冠词

            ·The teacher turned writer.    

            ·He has turned traitor.

    ·imagine one's ... when ...    想象一下当某时，某人的某种情况把

        ·lmagine his dismay when he found he took the wrong train.    想象一下，当他发现自己搭错火车时，他有多么沮丧

        ·Imagine her exultation when she received the admission notice from Beijing University.    想象一下她收到北京大学录取通知书时的狂喜

John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. 

    ·这里的 who 定语从句叫做 continuative clause 接续性分句

        ·John went to see his bank manager and the manager sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! (这里的定语从句代替其它句子，上半句的末尾的名词或名词短语必须是下半句中的一个成分)

        ·He violently beat the boy and the boy later died from his injuries.    他猛烈地殴打男孩，男孩后来因伤势过重而死亡

            ·He violently beat the boy who later died from his injuries.    他猛烈地殴打男孩，男孩后来因伤势过重而死亡

        ·We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.    我们可以读到5000年前近东发生的事情，因为那里的人们最早学会了写字

            ·We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, because people first learned to write there.    这里的 there 指 the Near East，可以用关系副词 where 代替

        ·Don't sit on the chair because it has a broken leg.    不要坐在椅子上，因为它的一条腿断了

            ·Don't sit on the chair which has a broken leg.

        ·I have to be very careful not to offend the manager because he could give me the sack at any time.    我必须非常小心，不要冒犯经理，因为他随时都可能解雇我

            ·I have to be very careful not to offend the manager who could give me the sack at any time.

        ·History books never mention those people although they really helped civilization forward.    历史书从来没有提到这些人，尽管他们确实推动了文明的进步

            ·History books never mention those people who really helped civilization forward.

'So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid £ 1.5m on 21,000 claims.'

    ·as/so long as    只要，引导条件状语从句

        ·provided / providing (that) .….    只要 (连词，引导条件状语从句)

        ·on condition (that) ...    只要，引导条件状语从句

            ·You'll be quite safe as long as you follow my instructions.    只要你听从我的指示，你就会很安全

            ·He can come with us, provided/providing (that) he pays for his own meals.    他可以和我们一起来，只要他自己付饭钱

            ·I'll lend you the money on condition (that) you pay it back within three weeks.    我将借钱给你，条件是你在三周内还钱

        ·只有 ... 才：only if

            ·she will go only if he goes.    只有他去，她才会去

            ·Only if he goes will she go.    only 放句首，后面部分倒装

    ·职位前 + as，公司前 + for

        ·This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation

    ·said a spokeswoman for the Bank    发言人不重要，说的话重要，所以把一句话劈成两半，把发言人放中间

        ·"I'm trying to repair the bell," answered Bill. " I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.    “我想修钟，”比尔回答说。几个星期以来，我每晚都到这里来。你看，我想给你一个惊喜

        ·“You certainly did give me a surprise!” said the vicar. “You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.”    “你确实给了我一个惊喜!牧师说。“你可能也吵醒了村里的每个人。不过，我还是很高兴钟又能响了。”

如何写出优秀的解释说明类文章 (exposition)

1、语言生动活泼，充满趣味性。

2、用词准确清晰，避免模棱两可。

3、抽象说明与具体例证相结合。

本文脉络(经典的解释说明类文章):

第一段:三个设问句引起读者兴趣并引入主题:残钞鉴别组，并确切地说明其作用。语言充满趣味性。

第二段:给出具体例证。描述清晰，语言风趣，句式多变。