多邻国世界语tips and notes Adjective 形容词篇(中英对照)

Adjectives
形容词
An adjective takes the -a ending and has to agree in number with the noun it modifies:
形容词以-a结尾,而且在数量上要和它修饰的名词相一致(其实就是名词如果是复数的话,形容词也要变成复数形式)
bona homo = a good person 一个好人
bonaj homoj = good people 好人(善良的人们)
Homoj estas bonaj. = People aregood. 人们很好
An adjective that modifies an object also takes the -n (direct object) ending:
形容词修饰宾语的时候也要加词尾-n(直接宾语)
Mi manĝas belajn kukojn. = I eat beautiful cakes. 我吃漂亮的蛋糕
In summary, an adjective's ending must match the ending of the noun it modifies.
总的来说,形容词的词尾一定要和它修饰的名词的词尾相一致
word order
语序
Word order in Esperanto is flexible.
世界语的语序很灵活
Most people place adjectives before the noun, but they may also be placed after the noun. Both of the following sentences are correct:
大多数人将形容词放在名词前面,但是也可以把形容词放名词之后,(所以)下面的句子都是正确的
Ŝi estas bona instruisto.
Ŝi estas instruisto bona.
She is a good teacher.
她是个好老师
adjectives into verbs
形容词转换为动词
In Esperanto, adjectives are easily transformed into verbs, and are frequently used that way in conversations and in written texts :
在世界语中,形容词可轻易地转换成动词,而且经常在对话和写作中使用这种方法
Mi estas preta. = Mi pretas. = I am ready. 我准备好了
Mi estas malsana. = Mi malsanas. = I am sick. 我病了
You may also hear:
你也能听到(这样的句子)
La ĉielo bluas. = La ĉielo estas blua. = The sky isblue.
天空是蓝色的
La hundo grandas = La hundo estas granda.= The dog is big.
那只狗是大的
However, if the verb form of an adjective is a transitive verb, this transformation doesn't work.
然而,如果形容词的动词形式是个及物动词,那么这种转化方法就不管用了
For example:
La libro estas interesa. (The book is interesting) CANNOT be transformed into La libro interesas...
例如: La libro estas interesa. (这本书是有趣的)不能转换成 La libro interesas...
(because interesi is transitive, which means that the book interests someone, and requires an object, e.g. La libro interesas min.).
(因为interesi是及物动词,意味着书本使某个人感兴趣,需要一个宾语,e.g. La libro interesas min.)
Similarly, La libro estas amuza (The book is funny, amuzing) CANNOT be transformed into La libro amuzas, because "amuzi" is transitive. (You would need to say "La libro amuzas min".)
类似的,La libro estas amuza (The book isfunny, amuzing这书很有意思)不能转换成La libro amuzas,因为"amuzi"是个及物动词(你要说"La libro amuzas min".)
原文:http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Adjectives-1
翻译:vanilo